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126 results for “morphological disparity”
Supplementary data from: Decoupling of morphological disparity and taxonomic diversity during the end-Permian mass extinction
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Data from: Morphological disparity in theropod jaws: comparing discrete characters and geometric morphometrics
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Data from: Genetic and morphological disparity are decoupled
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Data from: Decoupling of taxonomic diversity and morphological disparity during decline of the Cambrian trilobite family Pterocephaliidae
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Nested whole-genome duplications coincide with diversification and high morphological disparity in Brassicaceae
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Data from: A new Pliosaurus species (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia: new insights on the Tithonian morphological disparity of mandibular symphyseal morphology
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Data from: Static dental disparity and morphological turnover in sharks across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction
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Data from: Comparable disparity in the appendicular skeleton across the fish-tetrapod transition, and the morphological gap between fish and tetrapod postcrania
Appendicular skeletal traits are used to quantify changes in morphological disparity and morphospace occupation across the fish–tetrapod transition and to explore the informativeness of different data partitions in phylogeny reconstruction. Anterior appendicular data yield trees that differ little from those built from the full character set, whilst posterior appendicular data result in considerable loss of phylogenetic resolution and tree branch rearrangements. Overall, there is a significant incongruence in the signals associated with pectoral and pelvic data. The appendicular skeletons of fish and tetrapods attain similar levels of morphological disparity (at least when data are rarefied at the maximum sample size for fish in our study) and occupy similarly sized regions of morphospace. However, fish appear more dispersed in morphospace than tetrapods do. All taxa show a heterogeneous distribution in morphospace, and there is a clear separation between fish and tetrapods despite the presence of several evolutionarily intermediate taxa.
Data from: Morphological and biomechanical disparity of crocodile-line archosaurs following the end-Triassic extinction
Mesozoic crurotarsans exhibited diverse morphologies and feeding modes, representing considerable ecological diversity, yet macroevolutionary patterns remain unexplored. Here we employ a unique combination of morphological and biomechanical disparity metrics to quantify the ecological diversity and trophic radiations of Mesozoic crurotarsans, using the mandible as a morpho-functional proxy. We recover three major trends. First, the diverse assemblage of Late Triassic crurotarsans was morphologically and biomechanically disparate, implying high levels of ecological variation; but, following the end-Triassic extinction, disparity declined. Second, the Jurassic radiation of marine thalattosuchians resulted in very low morphological disparity but moderate variation in jaw biomechanics, highlighting a hydrodynamic constraint on mandibular form. Third, during the Cretaceous terrestrial radiations of neosuchians and notosuchians, mandibular morphological variation increased considerably. By the Late Cretaceous, crocodylomorphs evolved a range of morphologies equaling Late Triassic crurotarsans. In contrast, biomechanical disparity in the Cretaceous did not increase, essentially decoupling from morphology. This enigmatic result could be attributed to biomechanical evolution in other anatomical regions (e.g. cranium, dentition or postcranium), possibly releasing the mandible from selective pressures. Overall, our analyses reveal a complex relationship between morphological and biomechanical disparity in Mesozoic crurotarsans that culminated in specialized feeding ecologies and associated lifestyles.
FIGURES 32–33. H. planus Thon, 1899 in Larval morphology of Hydryphantes clypeatus Thor, 1899, H. dispar Schaub, 1888 and H. planus Thon, 1899 (Acari, Hydrachnidia: Hydryphantidae)
FIGURES 32–33. H. planus Thon, 1899, larva: 32, dorsal view; 33, ventral view. Scale bar: 50 µm.
Figure 8 from: Veeravechsukij N, Krailas D, Namchote S, Wiggering B, Neiber MT, Glaubrecht M (2018) Molecular phylogeography and reproductive biology of the freshwater snail Tarebia granifera in Thailand and Timor (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae): morphological disparity versus genetic diversity. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 461-493. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.28981
Figure 8 Frequency of ontogenetic stages in the subhemocoelic brood pouches of female Tarebiagranifera (Lamarck, 1816) (morph B) depending on occurrence in Thailand. Blue dots: mitochondrial clade A; pink dots: mitochondrial clade B. Size classes are assigned different colours in the pie charts (see legend) and rivers are coloured according to drainage systems; numbers at the pie charts refer to the total number of dissected specimens and the number of gravid females (in parentheses). The small letters refer to the stations Chiang Mai (a), Ko Samui (b) and Phuket (c) for which meteorological data representing the different climatic regions of Thailand were analysed (see Fig. 12).
