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661 results for “nose”
Population genetics as a tool to elucidate pathogen reservoirs: Lessons from Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of White-Nose disease in bats
<p>Emerging infectious diseases pose a major threat to human, animal, and plant health. The risk of species-extinctions increases when pathogens can survive in the absence of the host. Environmental reservoirs can facilitate this. However, identifying such reservoirs and modes of infection is often highly challenging. In this study, we investigated the presence and nature of an environmental reservoir for the ascomycete fungus <i>Pseudogymnoascus destructans</i>, the causative agent of White-Nose disease. Using 18 microsatellite markers, we determined the genotypic differentiation between 1,497 <i>P. destructans</i> isolates collected from nine closely situated underground sites where bats hibernate (i.e., hibernacula) in Northeastern Germany. This approach was unique in that it ensured that every isolate and resulting multi-locus genotype was not only present, but also viable and therefore theoretically capable of infecting a bat. The distinct distribution of multi-locus genotypes across hibernacula demonstrates that each hibernaculum has an essentially unique fungal population. This would be expected if bats become infected in their hibernaculum (i.e., the site they spend winter in to hibernate) rather than in other sites visited before they start hibernating. In one hibernaculum where both the walls and the hibernating bats were sampled at regular intervals over five consecutive winter seasons (1,062 isolates), higher genotypic richness was found on walls compared to bats and multi-locus genotypes showed a stable frequency over multiple winters. This clearly implicates hibernacula walls as the main environmental reservoir of the pathogen, from which bats become re-infected annually during hibernation.</p>
Singing strategies are linked to perch use on foraging territories in heart-nosed bats
<p>These data include the GPS data of 14 VHF telemetry tracked heart-nosed bats (<em>Cardioderma cor</em>) and associated singing behavior collected during the long dry season (May to October) in Tanzania. These data were used to establish that singing occurs on nighttime foraging areas, and that foraging areas are exclusive and repeatedly used, supporting the hypothesis that <em>C. cor</em> maintain individualistic foraging territories with singing. Times and locations of singing are included in the data set and linked to the GPS waypoints of perches individuals used repeatedly during then 4-6 nights of tracking. GPS data is organized by list of separate waypoints and whether they were used for singing. Furthermore, individuals sit in trees and sing for long stretches of time, and thus these durations were subsampled into 2 minute intervals and associated with the perch location to create a dateset of points for Kernal Density Estimates. Times and perch locations for KDE, including associated singing behavior, are also included. Finally, singing duration of each individual is broken down by perch, night, and hour. Of the 14 tracked individuals, 13 are male (one of which stopped singing soon after tracking commenced) and one is a nonsinging female. </p>
Host traits and environment interact to drive persistence of bat populations impacted by white-nose syndrome
<p>Emerging infectious diseases have resulted in severe population declines across diverse taxa. In some instances, despite attributes associated with high extinction risk, disease emergence and host declines are followed by host stabilization for unknown reasons. While host, pathogen, and the environment are recognized as important factors that interact to determine host-pathogen coexistence, they are often considered independently. Here, we use a translocation experiment to disentangle the role of host traits and environmental conditions in driving the persistence of remnant bat populations a decade after they declined 70-99% due to white-nose syndrome and subsequently stabilized. While survival was significantly higher than during the initial epidemic within all sites, protection from severe disease only existed within a narrow environmental space, suggesting host traits conducive to surviving disease are highly environmentally dependent. Ultimately, population persistence following pathogen invasion is the product of host-pathogen interactions that vary across a patchwork of environments.</p>
Data for The genetics monopolistic industry, as expected, is missing information two inches beyond their nose: in this case, transcripts
<p><strong>De novo transcriptome assembly is one of the many fundamental pieces of new research in genomics. It is, for example, the preferred method for studying non-model organisms, since it is easier and cheaper than building a genome, and reference methods are not possible without an existing genome. The transcriptomes of these organisms can thus reveal novel proteins and their isoforms that are implicated in such unique biological phenomena. This technique is also useful in cancer research as it makes possible to detect potentially significant chimeric transcripts in cancer and normal somatic tissues.</strong></p> <p><strong>Given that the genetics industry is organized in the form of a monopoly controlled by hidden lobbies who also control Academia, all the available software for de novo transcriptome assembly is being developed by academic researchers under the open-source paradigm. We report here, that as anyone could have very easily deduced from past experiences in other industries, this unethical form of organization in the industry is resulting in incompetence whose effects include missing a significant portion of the available information that could be obtained from some genomics studies. In this case, missing transcripts in transcriptome studies. We won't deep in on the consequences, but these could include overpricing, over costs, and failing to achieve the goals of some studies.</strong></p>
