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137 results for “macrophytes”
Data from: Influence of environmental factors on the genetic variation of the aquatic macrophyte Ranunculus subrigidus on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
<p><b>Background: </b>Due to the environmental heterogeneity along elevation gradients, alpine ecosystems are ideal study objects for investigating how ecological variables shape the genetic patterns of natural species. The highest region in the world, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, is a hotspot for the studies of evolutionary processes in plants. Many large rivers spring from the plateau, providing abundant habitats for aquatic and amphibious organisms. In the present study, we examined the genetic diversity of 13 <i>Ranunculus subrigidus</i> populations distributed throughout the plateau in order to elucidate the relative contribution of geographic distance and environmental dissimilarity to the spatial genetic pattern. </p> <p><b>Results: </b>A relatively low level of genetic diversity within populations was found. No spatial genetic structure was suggested by the analyses of molecular variance, Bayesian clustering analysis and Mantel tests. Partial Mantel tests and multiple matrix regression analysis showed a significant influence of the environment on the genetic divergence of the species. Both climatic and water quality variables contribute to the habitat heterogeneity of <i>R. subrigidus </i>populations. </p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>Our results suggest that historical processes involving long-distance dispersal and local adaptation may account for the genetic patterns of <i>R. subrigidus</i> and current environmental factors play an important role in the genetic differentiation and local adaptation of aquatic plants in alpine landscapes.</p>
Data from: Effects of macrophytes on lake‐water quality across latitudes: a meta‐analysis
Macrophytes are widely recognized for improving water quality and stabilizing the desirable clear‐water state in lakes. The positive effects of macrophytes on water quality have been noted to be weaker in the (sub)tropics compared to those of temperate regions. We conducted a global meta‐analysis using 47 studies that met our set criteria to assess the overall effects of macrophytes on water quality (measured by phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration, total nitrogen concentration, total phosphorus concentration, Secchi depth, and the trophic state index) and to investigate how these effects correlate with latitude using meta‐regressions. We also examined if the effects of macrophytes on lake‐water quality differ with growth form in (sub)tropical and temperate areas by grouping the data and then comparing the effect sizes. We found that macrophytes significantly reduced phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration, total nitrogen concentration, total phosphorus concentration, as well as the trophic state index, but they did not have a significant overall effect on Secchi depth. The effects of macrophytes on reducing phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration, total nitrogen concentration, and the trophic state index did not differ with latitude. However, the reduction of total phosphorus concentration was greater at lower latitudes. We showed that at lower latitudes, the positive effects of macrophytes on water quality are similar to or greater than those at higher latitudes, thus challenging the prevailing paradigm of macrophytes being less effective at enhancing lake‐water quality in the (sub)tropics. Furthermore, our data showed that the macrophyte effects vary by growth forms, and the growth forms that positively affect water quality differ between the (sub)tropical and temperate areas. We showed a lack of significant macrophyte effects in surveys within and outside macrophyte stands, suggesting difference in the sensitivities of study designs or possibly weaker effects of macrophytes in lakes compared to experimental settings.
Complete codes for "Linking functional traits and diversity-invasibility hypothesis in submerged macrophyte communities under eutrophication", by Li
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Supplementary material 1 from: Serafim-Júnior M, Perbiche-Neves G, Lansac-Toha F (2019) Environments and macrophytes as main variables controlling rotifers in a river/lake system before Porto Primavera Reservoir construction. Zoologia 36: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e24191
Table S1. List of species found in our study, separated by their habitat (H) occurrence in the pelagic (P) or littoranean (L) region
Leaf δ13C and δ15N of aquatic macrophytes in the arid zone of northwestern China
