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451 results for “outbreaks”
The effects of water-stress, temperature, and plant traits on the outbreak potential of a specialist and generalist spider mite species (Acari: Tetranychidae)
<p>The host-generalist two-spotted spider mite [<em>Tetranychus</em> <em>urticae</em> (Acari: Tetranychidae); TSM] and host-specialist Banks grass mite [<em>Oligonychus</em> <em>pratensis</em> (Acari: Tetranychidae); BGM] are common pests of corn (<em>Zea</em> <em>mays</em> L.) in the arid western United States. Climate warming and decreased precipitation may promote conditions favored by these spider mites. However, rapid evolution of spider mite resistance to commercially available acaricides is driving the need for alternative solutions for managing outbreaks. Planting of drought-tolerant corn hybrids has been proposed to be a dual-purpose strategy for mitigating water deficits for irrigation and reducing leaf conditions favorable for BGM outbreaks. However, understanding of the mechanisms responsible for reducing the BGM in the field is lacking, and determining whether outbreaks of the TSM can also be averted using drought-tolerant corn is a pressing concern. We conducted a two-year field study testing a drought-tolerant corn hybrid and an analogous drought-susceptible hybrid under water-stress with artificially-infested spider mite populations. Drought-tolerant corn had larger stem diameter, more massive cobs, and greater leaf water mass compared to the drought-susceptible corn under water stress. We also found that the BGM populations were reduced on drought-tolerant plants under water-stress, as expected, but we found an opposite trend in the TSM. Lastly, water-stressed leaves were warmer, transpired less, and had higher carbon concentration, which contributed to larger investment in eggs and growth in the BGM. We anticipate that further evaluation of irrigation and crop drought-tolerance in management of agriculture systems for multiple pest species will be increasingly impactful in arid regions.</p>
Food and waterborne outbreaks data complementing the European Union One Health 2022 Zoonoses Report
<p>Food and waterborne outbreaks data reported under the framework of Directive 2003/99/EC and in accordance with the update of the technical specifications for harmonised reporting of FBOs through the EU reporting system in accordance with Directive 2003/99/EC. This dataset includes the number of outbreaks, as well as the number of human cases, hospitalisations and deaths, per causative agent. In addition, other information can include data on causative agents, food vehicles, and the factors in food preparation and handling that contributed to the food-borne outbreaks. Reporting countries can also provide information on the nature of the evidence supporting the suspicion of the food vehicle. This evidence can be epidemiological, microbiological, descriptive environmental, or based on product tracing investigations. </p>
Data from: Contrasting patterns of female house mouse spatial organisation among outbreaking and stable populations
<p>The size and distribution of home ranges reflects how individuals within a population use, defend, and share space and resources, and may thus be an important predictor of population-level dynamics. In eruptive species like the house mouse in Australian grain growing regions, contrasting space use between stable and outbreaking populations allows us to test predictions regarding social or life history strategies that may contribute to an outbreak. In this study we use spatially explicit capture-recapture models to compare home range overlap (as a proxy for territoriality) in female mice from populations showing different outbreak trajectories. We found that female space use in spring varied between outbreaking and stable populations. Our analysis indicated greater home range overlap in populations with stable trajectories compared to those that would later experience an outbreak, suggesting females in these stable populations may have had greater potential for cooperative group formation as indicated by shared space use. We discuss the results with respect to intrinsic factors, such as kin structure, with potential implications for better predicting mouse outbreaks at a microgeographic scale.</p>
Observational dataset for "Using Satellite and ARM Observations to Evaluate Cold Air Outbreak Cloud Transitions in E3SM Global Storm-Resolving Simulations"
<p>This observational dataset include the DOE ARM ground based observations and satellite for the paper titled “Using Satellite and ARM Observations to Evaluate Cold Air Outbreak Cloud Transitions in E3SM Global Storm-Resolving Simulations” on GRL.</p> <p>For the original data source, all ARM observational data sets used in this study are publicly available from the ARM data archive site (https://adc.arm.gov/discovery/#/results/iopShortName::amf2019comble/datastream::anxarmbeatmM1.c1/datastream::anxarmbecldradM1.c1/datastream::anxarsclkazr1kolliasM1.c0). MODIS MOD06 L2 cloud product are publicly available from (https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MOD06 L2, DOI:10.5067/MODIS/MOD06 L2.061).</p> <p>CloudSat products can be ordered from the CloudSat Data Processing center (https://www.cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu/order/). To download CloudSat data, a new user must first create an account by filling out the signup form (https://www.cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu/accounts/signup/).</p>
Declining survival rates of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) during the first outbreak of sarcoptic mange in Sweden
