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6,818 results for “inhibition”
Spike-induced cytoarchitectonic changes in epileptic human cortex are reduced via MAP2K inhibition
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Data from: Do genetic loci that cause reproductive isolation in the lab inhibit gene flow in nature?
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Mobile Brain-Body Imaging (MoBI) dual-tasking datasets (response inhibition while walking): Young adults
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Mobile Brain-Body Imaging (MoBI) dual-tasking datasets (response inhibition while walking): Increased cognitive load
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Data from: Asymmetrical evolution of cross inhibition in zooplankton: Insights from contrasting phosphorus limitation and salinization exposure sequences
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Inhibition of SCFKDM2A/USP22-dependent nuclear β-catenin ubiquitylation mediates cerebral ischemic tolerance
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Data from: High temperatures and low soil moisture synergistically reduce switchgrass yields from marginal field sites and inhibit fermentation
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PI3Kg inhibition circumvents inflammation and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 and other infections
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Mobile Brain-Body Imaging (MoBI) dual-tasking datasets (response inhibition while walking): Older adults
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Top-down control of saccades requires inhibition of suddenly appearing stimuli
<p>Data from:</p> <p>Wolf, C. & Lappe, M. (202x). Top-down control of saccades requires inhibition of suddenly appearing stimuli.</p> <p>For each of the six experiments the data set can be found in the corresponding txt file (e.g. e1.txt for experiment 1). Labels of the columns can be found in ColumnLabels.pdf</p> <p>For experiments 1-4 the same set of participants has been recorded and identical participant numbers refer to the same individual. For each of the last two experiments, experiment 5 and 6, a new set of participants has been recorded and identical participant numbers do not refer to the same individual from other experiments.</p> <p>For questions please contact chr.wolf[at]wwu.de</p>
Resource fluctuations inhibit the reproduction and virulence of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni in its snail intermediate host
Resource availability can powerfully influence host-parasite interactions. However, we currently lack a mechanistic framework to predict how resource fluctuations alter individual infection dynamics. We address this gap with experiments manipulating resource supply and starvation for a human parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, and its snail intermediate host to test a hypothesis derived from mechanistic energy budget theory: resource fluctuations should reduce schistosome reproduction and virulence by inhibiting parasite ingestion of host biomass. Low resource supply caused hosts to remain small, reproduce less, and produce fewer human-infectious cercariae. Periodic starvation also inhibited cercarial production and prevented infection-induced castration. The periodic starvation experiment also revealed substantial differences in fit between two bioenergetic model variants, which differ in their representation of host starvation. Simulations using the best fit parameters of the winning model suggest that schistosome performance substantially declines with resource fluctuations with periods >7 days. These experiments strengthen mechanistic theory that can be readily scaled up to the population level to understand key feedbacks between resources, host population dynamics, parasitism, and control interventions. Integrating resources with other environmental drivers of disease in an explicit bioenergetic framework could ultimately yield mechanistic predictions for many disease systems.
Data from: Does migration promote or inhibit diversification? A case study involving the dominant radiation of temperate Southern Hemisphere freshwater fishes
<p>While theory predicts that dispersal is a pivotal influence on speciation and extinction rates, it can have contradictory effects on each, such that empirical studies are needed to quantify its role. In many studies, dispersal reduction appears to promote diversification, although some analyses of migratory species suggest otherwise. Here we test for a relationship between migratory status and diversification rate within the dominant radiation of temperate Southern Hemisphere freshwater fishes, the Galaxiidae. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny for the group, comprising >95% of extant lineages, and applied State-dependent Speciation Extinction models to estimate speciation, extinction, and diversification rates. In contrast to some previous studies, we revealed higher diversification rates in non-migratory lineages. The reduced gene flow experienced by non-migratory galaxiids appears to have increased diversification under conditions of allopatry or local adaptation. Migratory galaxiid lineages, by contrast, are genetically homogeneous within landmasses, but may also be rarely able to colonise other landmasses in the temperate Southern Hemisphere. The life history state exhibiting higher diversification likely reflects the spatial context of the study system relative to species dispersal abilities, by means of the intermediate dispersal model; the accurate quantification of dispersal abilities will aid in our understanding of these likely interactions.</p>
Size-dependent predation and intraspecific inhibition of an estuarine snail feeding on oysters
