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FIGURE 5 in A description of the skeletal morphology of Rana pyrenaica (Anura: Ranidae), with comments on functional morphology, ecological adaptation and relationships with other Iberian ranids

FIGURE 5. Comparison of the pterygoid, squamosal, and parasphenoid between Iberian brown frogs. All these elements correspond to frogs with a similar SVL (around 40–50 mm). For facilitating the comparison, bones have been arranged to a similar size and laterality. Arrows: 1, straighter ramus maxillaris on the pterygoid; 2, angulation between the transverse process and the postero-lateral process on the squamosal; 3, thinner and less leaf-shaped anterior process of the parasphenoid; 4, more concave margo posterior.

FIGURE 2 in A description of the skeletal morphology of Rana pyrenaica (Anura: Ranidae), with comments on functional morphology, ecological adaptation and relationships with other Iberian ranids

FIGURE 2. Cranial elements of Rana pyrenaica (BHC-106). A–C: Premaxilla in anterior, posterior and dorsal views; D–E: Maxilla in lateral and medial views; F: Nasal in dorsal view; G–H: Frontoparietal in dorsal and ventral views; I–K: Sphenethmoid in dorsal, ventral and anterior views; L–M: Pterygoid in ventral and dorsal views; N: Squamosal in lateral view; O: Parasphenoid in ventral view; P: Vomer in dorsal view; Q–R: Exoccipital in latero-posterior and dorsal views; S–T: Angular in lateral and dorsal views. Scales = 1 mm.

FIGURE 8 in A description of the skeletal morphology of Rana pyrenaica (Anura: Ranidae), with comments on functional morphology, ecological adaptation and relationships with other Iberian ranids

FIGURE 8. Comparison of the urostyle between Iberian brown frogs. All these elements correspond to frogs with a similar SVL (around 40–50 mm). For facilitating the comparison, bones have been arranged to a similar size and laterality. Arrows: 1, straighter ventral margin of the urostyle; 2, shorter neural crest.

FIGURE 1 in A description of the skeletal morphology of Rana pyrenaica (Anura: Ranidae), with comments on functional morphology, ecological adaptation and relationships with other Iberian ranids

FIGURE 1. Cleared-and-stained specimens. A–C: Skulls (dorsal views), A: Rana pyrenaica (BHC-108); B: Rana iberica (BHC-104); C: Rana temporaria (BHC-114); D–E: Vertebral column (dorsal views), D: Rana pyrenaica (BHC-112); E: Rana iberica (BHC-101); F: Rana temporaria (BHC-114); G and H: Structure of the pectoral girdle (ventral views), G: Rana pyrenaica (BHC-101); H: Rana iberica (BHC-101); I–L: Structure of palmar elements, I: Rana pyrenaica (BHC-110); J: detail of the first digit of the male specimen of Rana pyrenaica (OA94072201), arrow indicates the tubercle on the third phalanx; K: Rana iberica (BHC-103); L: Rana temporaria (BHC-114); M–O: Structure of foot elements. M: Rana pyrenaica (BHC-110); N: Rana iberica (BHC-108); O: Rana temporaria (BHC-114). Scales = 5 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A description of the skeletal morphology of Rana pyrenaica (Anura: Ranidae), with comments on functional morphology, ecological adaptation and relationships with other Iberian ranids

FIGURE 3. Comparison of the maxilla between Iberian brown frogs. All these elements correspond to frogs with a similar SVL (around 40–50 mm). For facilitating the comparison, bones have been arranged to a similar size and laterality. Arrows: 1, inclination of the anterior margin; 2, lamina horizontalis deviating dorsally at its anterior end; 3, lamina horizontalis deviating ventrally at its posterior end.

FIGURE 7 in A description of the skeletal morphology of Rana pyrenaica (Anura: Ranidae), with comments on functional morphology, ecological adaptation and relationships with other Iberian ranids

FIGURE 7. Comparison of the sacrum between Iberian brown frogs. All these elements correspond to frogs with a similar SVL (around 40–50 mm). For facilitating the comparison, bones have been arranged to a similar size and laterality. Arrows: 1, well developed crest on the transverse processes.

