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556 results for “infrastructure”
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Burkina Faso
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Togo
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Sierra Leone
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for San Marino
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Malawi
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Ecuador
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Mozambique
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Suriname
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Madagascar
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Republic of the Congo
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Somalia
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Mauritania
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Cameroon
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Egypt
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Chad
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Guinea-Bissau
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Gambia
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Burundi
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
The road to success and the fences to be crossed: Considering multiple infrastructure in landscape connectivity modelling (Dataset and script)
<p>Linear infrastructure represent a barrier to movement for many species, reducing the connectivity of the landscapes in which they reside. Of all linear infrastructure, roads and fences are two of the most ubiquitous, and are understood to reduce landscape connectivity for wildlife. However, what is often neglected consideration is a holistic approach of modelling the effects of multiple types of linear infrastructure simultaneously. Few studies have examined this, typically assessing the impacts of a singular kind of infrastructure on landscape connectivity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to address the relative importance of considering multiple kinds of linear infrastructure in landscape connectivity modelling. We utilised presence data of red deer <em>Cervus elaphus</em> and wild boar <em>Sus scrofa</em> in Doñana Biosphere Reserve (Spain) to generate a sequential approach of scenarios of landscape connectivity; firstly only with environmental variables, secondly with roads as the sole infrastructure, thirdly with the addition of fences, and finally with the further addition of fences and wildlife road-crossing structures. We found that the connectivity of the landscape was greatly affected by the addition of fences and wildlife road-crossing structures in both species, with fences in particular causing considerable alterations to estimated movement pathways. Our finding impresses a need to consider multiple different types of linear infrastructure when modelling landscape connectivity to enable a more realistic view of wildlife movement and inform mitigation and conservation measures more accurately.</p>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Gibraltar
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2023)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2023)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=11539">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2023) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.