Figure 4 from: Veeravechsukij N, Krailas D, Namchote S, Wiggering B, Neiber MT, Glaubrecht M (2018) Molecular phylogeography and reproductive biology of the freshwater snail Tarebia granifera in Thailand and Timor (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae): morphological disparity versus genetic diversity. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 461-493. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.28981
Figure 4 Bayesiam 50% majority-rule consensus tree showing two major mitochondrial clades in Tarebiagranifera (Lamarck, 1816). Numbers at the nodes correspond to posterior probabilities (left), maximum likelihood (middle) and maximum parsimony (right) bootstrap values. At the tips of the tree voucher numbers (see material list in the main part of the text), country codes (THA: Thailand; TIM: Timor Leste; IDN: Indonesia) and the river where specimens were collected are indicated. The inset map shows the distribution of mitochondrial clades in Thailand (clade A: blue dots; clade B: magenta dots) and major river systems. The letters a–c in the map refer to localities, for which climatic data were available (see also Fig. 12). The inset with box plots shows the altitudinal distribution of mitochondrial caldes A and B, respectively.
Figure 6 from: Veeravechsukij N, Krailas D, Namchote S, Wiggering B, Neiber MT, Glaubrecht M (2018) Molecular phylogeography and reproductive biology of the freshwater snail Tarebia granifera in Thailand and Timor (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae): morphological disparity versus genetic diversity. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 461-493. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.28981
Figure 6 Results of biometric (a–d) and geometric morphometrics study (e), for four different morphs (A,B,C,Timor) of Tarebiagranifera (Lamarck, 1816). Boxplots of (a) shell height, (b) shell width, (c) height of the last three whorls and (d) index of height of last three whorls agaianst shell width. Significant differences between groups are indicated by bars above the boxplots (e) Relative variance in shell shape along PC1 and PC2. Colour corresponding planes indicate the spread of each morph in the data set.
Figure 2 from: Veeravechsukij N, Krailas D, Namchote S, Wiggering B, Neiber MT, Glaubrecht M (2018) Molecular phylogeography and reproductive biology of the freshwater snail Tarebia granifera in Thailand and Timor (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae): morphological disparity versus genetic diversity. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 461-493. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.28981
Figure 2 Shells of Tarebiagranifera (Lamarck, 1816) from Timor and Thailand. a. Syntypes (MHNG 1093/72/1-4) from Timor. b–g. Morph A, i.e. specimens from Thailand corresponding to T.granifera (SUT 0514044, SUT 0516123, SUT 0515088, SUT 0515068, SUT 0515059, SUT 0516144). h–m. Morph B, i.e. specimens from Thailand corresponding to named T.lineata (Gray, 1828) (SUT 0515081, SUT 0514046, SUT 0516129, SUT 0515092, SUT 0515095, SUT 0516143). n–s. Morph C from Thailand (SUT 0515079, SUT 0516126, SUT 0515055, SUT 0515091, SUT 0516147, SUT0516142). t–y. Shells of T.granifera from Timor Leste (ZMH 119364, ZMH 119359, ZMH 119357, ZMH 119353, ZMH 119363, ZMH 119361). For locality data, see the material list in the main part of the text. Scale bar: 10 mm.
Figure 12 from: Veeravechsukij N, Krailas D, Namchote S, Wiggering B, Neiber MT, Glaubrecht M (2018) Molecular phylogeography and reproductive biology of the freshwater snail Tarebia granifera in Thailand and Timor (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae): morphological disparity versus genetic diversity. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 461-493. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.28981
Figure 12 Proportions of gravid vs. non-gravid specimens of Tarebiagranifera (Lamarck, 1816) collected in different months within a given year, plotted on climate charts for localities that are representative for different climatic regimes in Thailand. (a) Chiang Mai for inland locations; (b) Ko Samui for the Gulf of Thailand; (c) Phuket for the Andaman Sea (see also Fig. 8). For colour coding, see the inset legend.
