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1,768 results for “nutrient”
Groundwater-derived nutrient fluxes and offshore mixing rates along the New Jersey coast 21-23
Radium isotopes are natural tracers useful for studying the magnitude of groundwater discharge and the transport and fate of nutrients in the coastal ocean. We collected radium and nutrient samples from groundwater and surface waters along the southern New Jersey coast to calculate the flux of groundwater-derived nutrients and coastal mixing rates. These data serve as baselines for assessing future changes in the magnitude and quality of groundwater discharge driven by human activity and climate change.
Nutrient Inputs in Mesocosms of an Oligotrophic Lake Fail to Sustain an Algal Bloom, Lake George, NY, 2019
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, and their frequency in oligotrophic lakes—previously thought resistant to such blooms due to their low nutrient levels—has been increasing. This challenges the traditional view that nutrient loading, a major driver of HABs, is less relevant in low-nutrient systems. To investigate whether nutrient enrichment plays a role in HAB development in oligotrophic lakes, we used in-lake mesocosms to assess the effects of varying nitrogen and phosphorus levels on pelagic communities over a 4-week period. The experiment utilized 20 mesocosms (~2,000 L each), with varying phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations, all maintaining a 30:1 N:P ratio, representing ten distinct nutrient levels (235:8 µg/L [control], 600:20 µg/L, 1200:40 µg/L, 1800:60 µg/L, 2400:80 µg/L, 3000:100 µg/L, 3600:120 µg/L, 4200:140 µg/L, 4800:160 µg/L, and 5400:180 µg/L). Nutrients were added twice a week (Tuesdays and Fridays) to sustain the concentrations, with two replicates for each of the ten treatments, totaling 20 experimental units. Water samples were collected to assess water chemistry at two points during the experiment (days 12 and 26). The water chemistry variables measured included total phosphorus (TP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and chlorophyll a. Phytoplankton abundance and abiotic conditions (dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and turbidity) were monitored on days 5, 7, 10, 13, 17, 19, 21. Grab samples were also collected on day 12 and 26 to identify phytoplankton species/abundance and zooplankton abundance. In this experiment, nutrient additions enhanced the fluorescence of chlorophyll a (indicative of total phytoplankton) and phycocyanin (a proxy for cyanobacteria), these increases plateaued at low nutrient levels and were transient. Phytoplankton species identification and enumeration revealed no significant changes
Characterization of Water Quality, Nutrients, and Algae Under Ice in the St. Louis River Estuary 2013 - 2018
This data package includes physical, chemical, and biological measurements characterizing under-ice and early open-water conditions in the St. Louis River Estuary—a freshwater estuary located at the western tip of Lake Superior. Data were collected annually during February and March from 2013 to 2018, with additional sampling in May and June 2018. Sampling sites were distributed across the estuary to assess spatial variability and investigate potential hypoxia. Field data include in situ water quality measurements (e.g., temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH), light penetration, and snow and ice thickness. Laboratory analyses were conducted on collected samples to quantify nutrients, suspended sediment, and chlorophyll-a concentrations. Phytoplankton samples were collected using plankton nets and preserved in Lugol’s solution for taxonomic identification. Sampling and analysis followed EPA and USGS Standard Methods where applicable to ensure compatibility with other environmental datasets. This dataset fills a critical gap in winter limnology by providing rare observations of under-ice estuarine conditions. It supports ecological research, environmental monitoring, and comparative studies of seasonal dynamics, nutrient cycling, and primary producer communities in Great Lakes coastal wetlands and other northern freshwater systems. The dataset is complete and not ongoing, although data acquired through the System-wide Monitoring Program at the Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve is complementary and ongoing.
