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105 results for “ophiuroids”
FIGURE 7 in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 7. Distribution of Amphiuridae species in the Gulf of Cadiz. A: Amphiura grandisquama (full circles) and Amphiura chiajei (asterisks); B: Amphiura filiformis; C: Amphiura sp. A; D: Amphipholis squamata; E: Amphioplus hexabrachiatus; F: Amphilepis ingolfiana.
FIGURE 3 in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 3. Ophiopristis gadensis sp. nov. A–B: Holotype, C–D: smaller specimen (paratype). A, D: ventral aspect; B, C: dorsal aspect. Scale bars = 1 cm.
FIGURE 6 in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 6: Ophiactis abyssicola. A: ventral aspect; B: oral plates with papillae detail; C: arm dorsally; D: arm ventrally.
FIGURE 2. Ophiacantha aristata. A in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 2. Ophiacantha aristata. A: ventral aspect; B: dorsal aspect; C: disk spinelets; D: arm ventrally; E: arm dorsally.
FIGURE 10 in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 10. Amphioplus hexabrachiatus. Three specimens showing variation in both ventral and dorsal structures. a) and b) represent the largest diameter specimens with indented disk and well defined arrangement of oral papillae. c) and d) mid sized specimen. e) and f) small specimen showing distinct signs of fissiparity. Bar scales = 1mm.
FIGURE 9. Amphioplus hexabrachiatus. A in Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 9. Amphioplus hexabrachiatus. A: ventral aspect; B: oral plates with papillae detail; C: arm ventrally; D: dorsal aspect; E: arm dorsally.
FIGURE 2 in A new phosphatized ophiuroid from the lower Triassic of Nevada and its position in the evolutionary history of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata)
FIGURE 2: Early Triassic paleogeographic reconstruction of the western US. The Lost Cabin Springs Locality is denoted with a green star and the various shades depict the depositional environment during the Early Triassic (modified from Hoffmann et al., 2013).
FIGURE 5 in A new phosphatized ophiuroid from the lower Triassic of Nevada and its position in the evolutionary history of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata)
FIGURE 5: Dissociated disc plates of the ophiuroid Ophiosuperstes praeparvus gen. et sp. nov., from the Virgin Limestone Member of the Moenkopi Formation, Spathian, lower Triassic, Lost Cabin Springs locality, southern Nevada. A: paratype (OPH188), oral plate in abradial view. B: paratype (OPH189), radial shield in external view, with outline of missing proximal tip reconstructed using a dashed grey line. C: paratype (OPH190) adradial genital plate in dorsal view. Abbreviations: AMF: abradial muscle fossa; do: dorsal; LG: longitudinal groove; pr: proximal. All scale bars equal 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new phosphatized ophiuroid from the lower Triassic of Nevada and its position in the evolutionary history of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata)
FIGURE 4: Dissociated arm plates of the ophiuroid Ophiosuperstes praeparvus gen. et sp. nov., from the Virgin Limestone Member of the Moenkopi Formation, Spathian, lower Triassic, Lost Cabin Springs locality, southern Nevada. A–B: holotype (OPH177), proximal lateral arm plate in external view (A) and with detail of spine articulations (B). C–D: paratype (OPH178), median lateral arm plate in external view (C) and with detail of spine articulations (D). E: paratype (OPH179), median lateral arm plate in internal view. F: paratype (OPH181), distal lateral arm plate in external view. G: paratype (OPH180), median lateral arm plate in internal view. H: paratype (OPH182), proximal ventral arm plate in external view. I: paratype (OPH183), median to distal ventral arm plate in external view. J: paratype (OPH184), proximal vertebra in distal view. K: paratype (OPH185), proximal vertebra in ventral view. L: paratype (OPH186), median vertebra in lateral view. M: paratype (OPH187), median vertebra in dorso-distal view. Abbreviations: AS: articular structure; di: distal; DL: dorsal lobe; do: dorsal; MO: muscle opening; NO: nerve opening; pr: proximal; PB: podial basin; SA: spine articulations; TO: tentacle opening; VAR: vertebral articular ridge; VF: ventral furrow; VL: ventral lobe; ZC: zygocondyle; ZS: zygosphene. All scale bars equal 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 6 in A new phosphatized ophiuroid from the lower Triassic of Nevada and its position in the evolutionary history of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata)
FIGURE 6: Arm fragment of Praeaplocoma hessi Broglio Loriga & Berti Cavicchi, 1972, (MHI 1307/nnn) from the Werfen Formation, Lower Triassic, of Weisshorn, Italy. A: arm fragments in ventral view. B: detail of part marked by white rectangle in A. Abbreviations: AS: arm spine; di: distal; LAP: lateral arm plate; MO: muscle opening; NO: nerve opening; SA: spine articulation; TO: tentacle opening; TS: tentacle scale; VAP: ventral arm plate. All scale bars equal 0.2 mm. Arrow in A indicates direction of view shown in B; refer to tentacle scales (TS) for better correspondence between A and B.
