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1,515 results for “marshes”
Fall 2015 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creek bank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2015 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creek bank zones (n = 4 per zone) at GCE sites 1 through 10. Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum and Sesarma reticulatum. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts.
Climate data from the SINERR/GCE/UGAMI weather station at Marsh Landing on Sapelo Island, Georgia, from 01-Jan-2016 to 31-Dec-2016
Air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, precipitation, photosynthetically-available and total solar radiation, and wind speed and direction were measured using an automated Campbell Scientific Instruments climate station installed at Marsh Landing on Sapelo Island, Georgia. Observations were logged at 15 minute intervals throughout the study period. The sensors were mounted on a 10m aluminum tower, with wind sensors mounted at the top, light sensors at approximately 5m, and other sensors at 2-3m to minimize interference from the surrounding landscape. This climate station was jointly operated by the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve, the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Project, and University of Georgia Marine Institute.
Long-term Climate data from the SINERR/GCE/UGAMI weather station at Marsh Landing on Sapelo Island, Georgia, from 03-Jan-2003 to 31-Dec-2019
Air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, precipitation, photosynthetically-available and total solar radiation, and wind speed and direction were measured using an automated Campbell Scientific Instruments climate station installed at Marsh Landing on Sapelo Island, Georgia. Observations were logged at 15 minute intervals throughout the study period. The sensors were mounted on a 10m aluminum tower, with wind sensors mounted at the top, light sensors at approximately 5m, and other sensors at 2-3m to minimize interference from the surrounding landscape. Annual data sets from 2003 to 2019 were then synthesized and standardized to create a long-term, monotonic time series data set that will be updated annually. This climate station was jointly operated by the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve, the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Project, and University of Georgia Marine Institute.
Chemical speciation of copper in a salt marsh estuary near Sapelo Island, Georgia
The concentrations of dissolved copper (Cud), copper-binding ligands, thiourea-type thiols and humic substances (HSCu) were measured in estuarine waters adjacent to Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA, on a monthly basis from April to December 2014. Here we present the seasonal cycle of copper speciation within the estuary and compare it to the development of an annually occurring bloom of ammonia oxidising archaea (AOA) Thaumarchaeota, which require copper for many enzymes. Two types of complexing ligands (L1 and L2) were found to dominate with mean complex stabilities (log K'CuL) of 14.5 and 12.8. Strong complexation resulted in lowering of the free cupric ion (Cu2+) concentration to femtomolar (fM) levels throughout the study and to sub-fM levels during the summer months. A Thaumarchaeota bloom during this period suggests that this organism manages to grow at very low Cu2+ concentrations. Correlation of the concentration of the L1 ligand class with a thiourea-type thiol and the L2 ligand class with HSCu provide convincing evidence for the identity of the ligands. Due to the stronger complex stability, 82 - 99 % of the copper was bound to L1. Thiourea-type thiols form strong Cu(I) species, suggesting that ~90% copper is present as Cu(I) in this region, upsetting the paradigm of its predominance as Cu(II). In view of the very low concentration of free copper (pCu >15 at the onset and during the bloom) and a reputedly high requirement for copper, it is likely that the Thaumarchaeota are able to access the thiol-bound copper directly.
Mesocosm experiment on fresh marsh plant community responses to salinity pulses in 2014 and 2015
We established mesocosm communities using seven freshwater species (Zizaniopsis miliacea, Pontederia cordata, Persicaria hydropiperoides, Peltandra virginica, Ludwigia peploides, Sagittaria lancifolia and Eleocharis palustris) collected in the same freshwater marsh (31°20’16”N, 81°27’52”W) between Apr 19th and Apr 22nd, 2014, and the sediments were collected from a freshwater pond (31°23'54"N, 81°16'47"W) on Sapelo Island, GA at the same time. Our experimental unit was a plastic round swimming pool (h = 18 cm, r = 122 cm) filled to the top with homogenized sediments. Each unit consisted of 2 individuals of Zizaniopsis, Pontederia, Peltandra and Sagittaria, 5 – 8 Persicaria and Ludwigia separately. Eleocharis was mixed up with other species, so there were uneven numbers in each unit. From May 22 to August 19, 2014, the mesocosm communities were treated with three salinity levels (3, 5, and 10 psu: practical salinity units) and five exposure durations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days per month), relative to a freshwater control (n=3 per treatment combination). Except for 30 days treatment which equals saline press treatment, plants were watered with daily freshwater after treated with saline water for 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. Different salinities were achieved by mixing tap water with sea water. We simulated tides during the treatment, by watering the plants every morning and then pumping out the excess water through a 6-in (15 cm) slotted well (constructed of PVC pipe) in the afternoon. From August 20, 2014 to June 30, 2015, all mesocosm communities were flushed with fresh tap water to recover.