Data from: Nutrient enrichment negatively impacts flowers and pollinators, especially in warmer climates
Using data from 14 plant and pollinator communities in three continents, we assessed the effect of different fertilization treatments on plant and pollinator abundance and richness. The 14 sites spanned a wide range of ambient temperature and soil fertility and replicated a long-term nutrient experiment identically. This allowed us to separate the role of nutrients across ambient site conditions to determine whether effects vary with environmental conditions. We found an interactive effect of temperature and soil fertility with nutrient enrichment, with N input having a more negative impact on plants and pollinators in warmer climates. Moreover, the effects on flower abundance were more pronounced in high fertility soils, while plant richness was more affected in poor fertility soils. In general, the effect of nutrient enrichment in colder climates was positive, and pollinators were more responsive to nutrient enrichment than plants. These results highlight the high susceptibility of warmer regions and particularly their pollinators to nutrient enrichment. This chapter is presented in a format in which Results and Discussion sections are written together, to match the format of the Journal selected for future submission.
SGS-LTER Ecosystem Stress Area - long-term density dataset following nutrient enrichment stress on the Central Plains Experimental Range in Nunn, Colorado, USA 1975-2011, ARS Study Number 3 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sgs/520/8. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Water, nitrogen, and water-plus-nitrogen at levels beyond the range normally experience by shortgrass steppe communities were applied from 1971 through 1975, plant densities were sampled through 1977, and then sampling resumed in 1982, with sampling frequencies changing from annually to every other year. The initial sampling from 1970 to 1974 showed that the water and water plus nitrogen treatments had the strongest effect on plant community structure, both treatments increased biomass, and exotic weed species were noted on the water plus nitrogen treatment. Later sampling from 1982 to 1991 showed a ten-fold increase in exotic weed species on the water plus nitrogen plots as compared to the controls (Milchunas and Lauenroth 1995), a community change that has persisted on this site due to a chronic elevation of soil nitrogen caused by a plant tissue/soil organic matter feedback mec
SGS-LTER Ecosystem Stress Area - long-term point-frame (percent basal cover) dataset following nutrient enrichment stress on the Central Plains Experimental Range in Nunn, Colorado, USA 1982-2011, ARS Study Number 3 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sgs/521/7. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Water, nitrogen, and water-plus-nitrogen at levels beyond the range normally experience by shortgrass steppe communities were applied from 1971 through 1975, plant densities were sampled through 1977, and then sampling resumed in 1982, with sampling frequencies changing from annually to every other year. The initial sampling from 1970 to 1974 showed that the water and water plus nitrogen treatments had the strongest effect on plant community structure, both treatments increased biomass, and exotic weed species were noted on the water plus nitrogen treatment. Later sampling from 1982 to 1991 showed a ten-fold increase in exotic weed species on the water plus nitrogen plots as compared to the controls (Milchunas and Lauenroth 1995), a community change that has persisted on this site due to a chronic elevation of soil nitrogen caused by a plant tissue/soil organic matter feedback mec
Effects of chronic nutrient enrichment on plant diversity and ecosystem productivity, 2008-2019
Human activities are enriching many of Earth's ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally reduces plant diversity and increases productivity. The widely demonstrated positive effect of diversity on productivity suggests a potential negative feedback, whereby nutrient induced declines in diversity reduce the initial gains in productivity arising from nutrient enrichment. In addition, plant productivity and diversity can be inhibited by accumulations of dead biomass, which may be altered by nutrient enrichment. Over longer timeframes, nutrient addition may increase soil fertility by increasing soil organic matter and nutrient pools. We examined the effects of 5-11 years of nutrient addition at 47 grasslands in twelve countries. Nutrient enrichment increased aboveground live biomass and reduced plant diversity at nearly all sites, and these effects became stronger over time. We did not find evidence that nutrient induced losses of diversity reduced the positive effects of nutrients on biomass, however nutrient effects on live biomass increased more slowly at sites where litter was also increasing, regardless of plant diversity. This work suggests that short-term experiments may underestimate the long term nutrient enrichment effects on global, grassland ecosystems.