Figure 10 from: Veeravechsukij N, Krailas D, Namchote S, Wiggering B, Neiber MT, Glaubrecht M (2018) Molecular phylogeography and reproductive biology of the freshwater snail Tarebia granifera in Thailand and Timor (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae): morphological disparity versus genetic diversity. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 461-493. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.28981
Figure 10 Composition of contents of the subhemocoelic brood pouches of female Tarebiagranifera (Lamarck, 1816) (a, c) and proportions of gravid animals, i.e. those with filled brood pouch, versus non-gravid specimens (b, d) from Thailand and Timor Leste. a. Composition of contents of the brood pouches for morph A, B and C from Thailand (THA) and specimens from Timor Leste (see Figs 1, 8 and 9). b. Proportion of gravid vs. non-gravid specimens for morph A, B and C from Thailand and specimens from Timor Leste. c. Composition of contents of the brood pouches for mitochondrial clades A and B, respectively (see also Figs 4, 8, 9). d. Proportion of gravid vs. non-gravid specimens for mitochondrial clades A and B, respectively. For colour coding, see the inset legends.
Figure 1 from: Veeravechsukij N, Krailas D, Namchote S, Wiggering B, Neiber MT, Glaubrecht M (2018) Molecular phylogeography and reproductive biology of the freshwater snail Tarebia granifera in Thailand and Timor (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae): morphological disparity versus genetic diversity. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 461-493. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.28981
Figure 1 Distribution of the freshwater thiarid snail Tarebiagranifera (Lamarck, 1816) across its range in Southeast Asia, with the focus on occurrences in Thailand, contrasted with type and topotypical material from the island of Timor. Asteriks: type locality of "Melania" granifera Lamarck, 1816, reconstructed to originate from near Kupang in western Timor (see text for more details); black dots: sequenced material used in this study; white dots: shell material from museum collections analysed and literature records; white dots with black dot inside: wet material preserved in ethanol.
Figure 9 from: Veeravechsukij N, Krailas D, Namchote S, Wiggering B, Neiber MT, Glaubrecht M (2018) Molecular phylogeography and reproductive biology of the freshwater snail Tarebia granifera in Thailand and Timor (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae): morphological disparity versus genetic diversity. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 461-493. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.28981
Figure 9 Frequency of ontogenetic stages in the subhemocoelic brood pouches of female Tarebiagranifera (Lamarck, 1816) depending on occurrence in Thailand and Timor Leste. a. Morph A in Thailand; b. Morph C in Thailand; c. Timor Leste. Blue dots: mitochondrial clade A; pink dots: mitochondrial clade B. Size classes are assigned different colours in the pie charts (see legend) and rivers are coloured according to drainage systems; numbers at the pie charts refer to the total number of dissected specimens and the number of gravid females (in parentheses).
Figure 5 from: Veeravechsukij N, Krailas D, Namchote S, Wiggering B, Neiber MT, Glaubrecht M (2018) Molecular phylogeography and reproductive biology of the freshwater snail Tarebia granifera in Thailand and Timor (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae): morphological disparity versus genetic diversity. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 461-493. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.28981
Figure 5 Molecular analysis of Tarebia. a–b. Median-joining haplotype networks based on 16S (a) and cox1 (b) sequence data of Tarebiagranifera (Lamarck, 1816). The size of each circle represents the frequency of a haplotype and the colour refers to main mitochondrial clades obtained from the phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 4; blue: clade A, magenta: clade B). Tick marks between circles represent evolutionary steps. c. Results of the bGMYC analysis. Colouration of the matrix cells represents pairwise probabilities of conspecificity. d. Dated molecular tree (only unique haplotypes were included). Numbers at the nodes are node ages in Ma, bars represent 95% highest posterior probabilitiy intervals.
Figure 7 from: Veeravechsukij N, Krailas D, Namchote S, Wiggering B, Neiber MT, Glaubrecht M (2018) Molecular phylogeography and reproductive biology of the freshwater snail Tarebia granifera in Thailand and Timor (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae): morphological disparity versus genetic diversity. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 461-493. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.28981
Figure 7 Results of biometric (a–d) and geometric morphometrics study (e), for the two mitochondiral clades of Tarebiagranifera (Lamarck, 1816) found in this study. Boxplots of (a) shell height, (b) shell width, (c) height of the last three whorls and (d) index of height of last three whorls agaianst shell width. Significant differences between groups are indicated by bars above the boxplots (e). Relative variance in shell shape along PC1 and PC2. Colour corresponding planes indicate the spread of each morph in the data set.
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