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447 results for “parasitic nematode”
It's a wormy world: Meta-analysis reveals several decades of change in the global abundance of the parasitic nematodes Anisakis spp. and Pseudoterranova spp. in marine fishes and invertebrates
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Data from: Trade‐off between reproductive and anti‐competitor abilities in an insect–parasitic nematode–bacteria symbiosis
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Data from: The origin, deployment, and evolution of a plant-parasitic nematode effectorome
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Data from: Gene expression response to a nematode parasite in novel and native eel hosts
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Transcriptional patterns of sexual dimorphism and in host developmental programs in the model parasitic nematode Heligmosomoides bakeri
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Age specific impacts of vegetation functional traits on gastro-intestinal nematode parasite burdens in a large herbivore
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Towards genetic modification of plant-parasitic nematodes: Delivery of macromolecules to male germlines and expression of exogenous mRNA in second stage juveniles
<p>Plant-parasitic nematodes are a current and future threat to food security, causing an estimated 100 billion USD in crop losses each year. The most problematic are the obligate sedentary endoparasites (primarily root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes). Progress in understanding their biology is held back by a lack of tools for functional genetics. Forward genetics is largely restricted to studies of natural variation in populations, and reverse genetics is entirely reliant on RNA interference. There is an expectation that the development of functional genetic tools would accelerate progress in plant-parasitic nematology, and hence the development of novel control solutions. Here, we develop some of the foundational biology required to deliver a functional genetic "tool kit" in plant-parasitic nematodes. We characterise the gonads of male <em>Heterodera schachtii</em> and Meloidogyne hapla in the context of spermatogenesis. We test and optimise various methods for the delivery, expression, and/or detection of exogenous nucleic acids in plant-parasitic nematodes. We demonstrate that delivery of macromolecules to cyst and root knot nematode male germlines is difficult but possible. Similarly, we demonstrate the delivery of oligonucleotides to root knot nematode gametes. Finally, we develop a transient expression system in plant-parasitic nematodes by demonstrating the delivery and expression of exogenous mRNA encoding various reporter genes throughout the body of <em>H. schachtii</em> juveniles using lipofectamine-based transfection. We anticipate these developments to be independently useful, and, taken together, will expedite the development of genetic modification protocols for sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, and ultimately catalyze research on a group of nematodes that threaten global food security.</p>
FIGURE 4 in A morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of relationships between genera of the nematode sub-family Cloacininae (Stossich) (Strongyloidea Chabertiidae) parasitic in kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos (Marsupialia Macropodoidea)
FIGURE 4. Morphological phylogenetic analysis of the genera of the Cloacininae. Numerals represent bootstrap values.
FIGURE 5 in A morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of relationships between genera of the nematode sub-family Cloacininae (Stossich) (Strongyloidea Chabertiidae) parasitic in kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos (Marsupialia Macropodoidea)
FIGURE 5. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of available representatives of the Cloacininae based on ITS+ sequence data. GenBank registration numbers for sequence data follow each taxon. Numerals represent posterior probabilities.