FIGURE 4 in A description of the skeletal morphology of Rana pyrenaica (Anura: Ranidae), with comments on functional morphology, ecological adaptation and relationships with other Iberian ranids

FIGURE 4. Comparison of the frontoparietal and sphenethmoid between Iberian brown frogs. All these elements correspond to frogs with a similar SVL (around 40–50 mm). For facilitating the comparison, bones have been arranged to a similar size and laterality. Arrows: 1, slight convexity of the margo orbitalis; 2, straighter margo sagittalis; 3, development of the anterior lateral processes; 4, indentation of the posterior chamber; 5, height of the anterior chambers.

FIGURE 12 in A description of the skeletal morphology of Rana pyrenaica (Anura: Ranidae), with comments on functional morphology, ecological adaptation and relationships with other Iberian ranids

FIGURE 12. Comparison of the femur between Iberian brown frogs. All these elements correspond to frogs with a similar Lcc (around 40–50 mm). For facilitating the comparison, bones have been arranged to a similar size and laterality.

FIGURE 10 in A description of the skeletal morphology of Rana pyrenaica (Anura: Ranidae), with comments on functional morphology, ecological adaptation and relationships with other Iberian ranids

FIGURE 10. Comparison of the humerus and radioulna between Iberian brown frogs. All these elements correspond to frogs with a similar SVL (around 40–50 mm). For facilitating the comparison, bones have been arranged to a similar size and laterality.

FIGURE 9 in A description of the skeletal morphology of Rana pyrenaica (Anura: Ranidae), with comments on functional morphology, ecological adaptation and relationships with other Iberian ranids

FIGURE 9. Comparison of the scapula and coracoid between Iberian brown frogs. All these elements correspond to frogs with a similar SVL (around 40–50 mm). For facilitating the comparison, bones have been arranged to a similar size and laterality. Arrows: 1, medial constriction of the scapula; 2, distance between the internal crest and the anterior margin of the scapula; 3, concavity of the anterior margin and slenderness of the medial part of the coracoid.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

From Galaxy Zoo DECaLS to BASS+MzLS: detailed galaxy morphological classification with unsupervised domain adaption

This repository contains the data released in the paper "From Galaxy Zoo DECaLS to BASS+MzLS: Detailed Galaxy Morphological Classification with Unsupervised Domain Adaption". We release detailed galaxy morphological classification in DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (LIS) DECaLS, BASS, MzLS for m_r<17.77 galaxies and z<0.15. -morphology_GZD.csv contains prediction for DESI LIS DECaLS footprint. -morphology_BMz.csv contains prediction for DESI LIS BASS+MzLS footprint. They include the information about: ra, dec, {question}_{answer}_alpha,{question}_{answer}_prob,{question}_{answer}_var Predictions of the Dirichlet parameter alpha for each galaxy on each feature of each problem, with all the original multiple MC Dropout results, are included to make it easier for you to know all the original predictions.

dryad32/100

Data from: Testing the divergent adaptation of two congeneric tree species on a rainfall gradient using eco-physio-morphological traits

In tropical Africa, evidence of widely distributed genera transcending biomes or habitat boundaries has been reported. The evolutionary processes that allowed these lineages to disperse and adapt into new environments are far from being resolved. To better understand these processes, we propose an integrated approach, based on the eco-physio-morphological traits of two sister species with adjacent distributions along a rainfall gradient. We used wood anatomical traits, plant hydraulics (vulnerability to cavitation, wood volumetric water content and hydraulic capacitance) and growth data from the natural habitat, in a common garden, to compare species with known phylogeny, very similar morphologically, but occupying contrasting habitats: Erythrophleum ivorense (wet forest) and Erythrophleum suaveolens (moist forest and forest gallery). We identified some slight differences in wood anatomical traits between the two species associated with strong differences in hydraulics, growth, and overall species distribution. The moist forest species, E. suaveolens had narrower vessels and intervessel pits, and higher vessel cell-wall reinforcement than E. ivorense. These traits allow a high resistance to cavitation and a continuous internal water supply of the xylem during water shortage, allowing a higher fitness during drought periods, but limiting growth. Our results confirm a trade-off between drought tolerance and growth, controlled by subtle adaptations in wood traits, as a key mechanism leading to the niche partitioning between the two Erythrophleum species. The generality of this trade-off and its importance in the diversification of the African tree flora remains to be tested. Our integrated eco-physio-morpho approach could be the way forward.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Computer simulations show that Neanderthal facial morphology represents adaptation to cold and high energy demands, but not heavy biting

