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Figure 2 in Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Figure 2. Egg nests of Oncometopia orbona: external appearance and structure. (A) intact nest coated with white brochosome powder on the abaxial side of a Helianthus sp. leaf. (B) nest of similar size soaked in alcohol. The eggs are visible through the leaf epidermis. White and black arrows point out incisions (ovipositional scars) made by the ovipositor to insert pairs of eggs or single eggs, respectively. Scale bar: 2 mm.

Figure 1 in Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Figure 1. Leafhopper females with pellets of egg brochosomes on the forewings (white). Proconiini: (A) Cuerna arida. (B) Oncometopia orbona. (C) Homalodisca ichthyocephala. (D) Dichrophleps despecta. (E) Acrogonia sp. 1. Cicadellini: (F) Pamplona sp. 1. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 5 in Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Figure 5. Powdering behaviour of two proconiine species, drawn after video records. The females are shown at the moment when the hindtibia just begins scraping the brochosome pellet in a downward stroke. Insets show the relative position of the hindtibia to the pellet. (A) Oncometopia orbona. (B) Homalodisca liturata.

Figure 11 in Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Figure 11. Specialization and sexual dimorphism in the anteroventral row of macrosetae in the hindtibia of Proconiini and Cicadellini. For each species, the male tibia is shown in its full anterior aspect in the foreground (white), and the female tibia with only its anteroventral row of macrosetae visible is shown in the background (shaded). Species are arranged approximately to show increase in the dimorphism. Non-powdering species: (A) Paraulacizes irrorata, rows of macrosetae: AV, anteroventral, AD, anterodorsal, PD, posterodorsal. (B) Homalodisca elongata. (C) Phera centrolineata. (D) Cuerna costalis. Powdering species: (E) Cuerna striata. (F) Egidemia inflata. (G) Pamplonoidea yalea. (H) Phera lanei. (I) Oncometopia orbona. (J) Pamplona sp. 2. (K) Homalodisca ignorata. (L) Homalodisca coagulata. (M) Acrogonia virescens. (N) Acrogonia sp. 3. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 10 in Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Figure 10. Distribution of size and density of setae along the length of the forewing in females and males of Oncometopia orbona. Mean values are shown based on measurement of ten specimens of each sex. Numbers along the horizontal axis correspond to grid tiles (see Appendix 1 and Fig. 12 for details). Values significantly different between sexes (ANOVA, P <0.01) are asterisked in females. (A) density of setae. (B) length of setae, adjusted for differences in body size between individuals.

Figure 4 in Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Figure 4. Making of an egg nest in three species of Proconiini: diagrammatic representation based on video records of individual females. Temporal succession of laying (white bars) and powdering (black bars) is shown on the horizontal axis. Each bout of laying includes all the activity between the insertion and subsequent withdrawal of the ovipositor and generally means making a chamber and inserting two eggs. Black circles connected with powdering bouts by vertical lines represent number of the hindleg strokes in each bout. Note variable time and stroke number scales in different species. (A) Oncometopia orbona, 22.0∞C. (B) Homalodisca liturata, 32.0 ∞C, laying of the first pair of eggs not observed (dashed line). (C) Cuerna striata, 24.5∞C.

Figure 7 in Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Figure 7. Egg brochosomes. Proconiini: (A) Egidemia fowleri. (A1) same, close-up. (B) Phera lanei. (C) Homalodisca ignorata. (D) Homalodisca insolita. (E) Homalodisca coagulata. (F) Homalodisca ichthyocephala. (G) Homalodisca lucernaria. (H) Homalodisca liturata. (I) Pseudophera atra. (J) Pseudophera contraria. (J1) same, close-up. (K) Dichrophleps despecta. (L) Cuerna obtusa. (M) Hyogonia sp.

Figure 6 in Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Figure 6. Integumental brochosomes of Proconiini. (A) Oncometopia orbona, male. (B) same, female. (C) Paraulacizes irrorata, female. (D) Homalodisca coagulata, male. (E) Homalodisca liturata, male. (F) Tapajosa spinata, male. (G) Diestostemma stesilea, male. (H) Proconia esmeraldae, male. (I) same, female. Scale bars: 1 Mm.

Figure 12 in Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Figure 12. Grid used for counting and measuring the forewing setae in males and females of Oncometopia orbona. The wing area covered by tiles 1–10 (shaded) was analysed. Position of the grid on the wing was determined by standard anchoring points a–e. See text for details.

Figure 3 in Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Figure 3. Placement of brochosome suspension onto the forewings (pellet-making) in a ready-to-oviposit female of Oncometopia orbona. (A–D) successive stages, drawn after a video record. See text for details.

Fig. 8 in A new genus and five new species of Neocoelidiinae leafhoppers from Brazil (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with a key to males

Fig. 8. Takiyaella mejdalanii gen. et sp. nov., ♂, holotype (DZRJ-AUCH #246). A. Head and thorax, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head and thorax, lateral view. D. Forewing. E. Pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. F. Valve and subgenital plate, lateral view. G. Valve and subgenital plate, ventral view. H. Styles and connective, dorsal view. I. Style, lateral view. J. Aedeagus, lateral view. K. Aedeagus, caudal view. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D = 2.0 mm; E–I = 0.5 mm; J–K = 0.4 mm.