<p><span>Predator outbreaks have increased in the past two decades in many ecosystems and are predicted to become more common with climate change. During these outbreaks, predator densities increase rapidly, and can cause large reductions in prey populations or shifts in prey size structure. However, unexpected interactions may occur at high predator densities, necessitating a mechanistic understanding of how increased predator density affects predator-prey dynamics. In the northern Gulf of Mexico, outbreaks of southern oyster drill (<i>Stramonita haemastoma</i>, Linnaeus, 1767) occur during high salinity events, and can greatly reduce eastern oyster (<i>Crassostrea virginica</i>, Gmelin, 1791) populations. A large outbreak of drills occurred from 2013—2015 in Apalachicola Bay, FL which corresponded with an oyster fishery collapse in that bay. To improve our mechanistic understanding of predation during such a high-density outbreak, laboratory experiments based on field observations were used to quantify the prey size selection by drills and the drill functional response, as a function of drill abundance. Drills fed on medium-sized oysters (50-75 mm) more often than small and larger-sized oysters, and often formed aggregations during feeding events. However, despite this aggregative response, there was a negative relationship between per capita feeding rates and drill abundance. Indeed, the Crowley-Martin functional response model had the most parsimonious fit to the data, suggesting that predator-predator inhibition reduced attack rates and increased handling times. Due to an increase in regional drought conditions and water usage in the southeastern United States, drill outbreaks will likely increase in frequency and duration. A greater understanding of how predation rates change with predator densities during outbreaks will improve predictions of oyster mortality, and strengthen the scientific framework for oyster fishery decisions.</span></p>
Data from: Nonlinearities between inhibition and T-type calcium channel activity bidirectionally regulate thalamic oscillations
<p>Absence seizures result from 3-5 Hz generalized thalamocortical oscillations that depend on highly regulated inhibitory neurotransmission in the thalamus. Efficient reuptake of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA is essential, and reuptake failure worsens seizures. Here, we show that blocking GABA transporters (GATs) in acute brain slices containing key parts of the thalamocortical seizure network modulates epileptiform activity. As expected, we found that blocking either GAT1 or GAT3 prolonged oscillations. However, blocking both GATs unexpectedly suppressed oscillations. Integrating experimental observations into single-neuron and network-level computational models shows how a non-linear dependence of T-type calcium channel opening on GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor activity regulates network oscillations. Receptor activity that is either too brief or too protracted fails to sufficiently open T-type channels necessary for sustaining oscillations. Only within a narrow range does prolonging GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor activity promote channel opening and intensify oscillations. These results have implications for therapeutics that modulate GABA transporters.</p>
Comparing the effect of TGF-β receptor inhibition on human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived from endometrium, bone marrow and adipose tissues
<p><strong>Figure S1: Differences between bmMSC donors. A)</strong> Graph showing two groups of bmMSCs with and without effect of A83-01 treatment on % SUSD2<sup>+</sup> cells. <strong>B)</strong> Graph showing no difference in the number of cells following A83-01 treatment in the two groups of donor cells from <strong>A</strong>. Plots are median for n=3 biological samples per treatment group.</p>
Data from: Ethanol abolishes vigilance-dependent astroglia network activation in mice by inhibiting norepinephrine release
<p>This collection of data sets was obtained during a study of the effect of acute ethanol intoxication on vigilance-dependent astroglia network activation in mice. The main findings have been that ethanol inhibits astroglia activation by inhibiting vigilance-dependent norepinephrine release. This leads to a failure of activation of alpha<sub>1A</sub>-adrenergic receptors on astroglia. Further, this study has revealed that ethanol inhibition of cerebellar Bergmann glia Ca<sup>2+</sup> activation does not account for ataxic motor behavior, but may rather contribute to cognitive deficits.</p>
Dead litter of resident species first facilitates and then inhibits sequential life stages of range-expanding species
<p>1. Resident species can facilitate invading species (biotic assistance) or inhibit their expansion (biotic resistance). Species interactions are often context-dependent and the relative importance of biotic assistance versus resistance could vary with abiotic conditions or the life stage of the invading species, as invader stress tolerances and resource requirements change with ontogeny. In northeast Florida salt marshes, the abundant dead litter (wrack) of the native marsh cordgrass, <em>Spartina alterniflora</em>, could influence the expansion success of the black mangrove, <em>Avicennia germinans</em>, a tropical species that is expanding its range northward.</p> <p>2. We used two field experiments to examine how <em>S. alterniflora</em> wrack affects <em>A. germinans</em> success during 1) propagule establishment and 2) subsequent seedling survival. We also conducted laboratory feeding assays to identify propagule consumers and assess how wrack presence influences herbivory on mangrove propagules.</p> <p>3. <em>S. alterniflora</em> wrack facilitated <em>A. germinans </em>establishment by promoting propagule recruitment, retention, and rooting; the tidal regime influenced the magnitude of these effects. However, over time <em>S. alterniflora</em> wrack inhibited <em>A. germinans</em> seedling success by smothering seedlings and attracting herbivore consumers. Feeding assays identified rodents – which seek refuge in wrack – as consumers of<em> A. germinans </em>propagules.</p> <p>4. Synthesis: Our results suggest that the deleterious effects of <em>S. alterniflora</em> wrack on <em>A. germinans</em> seedling survival counterbalance the initial beneficial effects of wrack on <em>A. germinans</em> seed establishment. Such seed-seedling conflicts can arise when species stress tolerances and resource requirements change throughout development and vary with abiotic conditions. In concert with the tidal conditions, the relative importance of positive and negative interactions with wrack at each life stage can influence the rate of local and regional mangrove expansion. Because interaction strengths can change in direction and magnitude with ontogeny, it is essential to examine resident-invader interactions at multiple life stages and across environmental gradients to uncover the mechanisms of assistance and resistance during invasion.</p>