Sensor and nutrient data associated with the article Harrison et al. 2020. Prediction of stream nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from high-frequency sensors using Random Forests Regression
This document describes a dataset used to produce Random Forests Regression models of stream nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from high-frequency sensor data, as reported in: Harrison, J.W., Lucius, M.A., Farrell, J.L., Eichler, L.W., and Relyea, R.A. 2020. Prediction of stream nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from high-frequency sensors using Random Forests Regression. Science of the Total Environment: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143005. The dataset consists of paired values of stream nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and various high-frequency sensor parameters (water temperature, specific conductance, pH, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, turbidity, hydrostatic pressure, soil moisture) collected during baseflow and storm events from 2018 to 2019 as part of routine monitoring of eleven tributaries of Lake George, New York. This dataset does not include raw data; two levels of processing were performed: (1) erroneous values (extreme or otherwise outlying values with no apparent environmental cause) were removed from the sensor data as part of the routine QA/QC process of the Jefferson Project, and (2) one-hour rolling medians of the raw sensor data were calculated at a 1-minute timestep to maximize pairing of sensor data with nutrient concentrations. The resultant dataset was used to train and test the models presented in Harrison et al. 2020.
Absorbed soil nutrients on ion exchange membranes in the reciprocal transplant gardens at Toolik Lake, Coldfoot, and Sagwon in 2016
Transplant gardens at Toolik Lake and Sagwon were established in 2014. At each location, 60 tussocks each from ecotypes of Eriophorum vaginatum from Coldfoot (CF, 67°15′32″N, 150°10′12″W), Toolik Lake (TL, 68°37′44″N, 149°35′0″W), and Sagwon (SG, 69°25′26″N, 148°42′49″W) were transplanted. At the reciprocal transplant gardens, ion exchange membranes were used to measure nutrient availability over two time periods: Early season (June) and mid season (July). Membranes were deployed in the field for either 20 or 21 days, depending on travel constraints.
Ion exchange membrane measure of nutrient availability of the 2015 experimental burn at Toolik Lake Field Station, Alaska 2016
An experimental burn conducted in the summer of 2015 to provide sites for an experiment whether seeds of Eriophorum vaginatum from different ecotypes could establish in recently burned areas. It consisted of ten 2 meter X 2 meter plots along with a similar number of control plots. There was little seedling establishment but other data were collected on the plots. Ion exchange membranes were used to measure nutrient availability over two time periods: Early season (June) and mid season (July).
Relative percent cover and leaf nutrients was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic and non-acid tundra, Arctic LTER Toolik Field Station, Alaska 2015
Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots at Toolik field station in moist acidic and non-acidic tundra in greenhouse and control plots. Leaf percent carbon, percent nitrogen and percent phosphorus were collected from dominant species in greenhouse and control plots on Arctic LTER experimental plots at Toolik field station in moist acidic, non-acidic tundra, wet sedge and shrub tundra
Algal Nutrient Limitation Bioassays in Sycamore Creek, Arizona, USA (2010-2020)
The primary objective of this project is to understand how long-term climate variability and change influence the structure and function of desert streams via effects on hydrologic disturbance regimes. Climate and hydrology are intimately linked in arid landscapes; for this reason, desert streams are particularly well suited for both observing and understanding the consequences of climate variability and directional change. Researchers try to (1) determine how climate variability and change over multiple years influence stream biogeomorphic structure (i.e., prevalence and persistence of wetland and gravel-bed ecosystem states) via their influence on factors that control vegetation biomass, and (2) compare interannual variability in within-year successional patterns in ecosystem processes and community structure of primary producers and consumers of two contrasting reach types (wetland and gravel-bed stream reaches). This dataset addresses patterns of nutrient limitation by primary producers as indicated by *in situ* growth on artificial substrates.
Dissolved inorganic nutrients from CCE LTER process cruises, including 5 macro nutrients from water column bottle sample, 2006 - 2024 (ongoing).
Dissolved inorganic nutrients (phytoplankton macro nutrients) are measured from water column bottle samples from the CCE region (since 2006, ongoing) and include nitrate, nitrite, silicate, phosphate and ammonium. They are analyzed in seawater using a colorimetric assay in which light absorbance is measured versus known standards, and final concentrations are calculated (in µmol/L).