Fig. 12 in A new genus and five new species of Neocoelidiinae leafhoppers from Brazil (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with a key to males

Fig. 12. Habitus of type specimens, dorsal and lateral view, respectively. A–B. Takiyaella anomala gen. et sp. nov., ♂, holotype (DZRJ-AUCH #238). C–D. T. cavichiolii gen. et sp. nov., ♂, holotype (DZUP 492451). E–F. T. coelhomarquesae gen. et sp. nov., ♂, holotype (DZUP-083605). G–H. T. daniela gen. et sp. nov., ♂, holotype (DZRJ-AUCH #244). I–J. T. mejdalanii gen. et sp. nov., ♂, holotype (DZRJ- AUCH #246). K–L. T. sexguttata (Chiamolera & Cavichioli, 2003) gen. et comb. nov., ♂, holotype (DZUP-082927). M. Labels of the holotype of Xenocoelidia sexguttata. Scale bars: A–L = 2.0 mm.

Fig. 11 in A new genus and five new species of Neocoelidiinae leafhoppers from Brazil (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with a key to males

Fig. 11. Takiyaella sexguttata (Chiamolera & Cavichioli, 2003) gen. et comb. nov., ♀, paratype (DZUP-492337). A. Sternite VII, ventral view. B. Pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. C. First valvula of ovipositor, lateral view. D. Apex of first valvula, lateral view. E. Second valvula of ovipositor, lateral view. F. Apex of second valvula, lateral view. G. Second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. H. Apex of gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E, G = 0.5 mm; D, F, H = 0.3 mm.

Fig. 6 in A new genus and five new species of Neocoelidiinae leafhoppers from Brazil (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with a key to males

Fig. 6. Takiyaella coelhomarquesae gen. et sp. nov., ♀, paratype (DZUP-083606). A. Posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. B. Posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. C. Sternite VII, ventral view. D. Pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. E. First valvifer and first valvula of ovipositor, lateral view. F. Apex of first valvula, lateral view. G. Second valvula of ovipositor, lateral view. H. Apex of second valvula, lateral view. I. Second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. J. Apex of gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 1.0 mm; C–E, G, I = 0.5 mm; F, H, J = 0.3 mm.

Fig. 7 in A new genus and five new species of Neocoelidiinae leafhoppers from Brazil (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with a key to males

Fig. 7. Takiyaella daniela gen. et sp. nov., ♂, holotype (DZRJ-AUCH #244). A. Head and thorax, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head and thorax, lateral view. D. Forewing. E. Pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. F. Valve and subgenital plate, lateral view. G. Valve and subgenital plate, ventral view. H. Styles and connective, dorsal view. I. Style, lateral view. J. Aedeagus, lateral view. K. Aedeagus, caudal view. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D = 2.0 mm; E–I = 0.5 mm; J–K = 0.4 mm.

Fig. 2 in A new genus and five new species of Neocoelidiinae leafhoppers from Brazil (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with a key to males

Fig. 2. Takiyaella anomala gen. et sp. nov., ♀, paratype (MNRJ). A. Posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. B. Posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. C. Sternite VII, ventral view. D. Pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. E. First valvifer and first valvula of ovipositor, lateral view. F. Apex of first valvula, lateral view. G. Second valvula of ovipositor, lateral view. H. Apex of second valvula, lateral view. I. Second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. J. Apex of gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 1.0 mm; C–E, G, I = 0.5 mm; F, H, J = 0.3 mm.

Fig. 1 in A new genus and five new species of Neocoelidiinae leafhoppers from Brazil (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with a key to males

Fig. 1. Takiyaella anomala gen. et sp. nov., ♂, holotype (DZRJ-AUCH #238). A. Head and thorax, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head and thorax, lateral view. D. Forewing. E. Pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. F. Valve and subgenital plate, lateral view. G. Valve and subgenital plate, ventral view. H. Styles and connective, dorsal view. I. Style, lateral view. J. Aedeagus, lateral view. K. Aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D = 2.0 mm; E–I = 0.5 mm; J–K = 0.4 mm.

Fig. 9 in A new genus and five new species of Neocoelidiinae leafhoppers from Brazil (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with a key to males

Fig. 9. Takiyaella mejdalanii gen. et sp. nov., ♀, paratype (DZRJ-AUCH #247). A. Posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. B. Posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. C. Sternite VII, ventral view. D. Pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. E. First valvula of ovipositor, lateral view. F. Apex of first valvula, lateral view. G. Second valvula of ovipositor, lateral view. H. Apex of second valvula, lateral view. I. Second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. J. Apex of gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 1.0 mm; C–E, G, I = 0.5 mm; F, H, J = 0.3 mm.

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FIG. 6 in Review of the "red" Empoascini leafhoppers in the genera Baguoidea Mahmood, 1967, Dayus Mahmood, 1967 and Homa Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from Asia and the West Pacific

FIG. 6. — Male genitalia of Homa insignis Distant, 1908 from Thailand specimen: A, genital capsule; B, pygofer, lateral view; C, pygofer, dorsal view; D, anal tube, lateral view; E, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; F, aedeagus and connective, ventral view; G, subgenital plate, lateral view; H, style. Reproduced from Xu et al. (2022, figs 38-45) (as H. haematoptilus, misidentification), with permission from copyright holder.