Data from: Intrinsic growth heterogeneity of mouse leukemia cells underlies differential susceptibility to a growth-inhibiting anticancer drug
<p>Cancer cell populations consist of phenotypically heterogeneous cells. Growing evidence suggests that pre-existing phenotypic differences among cancer cells correlate with differential susceptibility to anticancer drugs and eventually lead to a relapse. Such phenotypic differences can arise not only externally driven by the environmental heterogeneity around individual cells but also internally by the intrinsic fluctuation of cells. However, the quantitative characteristics of intrinsic phenotypic heterogeneity emerging even under constant environments and their relevance to drug susceptibility remain elusive. Here we employed a microfluidic device, mammalian mother machine, for studying the intrinsic heterogeneity of growth dynamics of mouse lymphocytic leukemia cells (L1210) across tens of generations. The generation time of this cancer cell line had a distribution with a long tail and a heritability across generations. We determined that a minority of cell lineages exist in a slow-cycling state for multiple generations. These slow-cycling cell lineages had a higher chance of survival than the fast-cycling lineages under continuous exposure to the anticancer drug Mitomycin C. This result suggests that heritable heterogeneity in cancer cells' growth in a population influences their susceptibility to anticancer drugs.</p>
Data from: Prey colonization in freshwater landscapes can be stimulated or inhibited by the proximity of remote predators
<p>1. Recent findings suggest that the colonization of habitat patches may be affected by the quality of surrounding patches. For instance, patches that lack predators may be avoided when located near others with predators, a pattern known as risk contagion. Alternatively, predator avoidance might also redirect dispersal towards nearby predator-free patches resulting in so-called habitat compression. However, it is largely unknown how predators continue to influence these habitat selection behaviors at increasing distances from outside of their own habitat patch. In addition, current information is derived from artificial mesocosm experiments, while support from natural ecosystems is lacking. 2. This study used bromeliad landscapes as a natural model system to study how oviposition habitat selection of Diptera responds to the cues of a distant predator, the carnivorous elephant mosquito larva. 3. We established landscapes containing predator-free bromeliad habitat patches placed at increasing distances from a predator-containing patch, along with replicate control landscapes. These patches were then left to be colonized by ovipositing bromeliad insects. 4. We found that distance to predators modulates habitat selection decisions. Moreover, different dipteran families had different responses suggesting different habitat selection strategies. In some families, predator-free patches at certain distances from the predator patch were avoided, confirming risk contagion. In other families, these patches received higher number of colonists providing evidence of predator induced habitat compression. 5. We confirm that effects of predators in a natural ecosystem can extend beyond the patch in which the predator is present and that the presence or absence of remote predator effects on habitat selection depends on the distance to predators. The notion that perceived habitat quality can depend on conditions in neighboring patches forces habitat selection studies to adopt a landscape perspective and account for the effects of both present and remote predators when explaining community assembly in metacommunities.</p>
miR-145-5p mimic inhibits bone metastasis of prostate cancer via the regulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition
<p><strong>Background.</strong> The bone is the most common site of distant metastasis in prostate cancer. However, treatments for the bone metastasis of prostate cancer remain unsatisfactory. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a variety of critical roles in tumor development and progression. Studies have confirmed that miRNA mimics could regulate the response to therapy in many cancers. <strong>Methods.</strong> In this study, a set of forty-four miRNAs were reduced in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases by high-throughput sequencing analysis. Wound healing and transwell assays and western blotting analysis were used to explore the role of miRNA mimic in prostate cancer bone metastasis.<strong> Results.</strong> These mimics of down-regulated miRNAs may be able to cure prostate cancer bone metastasis, including hsa-miR-221-3p, hsa-miR-222-3p, hsa-miR-133a-3p, hsa-miR-222-5p, hsa-miR-204-3p, hsa-miR-145-5p, hsa-miR-3681-5p, hsa-miR-184, hsa-miR-144-3p, hsa-miR-204-5p, and hsa-miR-221-5p. To further investigate the role of these miRNA mimics on prostate cancer bone metastasis, miR-145-5p was randomly selected for validation. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-145-5p target genes significantly affected TGF-beta signaling pathway. Wound healing and transwell assays and western blotting analysis revealed that miR-145-5p mimic inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion. Importantly, miR-145-5p mimic increased the expression of E-cadherin and reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9. These results revealed that miR-145-5p mimic mediated epithelial mesenchymal transition. Meanwhile, miR-145-5p mimic enhanced the level of caspase 9, which is an important promoter of apoptosis. These results indicate that miR-145-5p mimic could inhibit the progress of prostate cancer bone metastasis via regulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition. In addition, miR-145-5p mimic could induce the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells with bone metastases. In summary, the miR-145-5p mimic is expected to become a novel strategy for the treatment of tumor metastasis.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.