Consequences of non-random tree species loss on litter mass loss, nutrient dynamics, carbon cycling, and decomposer communities across a terrestrial-aquatic interface at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, Otto, NC
Although litter decomposition is a fundamental ecological process, most of our understanding comes from studies of single-species decay. Recently, litter-mixing studies have tested whether monoculture data can be applied to mixed-litter systems. These studies have mainly attempted to detect non-additive effects of litter mixing, which address potential consequences of random species loss. The focus is not on which species are lost, but the decline in diversity per se. Under global change, species loss is likely to be non-random, with some species more vulnerable to extinction than others. Under such scenarios, the effects of individual species (additivity) as well as of species interactions (non-additivity) on decomposition rates are of interest. To examine potential impacts of non-random species loss on ecosystems, we studied additive and non-additive effects of litter mixing on decomposition. A full-factorial litterbag experiment was conducted using four deciduous leaf species, from which mass loss and nitrogen content were measured. Data were analysed using a statistical approach that first looks for additive identity effects based on the presence or absence of species and then significant species interactions occurring beyond those. It partitions non-additive effects into those caused by richness and or composition.
Monitoring of nutrient and sulfide concentrations in porewaters of mangrove forests from the Shark River Slough and Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, December 2000 - ongoing
To monitor soil chemistry in the mangrove sites SRS4, SRS5, SRS6, and SRS7, and TS/Ph6b, TS/Ph7b and TS/Ph8, porewater concentrations of sulfide, PO4, NH4, NO2 and NO3 have been analyzed. See also related porewater-physical-characteristics data package knb-lter-fce.1169 (https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-fce&identifier=1169).
Mangrove soil phosphorus addition experiment from June 2013 to August 2013 at the mangrove peat soil mesocosms (FCE), Key Largo, Florida - Nutrients in Porewater, Soil and Roots
Sea levels in South Florida are conservatively predicted to rise by 0.60 m by 2060. The key mechanisms that maintain coastal peatland elevation against increasing sea level are organic matter accumulation via plant production and mineral sedimentation rates (Smoak et al. 2013). Although coastal mangrove soils are regularly inundated with seawater, little is know about the drivers of carbon sequestration (above or below ground) versus atmospheric efflux under different conditions of salinity and elevated phosphorus (P) associated with sea-level rise and storm surge. A recent study using mangrove peat soils found that seawater inundation reduced soil carbon efflux losses and salinity concentration had little effect on carbon retention or loss pathways. The next logical steps are to understand how plant-soil interactions affect above and below ground carbon processes, as well as how increases in P associated with storm surge from the Gulf of Mexico will influence physical, chemical and biological components of mangrove soils that are associated with above and belowground carbon processes. We will manipulate P in inundated peat soil mesocosms with disturbed and undisturbed red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) seedlings to identify some of the fundamental mechanisms of soil elevation and carbon cycling given expected increases in seawater-based P availability in South Florida coastal mangroves.
Mangrove soil phosphorus addition experiment from July 2013 to August 2013 at the mangrove peat soil mesocosms (FCE), Key Largo, Florida - Nutrients in Surface Water and Aboveground Biomass
Sea levels in South Florida are conservatively predicted to rise by 0.60 m by 2060. The key mechanisms that maintain coastal peatland elevation against increasing sea level are organic matter accumulation via plant production and mineral sedimentation rates (Smoak et al. 2013). Although coastal mangrove soils are regularly inundated with seawater, little is know about the drivers of carbon sequestration (above or below ground) versus atmospheric efflux under different conditions of salinity and elevated phosphorus (P) associated with sea-level rise and storm surge. A recent study using mangrove peat soils found that seawater inundation reduced soil carbon efflux losses and salinity concentration had little effect on carbon retention or loss pathways. The next logical steps are to understand how plant-soil interactions affect above and below ground carbon processes, as well as how increases in P associated with storm surge from the Gulf of Mexico will influence physical, chemical and biological components of mangrove soils that are associated with above and belowground carbon processes. We will manipulate P in inundated peat soil mesocosms with disturbed and undisturbed red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) seedlings to identify some of the fundamental mechanisms of soil elevation and carbon cycling given expected increases in seawater-based P availability in South Florida coastal mangroves.