<p>Rapid declines in red fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations have followed outbreaks of epizootic mange caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. In Sweden, the first outbreak of sarcoptic mange started in 1977/78 and affected the whole country by 1984. Here we used data on number of harvested red foxes from Gävleborg county (18 199 km2) in Sweden between 1970 and 1994. We used data on the prevalence of sarcoptic mange in harvested red foxes from 1974 to 1982. A rapid decline in harvested foxes occurred two to three years after the prevalence of sarcoptic mange first became evident. In the same period, Mark-Recovery data were used to estimate changes in survival rates, and the best model included an effect of age (young or adult) and period (annual) on the survival and recapture probabilities. The analysis was based data from 701 young foxes of which 523 were recovered, and 133 adults of which 131 were recovered. Average annual survival was 0.55 (range=0.53-0.58) for adult and 0.36 (range=0.32-0.39) for young foxes in the three years preceding the outbreak. During the outbreak and the remaining six years of the study, the average survival was reduced to 0.41 (range=0.30-0.48) for adult and to 0.25 (range=0.17-0.30) for young foxes. A population model, based on our results on survival and literature data on fecundity, was developed to project the decline of the fox population. The rate and magnitude of the reduction in the projected population and harvested foxes were similar, with both reduced by almost ninety percent. Harvest statistics indicate the fox population recovered to pre-mange densities in less than 10 years after the first detection of mange indicating a rapid development of resistance in the host. This study shows the importance of long-term population monitoring in combination with large-scale field-experiments to device alternative management options.</p>
Data from: Cascading effects of a disease outbreak in a remote protected area
<p>Disease outbreaks induced by humans increasingly threaten wildlife communities worldwide. Like predators, pathogens can be key top-down forces in ecosystems, initiating trophic cascades that may alter food webs. An outbreak of mange in a remote Andean protected area caused a dramatic population decline in a mammalian herbivore (the vicuña), creating conditions to test the cascading effects of disease on the ecological community. By comparing a suite of ecological measurements to pre-disease baseline records, we demonstrate that mange restructured tightly-linked trophic interactions previously driven by a mammalian predator (the puma). Following the mange outbreak, scavenger (Andean condor) occurrence in the ecosystem declined sharply and plant biomass and cover increased dramatically in predation refuges where herbivory was historically concentrated. The evidence shows that a disease-induced trophic cascade, mediated by vicuña density, could supplant the predator-induced trophic cascade, mediated by vicuña behavior, thereby transforming the Andean ecosystem. </p>
Data from: Comparing the efficacy of control strategies for infectious disease outbreaks using field and simulation studies
<p>Diseases characterized by long distance inoculum dispersal (LDD) are among the fastest spreading epidemics in both natural and managed landscapes. Management of such epidemics is extremely challenging because of asymptomatic infection extending at large spatial scales and frequent escape from the newly established disease sources. We compared the efficacy of area- and timing-based disease management strategies in artificially initiated field epidemics of wheat stripe rust and complemented with simulations from an updated version of the spatially explicit model EPIMUL, using model parameters relevant to field epidemics. The model was further used to expand the number of epidemic mitigations beyond that feasible to incorporate in the field. The field experiment was conducted for two years in two locations having different climatic conditions. Culling and protection treatments were applied at different times after epidemic initiation and to different spatial extents surrounding the outbreaks. In each experiment, treatments were replicated four times in plots 33.5 m long and 1.52 m wide with a 0.76 x 0.76 m inoculated focus centered within each plot. Disease gradients were assessed along the center lines of the plots at 1.52 m intervals both upwind and downwind from the focus. Both field and simulation results indicated that control measures applied over the entire population were highly effective in suppressing the epidemics by more than 99% but may not always be logistically and economically feasible at large spatial scales. Comparison between the variable sized treatment areas and application timings suggested that implementing contiguous premises (CP) cull at 1 day after first sporulation in the outbreak focus reduced rust by 52 and 60% in Corvallis and Madras, respectively. However, altering the cull size did not significantly affect the disease epidemic development, which suggested that early timing had a greater influence in suppressing the epidemics than did increased area of application. However, sufficiently large, treated areas may compensate for a delay in application timing to some extent. Results from these replicated treatments may help to devise appropriate management strategies for other LDD pathogens. </p>
Data and code for: Climate change expected to improve digestive rate and trigger range expansion in outbreaking locusts
