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Fig. 4 in The Second Ural Centrum in Siluriformes and Its Implication for the Monophyly of Superfamily Sisoroidea (Teleostei, Ostariophysi)

Fig. 4. Caudal skeleton in anterior view: A. Parakysis grandis (Akysidae; MZUSP 63109, 37.8 mm SL), B. Agmus sp. (Aspredinidae; AMNH 97160, disarticulated adult specimen). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 3 in The Second Ural Centrum in Siluriformes and Its Implication for the Monophyly of Superfamily Sisoroidea (Teleostei, Ostariophysi)

Fig. 3. Caudal skeletons in Akysidae: A. Akysis recavus (MZUSP 75128, 24 mm SL), B. Breitensteinia insignis (AMNH 58378, disarticulated adult specimen), C. Parakysis grandis (CMK 7915, 44 mm SL). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 1 in The Second Ural Centrum in Siluriformes and Its Implication for the Monophyly of Superfamily Sisoroidea (Teleostei, Ostariophysi)

Fig. 1. Caudal skeleton of Diplomystes mesembrinus (Diplomystidae; MZUSP 62595, 149 mm SL). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in The Second Ural Centrum in Siluriformes and Its Implication for the Monophyly of Superfamily Sisoroidea (Teleostei, Ostariophysi)

Fig. 2. Caudal skeleton of Helicophagus waandersii (Pangasiidae; UMMZ 186797, 77 mm SL). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 7 in A new species of Trichogenes from the rio Itapemirim drainage, southeastern Brazil, with comments on the monophyly of the genus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 7. Map of distribution of the species of Trichogenes: circle = T. longipinnis, triangle = T. claviger.

Fig. 6 in A new species of Trichogenes from the rio Itapemirim drainage, southeastern Brazil, with comments on the monophyly of the genus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 6. Opercles of species of Trichogenes, lateral views, left sides. a) T. claviger, adult male, MZUSP 105732, paratype; b) T. claviger, adult female, MZUSP 105732; c) T. longipinnis, MZUSP 48108. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 9 in A new species of Trichogenes from the rio Itapemirim drainage, southeastern Brazil, with comments on the monophyly of the genus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 9. Comparison of juvenile specimens of Trichogenes. a) T. claviger, MBML 3290, paratype, 15.9 mm SL; b) T. longipinnis, MZUSP 80933, 16.5 mm SL. Scale bar = 10 mm SL. Photos by V. Barão.

Fig. 2 in A new species of Trichogenes from the rio Itapemirim drainage, southeastern Brazil, with comments on the monophyly of the genus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 2. Lateral views of head of species of Trichogenes. a) T. claviger, MBML 3289, holotype, 50.8 mm SL, immediately after preservation; b) T. longipinnis, MZUSP 83452, 65.2 mm SL. Scale bars = 10 mm. Photos by: J. L. Helmer (a), and V. Barão (b).

Fig. 1 in A new species of Trichogenes from the rio Itapemirim drainage, southeastern Brazil, with comments on the monophyly of the genus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 1. Lateral views of species of Trichogenes. a) T. claviger, new species, MBML 3289, holotype, 50.8 mm SL; b) T. longipinnis, MZUSP 83452, 65.2 mm SL. Scale bars = 10 mm. Photos by V. Barão.

Fig. 1 in Two new species of Hypoptopomatinae from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, with comments on the monophyly of Parotocinclus and the Otothyrini (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Fig. 1. Ventral view of pectoral girdle of Parotocinclus muriaensis, MNRJ 14753, c&s, 27.3 mm SL. Gray = cleithral roof of arrector fossae.

Fig. 2 in Two new species of Hypoptopomatinae from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, with comments on the monophyly of Parotocinclus and the Otothyrini (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Fig. 2. Ventral view of pectoral girdle of Parotocinclus bidentatus, MNRJ 14217, c&s, 32.5 mm SL.

Fig. 3 in Two new species of Hypoptopomatinae from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, with comments on the monophyly of Parotocinclus and the Otothyrini (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Fig. 3. Consensus cladogram of 153 most parsimonious hypotheses of Hypoptopomatinae relationships. See Comparative Material of a complete list of specimens representing each taxon. Numbers correspond to clades in Fig. 2. P. = Parotocinclus.

Fig. 4 in Two new species of Hypoptopomatinae from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, with comments on the monophyly of Parotocinclus and the Otothyrini (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Fig. 4. Most parsimonious cladogram selected by successive weighting. Character-state changes optimized by accelerated transformation are as follows (unambiguous transformations are italicized). Clade 34: 9:1, 20:0, 22:1, 38:2,41:1. Clade 35: 2:1, 16:1, 33:0, 43:1. Clade 36: 21:1, 24:2, 28:1, 45:1, 47:1. Clade 37: 6:1, 10:0, 17:1, 24:1; 25:1, 27:2, 29:1, 33:2, 36:1, 42:1. Clade 38: 7:1, 13:1, 14:1, 18:0, 19:1, 20:1, 31:0, 38:1, 54:0. Clade 39: 30:3, 37:0. Clade 40: 15:0. Clade 41: 49:1. Clade 42: 54:1. Clade 43: 3:0, 15:1. Clade 44: 31:0, 56:1. Clade 45: 44:1, 52:1. Clade 46: 55:0. Clade 47: 3:0. Clade 48: 32:0, 37:0, 52:1. Clade 49: 35:1. Clade 50: 31:1, 34:1. Clade 51: 55:1, 56:0. Clade 52: 27:0, 31:0, 32:1. Clade 53: 39:2. Clade 54: 14:1. Clade 55: 8:1, 39:1. Clade 56: 12:1, 23:1, 27:2, 42:1, 49:1, 57:0. Clade 57: 50:1. Clade 58: 11:1. Clade 59: 3:1, 30:2, 53:2. Clade 60: 10:1, 31:1, 51:1, 52:2, 57:1. Clade 61: 5:1, 13:2, 18:1, 27:1, 30:1, 37:1, 53:1, 56:1.