FIGURE 1 in A new phosphatized ophiuroid from the lower Triassic of Nevada and its position in the evolutionary history of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata)
FIGURE 1: Locality map of the Virgin Limestone Member at the Lost Cabin Springs Locality, Southern Nevada, Western United States (36°4′57.18′N, 115°39′12.05′W is near the base of the section). (modified from Maxwell, 2020).
FIGURE 3 in A new phosphatized ophiuroid from the lower Triassic of Nevada and its position in the evolutionary history of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata)
FIGURE 3: Morphology-based phylogenetic tree inferred using MrBayes, showing the position of Ophiosuperstes praeparvus gen. et sp. nov. (marked in bold). Numbers at nodes indicate posterior probabilities.
Data from: Contrasting processes drive ophiuroid phylodiversity across shallow and deep seafloors
Our knowledge of the distribution and evolution of deep-sea life is limited, impeding our ability to identify priority areas for conservation. Here we analyse, for the first time, large integrated phylogenomic and distributional datasets of seafloor fauna from sea surface to abyss and equator to pole of the Southern Hemisphere for an entire class of invertebrates (Ophiuroidea). We find that latitudinal diversity gradients are assembled through contrasting evolutionary processes for shallow (0-200 m) and deep (> 200 m) seas. The shallow-water tropical-temperate realm broadly reflects a tropical diversification-driven process but with exchange in both directions. Diversification rates are reversed for the realm containing the deep sea and Antarctica, being highest at polar and lowest at tropical latitudes, and net exchange is from high to low latitudes. The tropical upper bathyal (200-700 m deep), with its rich ancient phylodiversity, is characterised by relatively low diversification and moderate immigration rates. Conversely, the young specialised Antarctic fauna is inferred to be rebounding from regional extinction associated with the rapid cooling of polar waters over the mid-Cenozoic.
Data from: Water vascular system architecture in an Ordovician ophiuroid
Understanding the water vascular system (WVS) in early fossil echinoderms is critical to elucidating the evolution of this system in extant forms. Here we present the first report of the internal morphology of the water vascular system of a stem ophiuroid. The radial canals are internal to the arm, but protected dorsally by a plate separate to the ambulacrals. The canals zig-zag with no evidence of constrictions, corresponding to sphincters, which control pairs of tube feet in extant ophiuroids. The morphology suggests that the unpaired tube feet must have operated individually, and relied on the elasticity of the radial canals, lateral valves and tube foot musculature alone for extension and retraction. This arrangement differs radically from that in extant ophiuroids, revealing a previously unknown Palaeozoic configuration.
Data from: The function of the ophiuroid nerve ring: how a decentralized nervous system controls coordinated locomotion
Echinoderms lack a centralized nervous control system yet each extant echinoderm class has evolved unique and effective strategies for locomotion. Brittle stars (Ophiuroidea) stride swiftly over the seafloor by coordinating motions of their five muscular arms. Their arms consist of many repeating segments, requiring them to use a complex control system to coordinate motions among segments and between arms. We conducted in vivo experiments with brittle stars to analyze the functional role of the nerve ring, which connects the nerves in each arm. These experiments were designed to determine how the ophiuroid nervous system performs complex decision-making and locomotory actions under decentralized control. Our results show that brittle star arms must be connected by the nerve ring for coordinated locomotion, but information can travel bidirectionally around the nerve ring so that it circumvents the severance. Evidence presented indicates that ophiuroids rely on adjacent nerve ring connections for sustained periodic movements. The number of arms connected via the nerve ring is correlated positively with the likelihood that the animal will show coordinated locomotion, indicating that integrated nerve ring tissue is critical for control. The results of the experiments should provide a basis for the advancement of complex artificial decentralized systems.
Data from: Water vascular system architecture in an Ordovician ophiuroid
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Data from: Contrasting processes drive ophiuroid phylodiversity across shallow and deep seafloors
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Data from: The function of the ophiuroid nerve ring: how a decentralized nervous system controls coordinated locomotion
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Fig. 3 in New articulated asteroids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and ophiuroids (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the Late Jurassic (Volgian / Tithonian) of central Spitsbergen
Fig. 3. Savignaster septentrionalis Rousseau & Gale sp. nov. A–B. Holotype PMO 218.000. A. Complete arm and associated interradial area showing chevron ossicles. B. Drawing of holotype showing main morphological features. C. Paratype PMO 217.976, partial arm preserved up to the tip. D. Paratype PMO 217.977, partial arm specimen with elongated, narrow ambulacrals set at nearly right-angle to the arm axis. E. Paratype PMO 217.978, a near complete arm with associated adambulacral spines. F. Paratype PMO 218.008, close-up view of fan-shaped trellis-like adambulacral spines articulated to the lateral margin of the adambulacral. Abbreviations: abact = abactinal ossicle; adamb = adambulacral; amb = ambulacral; cho = chevron ossicle.
FIGURE 1 in Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand
FIGURE 1. New Zealand collection localities.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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