<p>Raw data of species list, life form, carbon isotope ratio (δ<sup><span>13</span></sup>C) and nitrogen isotope ratio (δ<sup><span>15</span></sup>N) for all observations examined across the arid zone of northwestern China. Multi-annual mean precipitation (MAP, mm), multi-annual mean temperature (MAT, <sup><span>o</span></sup>C), potential evapotranspiration (PET, mm), sediment total carbon (STC), sediment total nitrogen (STN), longitude (Long.), latitude (Lat.) and altitude (Alt.) across the arid zone of northwestern China were also provided.</p> <p>We examined the spatial pattern of the leaf δ<sup><span>13</span></sup>C and δ<sup><span>15</span></sup>N of macrophytes collected across the arid zone of northwestern China and tried to illustrate its relationship with environmental factors.</p>
Dataset of Rapid adaptive responses of rosette-type macrophyte Vallisneria natans juveniles to varying water depths: The role of leaf trait plasticity
<p>Rosette-type submerged macrophytes are widely distributed across a range of water depths in shallow lakes and play a key role in maintaining ecosystem structures and functions. However, little is known about the rapid adaptive responses of such macrophytes to variations in water depth, especially at the juvenile stage. Here, we conducted a short term <i>in situ</i> mesocosm experiment, in which the juveniles of <i>Vallisneria natans</i> were exposed to a water depth gradient ranging from 20 to 360 cm. Twenty-two leaf-related traits were examined after four weeks of growth in a shallow lake. Most (18) traits of <i>V. natans</i> generally showed high plasticity in relation to water depth. Specifically, juveniles allocated more biomass to leaves, and had higher specific leaf area, leaf length to width ratio, chlorophyll content, and carotenoids content in deep waters, displaying trait syndrome associated with high resource acquisition. In contrast, <i>V. natans</i> juveniles in shallow waters had higher leaf dry matter content, leaf soluble carbohydrate content, carotenoids per unit chlorophyll, and peroxidase activity, pertaining to resource conservation. Notably, underwater light intensity was found to be the key factor explaining the trait plasticity along the water depth gradient, and 1.30 mol photons m<sup>–2</sup> d<sup>–1 </sup>(at 270 cm) could be the optimal irradience level based on the total biomass of <i>V. natans</i> juveniles. The present study highlights the significance of leaf trait plasticity for rosette-type macrophytes in response to variations in water depth, and sheds new light on the differences between trade-offs in deep- and shallow-water areas.</p>
Distribution data of aquatic macrophytes in Japan
<p>Distribution data</p>
Data from: Responses of four submerged macrophytes to freshwater snail density (Radix swinhoei) under clear-water conditions: a mesocosm study
<p>Macrophytes play a key role in stabilizing clear-water conditions in shallow freshwater ecosystems. Their populations are maintained by a balance between plant grazing and plant growth. As a freshwater snail commonly found in shallow lakes, <i>Radix swinhoei</i> can affect the growth of submerged macrophytes by removing epiphyton from the surface of aquatic plants and by grazing directly on macrophyte organs. Thus, we conducted a long-term (11-month) experiment to explore the effects of snail density on macrophytes with distinctive structures in an out-door clear-water mesocosm system (with relatively low total nitrogen (TN, 0.66 ± 0.27 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) and total phosphorus (TP, 36 ± 20 μg L<sup>-1</sup>) and a phytoplankton chlorophyll a (Chla) range of 14.8 ± 4.9 μg L<sup>-1</sup>) based on two different snail densities (low and high) and four macrophyte species treatments (<i>Myriophyllum spicatum</i>, <i>Potamogeton wrightii</i>, <i>P. crispus</i>,<i> </i>and <i>P. oxyphyllus</i>). In the high-density treatment, snail biomass and abundance (36.5 ± 16.5 g m<sup>-2</sup> and 169 ± 92 ind m<sup>-2</sup>, respectively) were approximately twice that observed in the low-density treatment, resulting in lower total and aboveground biomass and ramet number in the macrophytes. In addition, plant height and plant volume inhabited (PVI) showed species-specific responses to snail densities, i.e., the height of <i>P. oxyphyllus</i> and PVI of <i>M. spicatum</i> were both higher under low-density treatment. Thus, compared to low-density treatment, the inhibitory effects of long-term high snail density on macrophytes by direct feeding may be greater than the positive effects resulting from epiphyton clearance when under clear-water conditions with low epiphyton biomass. Thus, under clear-water conditions, the growth and community composition of submerged macrophytes could be potentially modified by the manual addition of invertebrates (i.e., snails) to lakes if the inhibitory effects from predatory fish are minor.</p>
Figure 1 in Temporal variation and structure of macro-epifauna associated with macrophytes in the Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia, SW Mediterranean Sea)
Figure 1. Map of the Bizerte lagoon area showing the location of the sampling station (Menzel Jemil).
Figure 3 in Temporal variation and structure of macro-epifauna associated with macrophytes in the Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia, SW Mediterranean Sea)
Figure 3. Monthly variations of the species richness (a) and the density (b) of the macro-epifauna (12 replicates per month) with that of the plant biomass. Bars represent standard error.