Fig. 7. Parotocinclus muriaensis, holotype MNRJ 28528, 31.0 in Two new species of Hypoptopomatinae from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, with comments on the monophyly of Parotocinclus and the Otothyrini (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Fig. 7. Parotocinclus muriaensis, holotype MNRJ 28528, 31.0 mm SL. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro State: rio Muriaé river (left bank tributary of rio Paraíba do Sul), near intersection of highways BR-356 and RJ-186, 20 km downstream from Itaperuna, Município de Itaperuna.

Figure 6 in An investigation into the cladistic relationships and monophyly of therocephalian therapsids (Amniota: Synapsida)

Figure 6. Comparison of the left lateral skull roof and lower jaws of the akidnognathid Olivierosuchus parringtoni (BPI 3849) (A), the 'hofmeyriid' eutherocephalian Mirotenthes digitipes (UCMP 40467) (B) and the derived whaitsiid Theriognathus (BPI 512) (C). Numbers 11, 61, 83 and 110 refer to selected synapomorphies for the clade of 'hofmeyriids' plus whaitsiids (see Appendix 4). Bold numbers (18, 62, 66) refer to selected synapomorphies for the clade comprising all non-akidnognathid eutherocephalians ('hofmeyriids,' whaitsiids and baurioids). Scale bars equal 10 mm.

Figure 5 in An investigation into the cladistic relationships and monophyly of therocephalian therapsids (Amniota: Synapsida)

Figure 5. Comparison of the ventral skull of the cynodont Procynosuchus delaharpeae (AMNH FR 8220) (A) and a subadult specimen of the akidnognathid therocephalian Olivierosuchus parringtoni (BPI 3849) (B). Numbers 38, 43, 44, 46 and 103 refer to selected therocephalian synapomorphies listed in Appendix 4. Scale bars equal 10 mm.

Figure 2 in An investigation into the cladistic relationships and monophyly of therocephalian therapsids (Amniota: Synapsida)

Figure 2. Hypotheses of therocephalian relationships: A, Hopson & Barghusen (1986); (B) van den Heever (1994). Two hypotheses of basal therocephalian relationships are demonstrated in (B): the 'Pristerosauria' hypothesis (left) and the 'Scylacosauria' hypothesis (right).

Figure 3 in An investigation into the cladistic relationships and monophyly of therocephalian therapsids (Amniota: Synapsida)

Figure 3. An hypothesis of the cladistic relationships of therocephalian therapsids, based on a 50% majority-rule consensus of four most-parsimonious trees (MPTs). Tree length, 260; consistency index (CI), 0.5346; retention index (RI), 0.7763; rescaled CI, 0.4150. Numbers at the nodes indicate consensus indices/bootstrap values. Note that Ictidostoma, Mirotenthes, Hofmeyria, Viatkosuchus, Moschowhaitsia and Theriognathus form a monophyletic clade, and relationships within Baurioidea are illustrated by a pectinate tree topology with Ericiolacerta + Bauria located in a crownward position.

Figure 1 in An investigation into the cladistic relationships and monophyly of therocephalian therapsids (Amniota: Synapsida)

Figure 1. Skulls of selected therocephalians in left lateral view (not to scale): A, the scylacosaurid Glanosuchus (based on van den Heever, 1994); B, the akidnognathid eutherocephalian Moschorhinus (redrawn from Durand, 1991); C, the eutherocephalian Mirotenthes (based on UCMP 40467); D, the whaitsiid eutherocephalian Theriognathus (based on UCM 23381 and Brink, 1980); E, the basal baurioid Ictidosuchoides (modified from Brink, 1960b, 1988); F, the derived baurioid Bauria (redrawn from Brink, 1963). Abbreviations: b d, bowed dentary; c, dominant caniniform; d v p, dentary ventral process; e m pc, edentulous maxillary postcanine plate; ept, epipterygoid; m p, mastoid process; m pc, multicusped postcanines; m sob, maxillary extension of the suborbital bar; p po, postorbital process; pof, postfrontal; prc, precanine; r p, premaxilla rostral process; sq v p, squamosal ventral process.

Figure 4 in An investigation into the cladistic relationships and monophyly of therocephalian therapsids (Amniota: Synapsida)

Figure 4. Temporal distribution and diversification of therocephalian therapsids during the Late Permian and Early Triassic (standardized to the stratigraphy of the Beaufort Group, Karoo Supergroup, southern Africa). Taxon sampling and tree topology are from the consensus tree illustrated in Figure 3. Broken lines indicate uncertain ranges. Temporal distributions are largely reconstructed from Rubidge (1995), Ward et al. (2005) and Abdala et al. (2008).