Sediment and nutrient deposition and plant-soil phosphorus interactions associated with Hurricane Irma (2017) in mangroves of the Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE LTER), Florida
We quantified how Hurricane Irma influenced soil nutrient pools, vertical accretion, and plant phosphorus (P) uptake after its passage across the Florida Coastal Everglades in September 2017. Mangrove leaf litter data from three years (2008, 2014, 2018) were selected for each site at Shark River estuary to identify species-specific foliar P responses post-Wilma’s impact in 2005 and immediate post-Irma’s impact in 2017. We also monitored porewater SRP concentrations in the Shark River mangrove sites to evaluate the effect of Hurricane Irma on soil chemistry. The data in this data package were used in the following paper: Castañeda-Moya, E., V.H. Rivera-Monroy, R.M. Chambers, X. Zhao, L. Lamb-Wotton, A. Gorsky, E.E. Gaiser, T.G. Troxler, J.S. Kominoski, and M. Hiatt. 2020. Hurricanes fertilize mangrove forests in the Gulf of Mexico (Florida Everglades, USA). PNAS. In Press.
Mangrove Leaf Litter Carbon and Nutrients from the Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida, USA, January 2019 - ongoing
Mangrove litterfall dynamics have been monitored in all Shark River sites (SRS-4, SRS-5, SRS-6) since January 2001 using the same collection method stated in Castañeda-Moya et al. 2013 (metadata: knb-lter-fce.1195) and Danielson et al. 2017. Briefly, litterfall was collected monthly at all sites (10 baskets per site) using permanent 0.25 m2 wooden baskets supported approximately 1.3 m above the soil surface and lined with 1 mm mesh screening. Litterfall from each basket was sorted, dried, and weighed by leaf species, reproductive parts by species, and woody material. Leaf litter data from different years (2019, 2020, 2021, 2023) were selected for each site to identify species-specific foliar carbon and nutrient (N and P) content. Monthly leaf litter samples were analyzed separately by species for all years after grinding with a Wiley Mill to pass through a 40-µm mesh screen. Total leaf litter C and N contents were determined with a Carlo-Erba NA-1500 elemental analyzer (Fisons Instruments Inc., Danvers, MA, USA). Total leaf litter P was extracted using an acid-digest (HCl) extraction, and concentrations of SRP were determined by spectrophotometric analysis (Methods 365.4 and 365.2, USA EPA 1983). Litterfall data collection is ongoing every year since 2001, while C and nutrients analyses are performed every other year after 2021. See also Shark River mangrove litterfall data (knb-lter-fce.1195) on the FCE LTER website's data catalog or in the EDI repository (https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-fce&identifier=1195). References: Castañeda-Moya, E., Twilley, R. R., & Rivera-Monroy, V. H. (2013). Allocation of biomass and net primary productivity of mangrove forests along environmental gradients in the Florida Coastal Everglades, USA. Forest Ecology and Management, 307, 226-241. Danielson, T.M., V.H. Rivera-Monroy, E. Castaneda-Moya, H. Briceno, R. Travieso, B.D. Marx, E. Gaiser, and L.M. Farfan. 2017. Assessment of Everglades mangrove forest re
Porewater nutrients, dissolved organics, redox species, and gasses in estuarine intertidal sediments at sites on Sapelo Island and near the Satilla River from Fall 2000 through Fall 2002
Seasonal patterns of estuarine creek-bank sediment porewater nutrients, dissolved organics, redox species and gasses were investigated at several sites on Sapelo Island and the Satilla River in coastal Georgia. Porewater ammonium, nitrate+nitrite, phosphate, silica, dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, reduced iron and manganese, chloride, sulfate, hydrogen sulfide, pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, methane and nitrogen gas were measured at centimeter scale resolution depth profiles with the use of porewater equilibration meters. Several relatively pristine sites on Sapelo Island (Moses Hammock, Dean Creek and Marine Institute), a site slightly impacted by development (White Oak Creek) and a presumably heavily impacted site (Dover Bluff) show different levels and patterns of several porewater constituents.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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