Figs 13–17 in The longest-nosed Mesozoic Fulgoroidea (Homoptera): a new family from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Figs 13–17. Dorytocus ornithorhynchus sp. n., paratype instar II nymph: 13 – dorsal
Figs 1–7 in The longest-nosed Mesozoic Fulgoroidea (Homoptera): a new family from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Figs 1–7. Dorytocus ornithorhynchus sp. n., holotype instar V nymph: 1 – dorsal view; 2
Figs 8–12 in The longest-nosed Mesozoic Fulgoroidea (Homoptera): a new family from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Figs 8–12. Dorytocus ornithorhynchus sp. n., paratype instar III nymph: 8 – dorsal view;
Figs. 1–4 in A new genus of the tooth-nosed snout weevils (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae) from Philippines
Figs. 1–4. Luzonorhynchites crassifemoratus sp. n. 1 – paratype, male, habitus, dorsal
Pendant on the nose of the horse 01
Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Khaibullinsky District. Necropolis Perevolochan-1. Kurgan number 11. Suspension number 1. The applied suspension of the superimposed belt of the horse bridle. Iron. Forging. Iron Age. Chronology: second half of the 4th century BC. Sarmatian culture. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Maori Nguru (nose flute)
Carved from a whale's tooth this Maori Nguru (nose flute) has a tiki figure on one side. A tiki is an ancestral figure and they are often carved on flutes and pendants for good luck. Small musical instruments (Taonga Puoro) such as these were attached to cords and worn as ornaments hung around the neck. You can see more images and information about this object on [our website](http://heritage.southwark.gov.uk/objects/7320/whistle?ctx=793c383a-d357-4830-b02c-159c7fdcbad7&idx=57). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Exposed Rock - Hope's Nose Devon
Site of special scientific interest & part of the English Riviera Geopark Devonian limestone foreshore showing minerals that have crystallised out through cracks in the limestone Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Sequencing data for seabird eDNA in long-nosed fur seal diets from southeastern Australia
<p>Wildlife conflicts require robust quantitative data on incidence and impacts, particularly among species of conservation and cultural concern. We apply a multi-assay framework to quantify predation in a southeastern Australian scenario where complex management implications and calls for predator culling have grown despite a paucity of data on seabird predation by recovering populations of long-nosed fur seals (<em>Arctocephalus forsteri</em>). We apply two ecological surveillance techniques to analyse this predator's diet – traditional morphometric (prey hard-part) and environmental DNA metabarcoding (genetic) analyses using an avian specific primer for the 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene – to provide managers with estimated predation incidence, number of seabird species impacted and inter-prey species relative importance to the predator. DNA metabarcoding identified additional seabird taxa and provided relative quantitative information where multiple prey species occur within a sample; while parallel use of both genetic and hard-part analyses revealed a greater diversity of taxa than either method alone. Using data from both assays, the estimated frequency of occurrence of predation on seabirds by long-nosed fur seals ranged from 9.1–29.3% of samples and included up to 6 detected prey species. The most common seabird prey was the culturally valued little penguin (Eudyptula minor) that occurred in 6.1–25.3% of samples, higher than previously reported from traditional morphological assays alone. We then explored DNA haplotype diversity for little penguin genetic data, as a species of conservation concern, to provide a preliminary estimate of the number of individuals consumed. Polymorphism analysis of consumed little penguin DNA identified five distinct mitochondrial haplotypes – representing a minimum of 16 individual penguins consumed across 10 fur seal scat samples from 99 sampled across southeastern Australia. We recommend rapid uptake and development of cost-effective genetic techniques and broader spatiotemporal sampling of fur seal diets to further quantify predation and hotspots of concern for wildlife conflict management.</p>
Figure 3 in Additional information on Misonne's swollen-nose gecko, Rhinogecko misonnei de Witte, 1973 (Squamata, Geckonidae) in Iran
Figure 3. Rhinogecko misonnei. (A) ZMSBUK 700; (B) ZMSBUK 701; (C) ZMSBUK 702.
Figure 2 in Additional information on Misonne's swollen-nose gecko, Rhinogecko misonnei de Witte, 1973 (Squamata, Geckonidae) in Iran
Figure 2. The habitat of Rhinogecko misonnei: (A) ZMSBUK 700 and 701; (B) ZMSBUK 702.