FIGURE 1 in A morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of relationships between genera of the nematode sub-family Cloacininae (Stossich) (Strongyloidea Chabertiidae) parasitic in kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos (Marsupialia Macropodoidea)
FIGURE 1. Buccal capsules of representative genera of the Cloacininae (lateral views). A. Rugopharynx rosemariae Beveridge & Presidente (Pharyngostrongylinea); B. Cyclostrongylus kartana (Mawson) (Pharyngostrongylinea); C. Thallostonema lichtenfelsi Beveridge (Zoniolaiminea); D. Tethystrongylus coronatus Beveridge (Zoniolaiminea); E. Parazoniolaimus collaris Johnston & Mawson (Labiostrongylinea); F. Labiostrongylus labiostrongylus Yorke & Maplestone (Labiostrongylinea); G. Rugostrongylus labiatus (Davey & Wood) (Pharyngostrongylinea); H. Pharyngostrongylus kappa Mawson (Pharyngostrongylinea); I. Macroponema comani Mawson (Macropostrongylinea); J. Popovastrongylus pearsoni (Johnston & Mawson) (Coronostrongylinea); K. Popovastrongylus macropodis Beveridge (Coronostrongylinea); L. Alocostoma clelandi (Johnston & Mawson) (Macropostrongylinea); M. Cloacina hydriformis Johnston & Mawson (Cloacininea); N. Monilonema ochetocephalum Beveridge (Macropostrongylinea); O. Wallabinema thylogale Beveridge (Zoniolaiminea); P. Woodwardostrongylus petrogale Beveridge (Pharyngostrongylinea); Q. Dorcopsinema simile Smales (Labiostrongylinea); R. Zoniolaimus mawsonae Beveridge (Zoniolaiminea); S. Coronostrongylus coronatus Johnston & Mawson (Coronostrongylinea); T. Papillostrongylus labiatus Johnston & Mawson (Coronostrongylinea). Figures redrawn from: Beveridge, 1982 (A, B, G, H); Beveridge, 1983 (C, D, O, R), Beveridge, 1986a (tribe Macropostrongylinea) (I); Beveridge, 1986b (Popovastrongylus) (J, K); Beveridge, 1986c (Alocostoma) (L); Beveridge, 1986d (Molinonema) (N); Beveridge, 1998a (P); Beveridge, 1998b (M); Beveridge, 2002 (S); Chilton et al., 2002 (T); Huby-Chilton et al., 2002 (R); Smales, 2002 (E), 1994 (F), 1999 (Q).
FIGURE 3 in A morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of relationships between genera of the nematode sub-family Cloacininae (Stossich) (Strongyloidea Chabertiidae) parasitic in kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos (Marsupialia Macropodoidea)
FIGURE 3. Oesophagi of representative genera of the Cloacininae. A. Cloacina metis Beveridge; B. Coronostrongylus coronatus Johnston & Mawson; C. Wallabinema thylogale Beveridge; D. Spirostrongylus spirostrongylus Yorke & Maplestone; E. Pharyngostrongylus kappa Mawson; F. Zoniolaimus mawsonae Beveridge; G. Thallostonema lichtenfelsi Beveridge; H. Labiomultiplex eugenii (Johnston & Mawson) (Labiostrongylinea). Figures redrawn from Beveridge, 1982 (D, E); Beveridge, 1983 (C, G); Beveridge, 1998a (A); Beveridge, 2002 (B); Huby-Chilton et al., 2002 (F); Smales, 1994 (H).
FIGURE 2 in A morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of relationships between genera of the nematode sub-family Cloacininae (Stossich) (Strongyloidea Chabertiidae) parasitic in kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos (Marsupialia Macropodoidea)
FIGURE 2. Features of the oral region of representative genera of the Cloacininae. A. Anterior extremity of buccal capsules of Thallostonema lichtenfelsi Beveridge (Zoniolaiminea); B. Monilonema ochetocephalum Beveridge (Macropostrongylinea); C. Alocostoma propinquum Beveridge (Macropostrongylinea); D. Macroponema comani Mawson (Macropostrongylinea); E. Rugopharynx rosemariae Beveridge & Presidente (Pharyngostrongylinea); Apical views of the mouth opening: F. Cyclostrongylus kartana (Mawson) (Pharyngostrongylinea); G. Woodwardostrongylus petrogale Beveridge (Pharyngostrongylinea); H. Papillostrongylus labiatus Johnston & Mawson, 1939 (Coronostrongylinea); I. Zoniolaimus mawsonae Beveridge (Zoniolaiminea); J. Wallabinema thylogale Beveridge (Zoniolaiminea); K. Pharyngostrongylus kappa Mawson (Pharyngostrongylinea); L. Popovastrongylus pearsoni (Johnston & Mawson) (Coronostrongylinea); M. Dorcopsistrongylus ewini Purwaningsih & Smales (Pharyngostrongylinea); N. Tethystrongylus coronatus Beveridge (Zoniolaiminea); O. Thallostonema lichtenfelsi Beveridge (Zoniolaiminea); P. Labiostrongylus labiostrongylus Yorke & Maplestone (Labiostrongylinea); Q. Dorcopsinema simile Smales (Labiostrongylinea). Figures redrawn from Beveridge, 1982 (E, F, K); Beveridge, 1983 (A, J, N, O); Beveridge, 1986a (D, H); Beveridge, 1986b (L); Beveridge, 1986c (C); Beveridge, 1986d (B); Beveridge, 1998a (G); Huby-Chilton et al., 2002 (I); Purwaningsih & Smales, 2010 (M); Smales, 1994 (P); Smales, 1999 (Q).