Mollusc population abundance monitoring: Fall 2015 mid-marsh and creekbank infaunal and epifaunal mollusc abundance based on collections from GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2015 estimate of infaunal and epifaunal mollusc abundance at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Species abundance was determined by hand-collecting all the infaunal and epifaunal molluscs from within quadrats of known area in mid-marsh and creekbank zones (n = 4 quadrats per zone) at all sites. The molluscs were returned to the lab, fixed in ethanol, transferred to and preserved in ethanol, counted and measured (size data is reported separately). The counts were converted to number per square meter. Gastropod species are listed first, followed by bivalve species. Size distribution data for these collections may be found in the GCE-LTER data set INV-GCEM-1607a.
Mollusc population size distribution monitoring: Fall 2015 mid-marsh and creekbank infaunal and epifaunal mollusc size distributions based on collections from GCE marsh monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2015 report of infaunal and epifaunal mollusc species size distributions at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Infaunal and epifaunal molluscs were hand-collected from within quadrats of known area from mid-marsh and creekbank zones (n = 4 quadrats per zone) at all sites. The molluscs were returned to the lab, preserved in ethanol, measured and counted (count data is reported separately). Length of each measurable individual was determined using calipers or an ocular micrometer mounted in a stereomicroscope. Species abundance and density data for these collections may be found in the GCE-LTER data set INV-GCEM-1607. Numbers of individuals of each species in the abundance data file may not correspond exactly to the numbers of individuals in the size data file because some individuals may not have been measureable.
Fall 2016 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creek bank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2016 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creek bank zones (n = 4 per zone) at GCE sites 1 through 10. Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum and Sesarma reticulatum. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts.
Effect of salt water intrusion on the distribution of invertebrates in a GA tidal freshwater marshes from the GCE Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) project.
To characterize the effect of persistent and episodic salt water intrusion on the distribution of common freshwater marsh invertebrates, we monitored the density of adult and juvenile fiddler crabs and snails. Prior to the start of salt water addition treatments, we collected data on the distribution of crabs and snails in all 30 experimental plots (6 replicates of 5 treatments: pressed salt water addition, pulsed salt water addition, fresh water addition, procedural control structure, and control no structure). In each experimental plot, we counted the number of adult and juvenile fiddler crab burrows and snails visible on the marshs surface in a 50cm x 75cm plot (juvenile fiddler crabs were counted in only half of this area) that was positioned in the Northeastern corner of each experimental plot. Initial data was collected in March 2014. A Bentho Torch was used to measure the concentrations of cyanobacteria, diatoms, and green algae on the marsh surface in 2015 and 2016.
Cross-site comparison of historical trends in marsh change at three LTER sites: GCE, VCR, and PIE.
The data provided here are shapefiles which were generated from digitizing historical maps and aerial photographs for a cross site comparison of changes in marshes at the Plum Island Ecosystem (PIE), Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR), and Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites. This dataset includes shoreline shapefiles digitized for 3 time intervals at each site: 1930s/40s, 1950s/70s, and 2013 as well as a table of results from the shoreline change analysis. Centerlines for all the channels were generated from the shoreline shapefiles and are attributed with Strahler (1965) channel order and sinuosity. Additionally, this dataset includes shapefiles of important features (channels, upland, ponds, tidal flats) digitized for each of three sites at three time intervals.
Climate data from the SINERR/GCE/UGAMI weather station at Marsh Landing on Sapelo Island, Georgia, from 01-Jan-2017 to 31-Dec-2017
Air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, precipitation, photosynthetically-available and total solar radiation, and wind speed and direction were measured using an automated Campbell Scientific Instruments climate station installed at Marsh Landing on Sapelo Island, Georgia. Observations were logged at 15 minute intervals throughout the study period. The sensors were mounted on a 10m aluminum tower, with wind sensors mounted at the top, light sensors at approximately 5m, and other sensors at 2-3m to minimize interference from the surrounding landscape. This climate station was jointly operated by the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve, the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Project, and University of Georgia Marine Institute.
Mollusc population abundance monitoring: Fall 2017 mid-marsh and creekbank infaunal and epifaunal mollusc abundance based on collections from GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2017 estimate of infaunal and epifaunal mollusc abundance at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Species abundance was determined by hand-collecting all the infaunal and epifaunal molluscs from within quadrats of known area in mid-marsh and creekbank zones (n = 4 quadrats per zone) at all sites. The molluscs were returned to the lab, fixed in ethanol, transferred to and preserved in ethanol, counted and measured (size data is reported separately). The counts were converted to number per square meter. Gastropod species are listed first, followed by bivalve species. Size distribution data for these collections may be found in the GCE-LTER data set INV-GCEM-1807a.
Fall 2017 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creek bank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2017 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creek bank zones (n = 4 per zone) at GCE sites 1 through 10. Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum and Sesarma reticulatum. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts.
