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93 results for “marine reptiles”
Data from: Bone-eating Osedax worms lived on Mesozoic marine reptile deadfalls
We report fossil traces of Osedax, a genus of siboglinid annelids that consume the skeletons of sunken vertebrates on the ocean floor, from early-Late Cretaceous (approx. 100 Myr) plesiosaur and sea turtle bones. Although plesiosaurs went extinct at the end-Cretaceous mass extinction (66 Myr), chelonioids survived the event and diversified, and thus provided sustenance for Osedax in the 20 Myr gap preceding the radiation of cetaceans, their main modern food source. This finding shows that marine reptile carcasses, before whales, played a key role in the evolution and dispersal of Osedax and confirms that its generalist ability of colonizing different vertebrate substrates, like fishes and marine birds, besides whale bones, is an ancestral trait. A Cretaceous age for unequivocal Osedax trace fossils also dates back to the Mesozoic the origin of the entire siboglinid family, which includes chemosynthetic tubeworms living at hydrothermal vents and seeps, contrary to phylogenetic estimations of a Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic origin (approx. 50–100 Myr).
Data from: Bone-eating Osedax worms lived on Mesozoic marine reptile deadfalls
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Data from: Palaeoepidemiology in extinct vertebrate populations: factors influencing skeletal health in Jurassic marine reptiles
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Data from: Tooth occlusal morphology in the durophagous marine reptiles, Placodontia (Reptilia: Sauropterygia)
Placodontia were a group of marine reptiles that lived in shallow nearshore environments during the Triassic. Based on tooth morphology it has been inferred that they were durophagous, but tooth morphology differs among species: placodontoid placodonts have teeth described as hemispherical, and the teeth of more highly nested taxa within the cyamodontoid placodonts have been described as flat. In contrast, the sister taxon to the placodonts, Palatodonta bleekeri, like many other marine reptiles, has tall pointed teeth for eating soft-bodied prey. The goals of this paper are to quantify these different tooth morphologies and compare tooth shape among taxa and with a functionally "optimal" tooth. To quantify tooth morphology we measured the radius of curvature (RoC) of the occlusal surface by fitting spheres to 3D surface scans or computed microtomographic scans. Large RoCs correspond to flatter teeth, while teeth with smaller RoCs are pointier; positive RoCs have convex occlusal surfaces, and a negative RoC indicates that the occlusal surface of the tooth is concave. We found the placodontoid taxa have teeth with smaller RoCs than more highly nested taxa, and palatine teeth tend to be flatter and closer to the optimal morphology than maxillary teeth. Within one well-nested clade, the placochelyids, the rearmost palatine teeth have a more complex morphology than the predicted optimal tooth, with an overall concave occlusal surface with a small, medial cusp. These findings are in keeping with the hypothesis that placodonts were specialized durophagous predators with teeth modified to break hard prey items while resisting tooth failure.
FIG. 10 in Contexte historique de la collection Félix de Roissy (1771- 1843) de reptiles marins jurassiques des Vaches Noires
FIG. 10. — Document de travail annoté de la main de Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville montrant le dessin d'une vertèbre de métriorhynchidé des Vaches Noires de la collection de Roissy (BCM MsBLA57, dossier « Crocodiles vivants et fossiles »). La vertèbre représentée est toujours conservée au MNHN sous le numéro MNHN.F.RJN162 (AC 8915) et est présentée sur la Figure 9F, G. Dimension de la feuille: 18 × 22,8 cm (hauteur de la vertèbre sur le dessin: 13,9 cm). © Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (Paris)-Direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.
FIG. 11 in Contexte historique de la collection Félix de Roissy (1771- 1843) de reptiles marins jurassiques des Vaches Noires
FIG. 11. — Crâne de Metriorhnychus superciliosus (Blainville in J.-A. Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1852) (lectotype) des Vaches Noires (Callovien supérieur ou Oxfordien inférieur). De son vivant, Félix de Roissy procura à de Blainville ce spécimen qui fut figuré pour la première fois par Eugène Eudes-Deslongchamps dans son Prodrome des Téléosauriens du Calvados. A-C, Spécimen original (MNHN.F.RJN256) en vues dorsale (A), ventrale (B) et latérale gauche (C); D-F, figures correspondantes publiées par E. Eudes-Deslongchamps (1867-1869: pl. 20, fig. 2; pl. 21, fig. 1). Ces figures ont été inversées lors du procédé d'impression. Échelle: 10 cm.
FIG. 7 in Contexte historique de la collection Félix de Roissy (1771- 1843) de reptiles marins jurassiques des Vaches Noires
FIG. 7. — Vertèbres d'Ophthalmosaurus sp. (Ichthyosauria) du Jurassique (Callovien supérieur ou Oxfordien inférieur) des Vaches Noires de la collection de Roissy: A, B, faces articulaire (A) et latérale (B), MNHN.F.RJN203;C, D, faces articulaire (C) et dorsale (D), MNHN.F.RJN197;E, F, faces articulaire (E) et ventrale (F), MNHN.F.RJN195;G, H, faces articulaire (G) et ventrale (H), MNHN.F.RJN202;I, J, faces articulaire (I) et ventrale (J), MNHN.F.RJN199. Échelle: 5 cm.
Fig. 10 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early
Fig. 10 Results of the phylogenetic analyses. A RSCT of all MPTs of the analysis of the Spiekman et al. (2021b) matrix (consistency index: 0.35; retention index: 0.53). Bootstrap GC frequencies>50% are listed above each branch and Bremer supports>1 are listed below each branch. B SCT of all MPTs of all analyses of the CoArTreeP matrix under implied weighting (k values = 19–24). No-zero weight symmetric resampling absolute (left) and GC (right) frequencies are listed above each branch
Figure 3 in Checklist of marine tetrapods (reptiles, seabirds, and mammals) of Turkey
Figure 3. Monachus monachus, the single critically endangered marine mammal in Turkey (by Cem Orkun Kıraç/SAD-AFAG).
Data from: Tuberculosis-like respiratory infection in 245-million-year-old marine reptile suggested by bone pathologies
An absence of archaeological and palaeontological evidence of pneumonia in the remote past contrasts with its recognition in the more recent archaeologic record. We document an apparent infection-mediated periosteal reaction affecting the dorsal ribs in a Middle Triassic eosauropterygian historically referred to as 'Proneusticosaurus' silesiacus. High-resolution X-ray microtomography (XMT) and histological studies of the pathologically-altered ribs revealed the presence of a continuous solid periosteal reaction with multiple superficial blebs (protrusions) on the visceral surfaces of several ribs. Increased vascularization and elevated lines of arrested growth document that the pathology was the result of a multi-seasonal disease. While visceral surface localization of this periosteal reaction represents the earliest identified evidence for pneumonia, the blebs may have an additional implication: they have only been previously recognized in humans with tuberculosis. Parsimonious with this diagnosis is the presence of focal vertebral erosions, another manifestation of tuberculosis in humans.
Data from: Ecomorphological diversifications of Mesozoic marine reptiles: the roles of ecological opportunity and extinction
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Data from: Tuberculosis-like respiratory infection in 245-million-year-old marine reptile suggested by bone pathologies
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Data from: Tooth occlusal morphology in the durophagous marine reptiles, Placodontia (Reptilia: Sauropterygia)
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