<p>Data and code for "Climate change expected to improve digestive rate and trigger range expansion in outbreaking locusts," accepted in <em>Ecological Monographs</em></p>
A Twitter dataset for Monkeypox outbreak in 2022
<p><span><span>Right after the COVID-19 pandemic, the Monkeypox virus has infected people from more than twenty different countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has badly hit the healthcare system, social culture, and the global economy. The world does not have the strength to go through another catastrophe. Thus, it is very important to contain Monkeypox and stop the spread. This dataset includes the tweet id and user id of </span></span><span>2,400,202</span> tweets gathered using keywords related to Monkeypox for researchers to study on different subjects such as Monkeypox trend prediction, Monkeypox stigmatization, and Monkeypox misinformation and fake news detection.</p>
Electronic Supplementary Data to "Zika vector competence data reveals risks of outbreaks: the contribution of the European ZIKAlliance project"
<p>Electronic Supplementary Data to "Zika vector competence data reveals risks of outbreaks: the contribution of the European ZIKAlliance project"</p>
Importance of high-latitude sources for ice-nucleating particles in cold-air outbreaks and the implications for cloud-phase feedback
<p>This dataset contains FLEXPART results and codes for data analysis and visualization used in the MRes research project. </p> <p>Numpy arrays for FLEXPART data are in "data_flexpart.zip" with longitude and latitude coordination files.</p> <p>Codes for data analysis and visualization are in "ipynb.zip". Codes were written in Python language. Codes are categorized by figures in the article. </p>
Tables, Figures and Country Datasets complementing the European Union Summary Report on Zoonoses and Food-borne Outbreaks 2016
<p>All summary tables and figures produced for the European Union Summary Report on Zoonoses and Food-borne Outbreaks 2016 are provided.</p> <p>The Appendix file (Excel file) allows the user to filter by chapter the corresponding summary tables and figures with their abbreviated file name and titles.</p> <p>Lastly, all country data are published as supporting information to this report</p>
Data from: Consequences of repeated sarcoptic mange outbreaks in an endangered mammal population
<p>Diseases and parasites are important drivers of population dynamics in wild mammal populations. Small and endangered populations that overlap with larger, reservoir populations are particularly vulnerable to diseases and parasites, especially in ecosystems highly influenced by climate change. Sarcoptic mange, caused by a parasitic mite (Sarcoptes scabiei), constitutes a severe threat to many wildlife populations and is today considered a panzootic. The Scandinavian arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is endangered with a fragmented distribution and is threatened by e.g., red fox (Vulpes vulpes) expansion, prey scarcity and inbreeding depression. Moreover, one of the subpopulations in Scandinavia has suffered from repeated outbreaks of sarcoptic mange during the past decade, most likely spread by red foxes. This was first documented in 2013 and then again 2014, 2017, 2019, 2020 and 2021. We used field inventories and wildlife cameras to follow the development of sarcoptic mange outbreaks in this arctic fox subpopulation with specific focus on disease transmission and consequences for reproductive output. In 2013-14, we documented visual symptoms of sarcoptic mange in about 30% of the total population. Despite medical treatment, we demonstrate demographic consequences where the number of arctic fox litters plateaued and litter size was reduced after the introduction of S. scaibei. Furthermore, we found indications that mange likely was transmitted by a few arctic foxes travelling between several dens, i.e., "super-spreaders". This study highlights sarcoptic mange as a severe threat to small populations and can put the persistence of the entire Scandinavian arctic fox population at risk.</p>
Fig. 1 in Circulating dengue virus serotypes and vertical transmission in AEdES larvae during outbreak and inter-outbreak seasons in a high dengue risk area of Sri Lanka
Fig. 1 Map of Sri Lanka showing the location of Mawanella, the study area
A Labelled Dataset for Sentiment Analysis of Videos on YouTube, TikTok, and other sources about the 2024 outbreak of Measles
<p><strong>Please cite the following paper when using this dataset:</strong></p> <p>N. Thakur, V. Su, M. Shao, K. Patel, H. Jeong, V. Knieling, and A. Bian “A labelled dataset for sentiment analysis of videos on YouTube, TikTok, and other sources about the 2024 outbreak of measles,” Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII 2024), Washington, USA, 29 June - 4 July 2024. (Accepted as a Late Breaking Paper, Preprint Available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.07693" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.07693</a>)</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains the data of 4011 videos about the ongoing outbreak of measles published on 264 websites on the internet between January 1, 2024, and May 31, 2024. These websites primarily include YouTube and TikTok, which account for 48.6% and 15.2% of the videos, respectively. The remainder of the websites include Instagram and Facebook as well as the websites of various global and local news organizations. For each of these videos, the URL of the video, title of the post, description of the post, and the date of publication of the video are presented as separate attributes in the dataset. After developing this dataset, sentiment