Data from: Feeding sites promoting wildlife-related tourism might highly expose the endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) to parasite transmission. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95166-5
<p>An increasing number of studies have found that the implementation of feeding sites for wildlife-related tourism can affect animal health, behaviour and reproduction. Feeding sites can favour high densities, home range overlap, greater sedentary behaviour and increased interspecific contacts, all of which might promote parasite transmission. In the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti), human interventions via provisioning monkeys at specific feeding sites have led to the sub-structuring of a group into genetically differentiated sub-groups. The fed subgroup is located near human hamlets and interacts with domesticated animals. Using high-throughput sequencing, we investigated Entamoeba species diversity in a local host assemblage strongly influenced by provisioning for wildlife-related tourism. We identified 13 Entamoeba species or lineages in faeces of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys, humans and domesticated animals (including pigs, cattle, and domestic chicken). In Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys, Entamoeba prevalence and OTU richness were higher in the fed than in the wild subgroup. Entamoeba polecki was found in monkeys, pigs and humans, suggesting that this parasite might circulates between the wild and domestic components of this local social–ecological system. The highest proportion of faeces positive for Entamoeba in monkeys geographically coincided with the presence of livestock and humans. These elements suggest that feeding sites might indirectly play a role on parasite transmission in the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey. The implementation of such sites should carefully consider the risk of creating hotspots of disease transmission, which should be prevented by maintaining a buffer zone between monkeys and livestock/humans. Regular screenings for pathogens in fed subgroup are necessary to monitor transmission risk in order to balance the economic development of human communities dependent on wildlife-related tourism, and the conservation of the endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey.</p>
Figure 3 in Earliest hog-nosed skunk, Conepatus (Mephitidae, Carnivora), from the early Pliocene of Guanajuato, Mexico and origin of South American skunks
Figure 3. Stratigraphic columns and faunal compositions of GTO 75 and related localities.
Big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) capture records before and after white-nose syndrome
<p>We collated 30 years of big brown bat capture records collected between 1990 to 2020. We collected data from wildlife agencies and researchers in the eastern US. We kept capture records that fell within the months of March through October, representing spring through fall months when bats are surveyed outside of hibernacula. We then paired this data with spatiotemporal spread of the fungal pathogen <em>Pseudogymnoascus destructans</em> (causal agent of white-nose syndrome that kills North American temperate bats), of which, big brown bats are susceptible to infection. The completed dataset represents 30,497 individual big brown bat captures across 3,797 unique sites.</p>
Data for "Formation of topographic benches and noses from the exhumation of crater-filling alluvial strata on Mars"
<p>Numerical model, batch scripts, experiment parameters, and results used for the publication "Formation of topographic benches and noses from the exhumation of crater-filling alluvial strata on Mars".</p>
Figure 1. A in Genetic Relationships of Long-nosed Potoroos Potorous tridactylus (Kerr, 1792) from the Bass Strait Islands, with Notes on the Subspecies Potorous tridactylus benormi Courtney, 1963
Figure 1. A map of Bass Strait and the Bass Strait Islands.
Data from: Geographical variation and discrimination of social calls in male great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats: Do functionally similar calls have similar patterns?
<p><span>Geographical variation in animals' acoustic signals has received much attention. However, few studies have compared the patterns and underlying selective forces driving geographical divergence of vocalizations with similar and different functions within the same species. Also, the social consequences of geographical divergence in acoustic signals are still rather poorly understood. Here we recorded three types of social calls of male great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats (<em>Hipposideros armiger</em>) across eight colonies in China. Two calls share similar functions and the third has a function distinct from the other two. We examined the patterns and causes of geographical variation of each of these calls. We found that all three calls had significant geographic variation with similar patterns of spatial variation. Only one of the two social calls with similar functions was found to be affected by genetic drift, while the other two calls</span> <span>were not affected by selection and drift, or morphological constraints. Furthermore, we found that bats could discriminate between vocalizations of their own colony and those of an allopatric colony. Overall, these results suggest that acoustic signals with similar functions may be shaped by different driving forces and acoustic signals with different functions may exhibit similar geographical patterns. This study expands our limited knowledge of the patterns of geographical variation of vocalizations emitted at different emotional states and highlights the importance of comparing simultaneously patterns and causes of geographical divergence of vocalizations with similar and different functions.</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.