May to July 2018 regions of interest (ROIs) of tidal marsh and tidal forest plant species to be used as ground reference data in habitat mapping
We collected field data from sites distributed in habitats along the salinity axis of the Altamaha River estuary and the Duplin River to be used as ground reference data for habitat mapping. Regions of interest (ROIs) for tidal marsh (salt, brackish, tidal fresh) and tidal fresh forest vegetation species were generated near ground control points (GCP) by digitizing vegetation areas in ArcGIS 10.4 based on field maps.These observations will be used to create habitat maps from aerial photographs of the Altamaha River estuary, GA taken following Hurricane Irma to better understand how the storm surge affected tidal vegetation and to examine any shifts in vegetation type.
Survey of adult and juvenile periwinkle snail (Littoraria irrorata) density in mid-marsh and creekbank plots at GCE LTER study sites in October 2014.
To characterize spatial variation in the adult and juvenile density of periwinkle snails, Littoraria irrorata, within two zones in the salt marsh, the mid-marsh and creekbank, and across a gradient in salinity and distance to ocean, we surveyed snail density in October 2014. In each marsh zone at each GCE LTER permanent monitoring site, we counted the number of adult and juvenile snails in 8 replicate quadrats.
Survey of adult and juvenile periwinkle snail (Littoraria irrorata) density in mid-marsh and creekbank plots at GCE LTER study sites in October 2015.
To characterize spatial variation in the adult and juvenile density of periwinkle snails, Littoraria irrorata, within two zones in the salt marsh, the mid-marsh and creekbank, and across a gradient in salinity and distance to ocean, we surveyed snail density in October 2015. In each marsh zone at each GCE LTER permanent monitoring site, we counted the number of adult and juvenile snails in 8 replicate quadrats.
Survey of adult and juvenile periwinkle snail (Littoraria irrorata) density in mid-marsh and creekbank plots at GCE LTER study sites in October 2016.
To characterize spatial variation in the adult and juvenile density of periwinkle snails, Littoraria irrorata, within two zones in the salt marsh, the mid-marsh and creekbank, and across a gradient in salinity and distance to ocean, we surveyed snail density in October 2016. In each marsh zone at each GCE LTER permanent monitoring site, we counted the number of adult and juvenile snails in replicate quadrats (8 in creekbank and 12 in mid-marsh zones).
Survey of adult and juvenile periwinkle snail (Littoraria irrorata) density in mid-marsh and creekbank plots at GCE LTER study sites in October 2017.
To characterize spatial variation in the adult and juvenile density of periwinkle snails, Littoraria irrorata, within two zones in the salt marsh, the mid-marsh and creekbank, and across a gradient in salinity and distance to ocean, we surveyed snail density in October 2017. In each marsh zone at each GCE LTER permanent monitoring site, we counted the number of adult and juvenile snails in 8 replicate quadrats.
Variation in Landsat 8-estimated land surface temperature with elevation from Spartina alterniflora marsh cross sections in the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) site and Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR) LTER sites for winter and summer observations spanning 2013-2018
We estimated land surface temperature from top of atmosphere brightness temperature provided by Landsat 8's band 10 (a thermal band). We collected these measurements first for Spartina alterniflora dominated marsh near the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) eddy covariance flux tower. Measurements were collected from pixels along three east-west cross sections that spanned a marsh edge to interior gradient. We extracted Landsat 8 data for all available cloud-free low tide dates during August, September, January and February during the years 2013 to 2018 and associated these with marsh elevation information from a 1 m^2 Digital Elevation Model (DEM), created by Haldik et al 2013, also available from the GCE data catalog (http://dx.doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4c5187ef603f70cd0a77ece24ef0fed9). We rescaled the DEM to the coarser spatial resolution of Landsat 8 (30 x 30 m) where the rescaled elevation was the mean of the constituent DEM values. Ultimately, we used generalized additive models to relate land surface temperature to elevation, while accounting for variation from spatial proximity, transect and sample date. These models revealed that land surface temperature was negatively related to marsh elevation on the marsh platform. We then confirmed the generality of this pattern by rederiving these same relationships for three cross sections of Spartina alterniflora marsh at Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR) LTER for winter sampling dates only (data also included here). DEM data for VCR LTER are available at https://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/gisdata/LIDAR/USGS2015/. We used custom R functions that can convert Landsat 8 top of atmosphere brightness temperature or top of atmosphere radiance from band 10 data to land surface temperature, which are available at https://github.com/jloconnell/convert_top_of_atmosphere_thermal_to_land_surface_temperature. Currently, a provisional land surface temperature product is available on earthexplorer.usgs.gov, w
Fall 2018 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creek bank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2018 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creek bank zones (n = 4 per zone) at GCE sites 1 through 10. Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum and Sesarma reticulatum. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts.
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