Three adaptive hypotheses have been forwarded to explain the distinctive Neanderthal face: 1) an improved ability to accommodate high anterior bite forces, 2) more effective conditioning of cold and/or dry air, and, 3) adaptation to facilitate greater ventilatory demands. We test these hypotheses using three-dimensional models of Neanderthals, modern humans, and a close outgroup (H. heidelbergensis), applying finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This is the most comprehensive application of either approach applied to date and the first to include both. FEA reveals few differences between H. heidelbergensis, modern humans and Neanderthals in their capacities to sustain high anterior tooth loadings. CFD shows that the nasal cavities of Neanderthals and especially modern humans condition air more efficiently than does that of H. heidelbergensis, suggesting that both evolved to better withstand cold and/or dry climates than less derived Homo. We further find that Neanderthals could move considerably more air through the nasal pathway than could H. heidelbergensis or modern humans, consistent with the propositions that, relative to our outgroup Homo, Neanderthal facial morphology evolved to reflect improved capacities to better condition cold, dry air, and, to move greater air volumes in response to higher energetic requirements.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Functional and morphological adaptation in DNA protocells via signal processing prompted by artificial metalloenzymes

Data underlying the figures in the publication “Functional and morphological adaptation in DNA protocells via signal processing prompted by artificial metalloenzymes”, published in Nat. Nanotechnol., 2020, 15, 914–921. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0761-y">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0761-y</a> Table of contents: 1. Dataset; Excel file containing the numerical data for Figure 3: Metathesis kinetics, mutant screenings and crowding. 2. Experimental Information; Word file containing the experimental protocols for synthesis and analysis.

Figure 5 in Terellia fuscicornis (Diptera: Tephritidae): biological and morphological adaptation on artichoke and milk thistle

Figure 5. Third instar larva of Terellia fuscicornis. (A) Typical cephalopharyngeal skeleton; (B) posterior spiracle; (C) anterior spiracle.

Figure 2 in Terellia fuscicornis (Diptera: Tephritidae): biological and morphological adaptation on artichoke and milk thistle

Figure 2. Wing measurements for the morphometric studies on adult flies. Ww, wing width; Ldm, length of the distal medial vein; LR4+5, length of the third radial cell.

Figure 9 in Terellia fuscicornis (Diptera: Tephritidae): biological and morphological adaptation on artichoke and milk thistle

Figure 9. Plot of principal components 1 and 2 for female specimens of Terellia fuscicornis of Silybum-associated population (population 1) and artichoke-associated population (population 2) including the variable ovipositor length.

Figure 1 in Terellia fuscicornis (Diptera: Tephritidae): biological and morphological adaptation on artichoke and milk thistle

Figure 1. Map of Lebanon showing the sites of collection for Silybum marianum and artichoke. North Lebanon: (1) Batroun Co.; Mount Lebanon: (2) Jbeil Co., (3) Kesrouan Co., (4) Metn Co., (5) Baabda Co., (6) Aley Co., (7) Chouf Co.; Bequaa Valley: (8) Zahleh Co.; South Lebanon: (9) Jezzine Co., (10) Saida Co., (11) Nabatiyyeh Co.

Figure 6 in Terellia fuscicornis (Diptera: Tephritidae): biological and morphological adaptation on artichoke and milk thistle

Figure 6. Plot of principal components 1 and 2 for all specimens of Terellia fuscicornis of Silybum-associated population (population 1) and artichoke-associated population (population 2).

Figure 8 in Terellia fuscicornis (Diptera: Tephritidae): biological and morphological adaptation on artichoke and milk thistle

Figure 8. Plot of principal components 1 and 2 for female specimens of Terellia fuscicornis of Silybum-associated population (population 1) and artichoke-associated population (population 2).