analysis (using VADER), subjectivity analysis (using TextBlob), and fine-grain sentiment analysis (using DistilRoBERTa-base) of the video titles and video descriptions were performed. This included classifying each video title and video description into (i) one of the sentiment classes i.e. positive, negative, or neutral, (ii) one of the subjectivity classes i.e. highly opinionated, neutral opinionated, or least opinionated, and (iii) one of the fine-grain sentiment classes i.e. fear, surprise, joy, sadness, anger, disgust, or neutral. These results are presented as separate attributes in the dataset for the training and testing of machine learning algorithms for performing sentiment analysis or subjectivity analysis in this field as well as for other applications. The paper associated with this dataset (please see the above-mentioned citation) also presents a list of open research questions that may be investigated using this dataset.</p>
Month-to-month proportion of LSD-vaccinated animals at regional level (NUTS3) in south-eastern Europe since January 2016 until November 2017 and reported LSD outbreaks
<p>The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), under request of the European Commission, performed an epidemiological analysis of the lumpy skin disease (LSD) epidemics based on the data collected from the affected and at-risk Member States and non-EU countries in south-eastern Europe. The video at the link below shows the month-to-month proportion of LSD-vaccinated animals at regional level (NUTS3) since January 2016 until November 2017 and reported LSD outbreaks per month (red dots are the new outbreaks each month, grey dots are past outbreaks).</p> <p> </p> <p>*This designation is without prejudice to positions on status and is in line with UNSCR 1244 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo Declaration of Independence.</p>
Spatio-temporal distribution of LSD outbreaks in the Balkan region since deecember 2016 until November 2017 and cattle density (animals/square km)
<p>The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), under request of the European Commission, performed an epidemiological analysis of the lumpy skin disease (LSD) epidemics based on the data collected from the affected and at-risk Member States and non-EU countries in south-eastern Europe. Spatial and temporal (monthly) distribution of LSD outbreaks reported in the Balkan region between December 2016 and November 2017 and cattle density (animals/square km) shown as green shade (for Bosnia and Herzegovina data at regional level are not available). LSD outbreaks were reported in this time frame only in Albania, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Greece. Red and grey dots indicate new and past outbreaks, respectively.</p> <p>*This designation is without prejudice to positions on status and is in line with UNSCR 1244 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo Declaration of Independence</p>
Tables, Figures and Country Datasets complementing the European Union Summary Report on Zoonoses and Food-borne Outbreaks 2017
<p>All summary tables and figures produced for the European Union Summary Report on Zoonoses and Food-borne Outbreaks 2017 are provided.</p> <p>The Appendix file (Excel file) allows the user to filter by chapter the corresponding summary tables and figures with their abbreviated file name and titles.</p> <p>Lastly, all country data are published as supporting information to this report.</p>
LSD outbreaks and vaccination in South Eastern Europe
<p>In this map the dots represent the outbreaks of lumpy skin disease, a cattle disease with large economic impact, that in 2012 was spreading in Middle East, affecting Israel, and Lebanon. In 2013 lumpy skin disease expanded to Jordan, Egypt, Iraq and Turkey, where in 2014 it spread all over the country. In 2015 lumpy skin disease reached the western part of Turkey and in summer 2015 it entered Eastern Greece. After the winter 2015-2016 the disease reappeared in Spring 2016 and spread over the Balkan region, into Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Albania, Kosovo, Serbia and Montenegro. After the disease entered Greece, a regional vaccination campaign based on LSD homologous strain vaccine started in the Balkan region. In this map the different shades of blue represent the percentage of animals vaccinated. By the end of 2017 the number of outbreaks had fallen by 95% and remain concentrated in area with the lowest vaccination coverage. However, the disease had not been eliminated therefore the vaccination program continued. In 2018 no outbreaks have been reported in the Balkan region, showing the high effectiveness of the coordinated regional vaccination campaign. On the other side outbreaks were still reported in Turkey, especially in the eastern part of the country, in Georgia and in Russia, where the disease is moving northwards and eastwards.</p>
Data and code: Outbreak and Wildfire Severity BC
<p>This is the first release of data and code for outbreak severity and wildfire severity in British Columbia.</p> <p>This file contains code and data for original research evaluating the effect of mountain pine beetle outbreaks on wildfire severity in British Columbia, Canada that was published in Ecosphere.</p> <p><br> Citation for data and code: Talucci, A. C. 2019. Data and code: Outbreaks and wildfire British Columbia. GitHUB Repository. https://github.com/taluccia/outbreak-wildfire-severity-BC/releases/tag/v1.0.0. 10.5281/zenodo.2648051</p> <p>Access Ecosphere paper: https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.2744</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.