Figure 1 in Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera) present in aquatic macrophytes from wetlands of Marchantaria Island, Iranduba, Central Amazonia, Brazil
Figure 1. (A) overview of Marchantaria Island, macrophyte species studied; (B) Eichhornia crassipes; (C) Pistia stratiotes and (D) Salvinia auriculata. Photographs by S.R.S. Torreias and U.G. Neiss.
Figure 2 in Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera) present in aquatic macrophytes from wetlands of Marchantaria Island, Iranduba, Central Amazonia, Brazil
Figure 2. Map of sampling on Lago Grande and Lago Camaleão in wetlands at Ilha da Marchantaria, Iranduba, Amazonas. Note: modified from Kunth (1995).
Data from: Worms and submersed macrophytes reduce methane release and increase nutrient removal in organic sediments
<p>We investigated how the co-presence of macrophytes and macroinvertebrates in organic substrates lowers methane emissions and nutrient transport, due to radial oxygen loss and bioirrigation. Laboratory incubations were performed to measure ebullitive methane fluxes and dissolved gas and nutrient fluxes from sediments in presence of macrophytes and macrofauna.</p>
Data from: Warming alters juvenile carp effects on macrophytes resulting in a shift to turbid conditions in freshwater mesocosms
<p>1. Multiple stressors such as climate change and eutrophication are responsible for the global decline of macrophytes in lakes. The loss of this key component can result in turbid conditions and a loss of important ecosystem functions and services, particularly in shallow lakes. Benthivorous fish, which can increase in abundance during eutrophication, can adversely affect macrophytes through physical disturbance, cascading effects on turbidity, suspended and attached algae (phytoplankton and periphyton) and direct consumption. However, whether warming amplifies their effects on macrophytes and can trigger regime shifts remains unexplored.</p> <p>2. Here, we tested the single and combined effects of warmer water (+4.5°C) and the widespread benthivorous juvenile common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) on two different types of aquatic macrophytes in 24 mesocosms (2500 L each). We monitored phytoplankton, periphyton, turbidity and the abundance of the submerged curly-leafed pondweed (<i>Potamogeton crispus</i>) and the floating-leaved water chestnut<i> </i>(<i>Trapa bispinosa</i>) during their growing season. These species dominated successively in spring and summer.</p> <p>3. Warming alone advanced the growing season of <i>P. crispus </i>by 17 days. Juvenile carp decreased the abundance of the more palatable <i>P. crispus</i>, but promoted the abundance of <i>T. bispinosa</i>, supporting an ecosystem shift to a dominance of floating-leaved macrophytes. Fish also substantially increased water turbidity and the biomass of phytoplankton and periphyton. Warming amplified juvenile carp effects on turbidity and submerged macrophytes, but also decreased the abundance of floating-leaved macrophytes leading to an overall macrophyte decline and increase in water turbidity.</p> <p>4. <i>Synthesis and applications.</i> Our study provides the first experimental evidence for a warming-induced regime shift from clear water conditions dominated by submerged or floating/floating-leaved macrophytes to a turbid state in shallow aquatic ecosystems. The regime shift was triggered by impacts of warming on benthivorous fish (juvenile common carp) rather than on macrophytes. Lowering nutrient loading and other measures to reduce the abundance of benthivorous fish (e.g., fish removal and piscivorous fish restocking) thus may become increasingly important for the management of shallow lakes under global climate change.</p>
Dataset and correlation matrix of topography, water quality and the number of species of macrophytes in the Akan Caldera lakes, Japan (2013–2014).
<p>Akan Caldera lakes_1: Dataset of topography, water quality, and the number of species of macrophytes in the Akan Caldera lakes.</p> <p>Akan Caldera lakes_2: Diagram illustrating the classification of the watershed variables.</p> <p>Akan Caldera lakes_3: Correlation matrix of topography, water quality, and the number of species of macrophytes in the Akan Caldera lakes.</p>
Data from: Submerged macrophytes affect the temporal variability of aquatic ecosystems
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Dataset of Rapid adaptive responses of rosette-type macrophyte Vallisneria natans juveniles to varying water depths: The role of leaf trait plasticity
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Data from: A comparative analysis reveals little evidence for niche conservatism in aquatic macrophytes among four areas on two continents
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Data from: Functional traits for carbon access in macrophytes
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Leaf δ13C and δ15N of aquatic macrophytes in the arid zone of northwestern China
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