Data from: Aging alters interspecific competition between two sympatric insect-parasitic nematode species
Interspecific competition can vary depending on the stage, age, or physiological state of the competitors. Competitive ability often increases with age or size; alternatively, senescence can lead to a loss of viability and reduced competitive success. Differences between species in their age-specific competitive abilities can promote coexistence in the face of substantial niche overlap. We examined two sympatric species of nematodes (genus Steinernema) to determine whether their competitive relationship changes as a function of age. These obligately killing insect parasites are known for their broad host ranges and are transmitted from insect to insect via a juvenile stage propagule that is free-living in the soil. Here, we tested whether the two species differed in the effects of age by examining the mortality of insect hosts infected with young or old transmission stage nematodes of each species. We also performed mixed infections, where an equal ratio of both species was simultaneously exposed to a host, to determine the effect of age on competitiveness. One species showed reduced performance with age, as older propagules were slower at inducing host mortality. In contrast, the other species increased in killing speed with age. In competition, insect mortality rate was predictive of competitive outcome, such that if one species induced considerably faster host death in a single-species infection, it was competitively dominant in the coinfection. Accordingly, we found a shift in the competitive relationship between the two species with age. Our work demonstrates that species differences in the effects of aging can lead to dramatic shifts in reproductive success. As these effects are realized solely in a competitive environment, both spatial patchiness and temporal niche partitioning may be important for promoting coexistence.
FIGURE 1. Phasmarhabditis bonaquaense n in Phasmarhabditis bonaquaense n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new slug-parasitic nematode from the Czech Republic
FIGURE 1. Phasmarhabditis bonaquaense n. sp. drawings: Dauer juveniles A–B. A: DJs, head region; B: DJs, tail region. Males C–F. C: male, tail region, ventral view; D: male, tail region, lateral view; E: male, head region; F: male, spicule (left) and gubernaculum (right). Scale 20 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Phasmarhabditis bonaquaense n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new slug-parasitic nematode from the Czech Republic
FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic relationships of the Phasmarhabditis species and other related species based on analysis of D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA. Oscheius tipulae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were used as outgroup taxa. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (10 000 replicates) are shown next to the branches. Branch lengths indicate evolutionary distances and are expressed in the units of number of base differences per site.
FIGURE 7 in Phasmarhabditis bonaquaense n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new slug-parasitic nematode from the Czech Republic
FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic relationships of the Phasmarhabditis species and other related species based on analysis of ITS rDNA regions. Oscheius tipulae was used as outgroup taxon. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (10 000 replicates) are shown next to the branches. Branch lengths indicate evolutionary distances and are expressed in the units of number of base differences per site.
FIGURE 5 in Phasmarhabditis bonaquaense n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new slug-parasitic nematode from the Czech Republic
FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic relationships of the Phasmarhabditis species and other related species based on analysis of 18S rDNA. Oscheius tipulae was used as outgroup taxon. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (10 000 replicates) are shown next to the branches. Branch lengths indicate evolutionary distances and are expressed in the units of number of base differences per site. Only clades with support values greater than 60% are shown.
FIGURES 1–7 in Nematode parasites of two species of Chaunus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Corrientes, Argentina
FIGURES 1–7. Nematodes parasites of Chaunus fernandezae and Chaunus bergi from Argentina. 1. Cosmocerca podicipinus, male, spicules, gubernaculum, adanals papillaes and unpaired papillae on anterior lip of anus, ventral view. 2. C. parva, bulb, details of valves. 3. C. parva, male, spicules, gubernaculum, adanals papillaes and unpaired papillae on anterior lip of anus, ventral view. 4. Ortleppascaris sp. (larvae), anterior end of body, dorsal view. 5. Ortleppascaris sp. (larvae), tail, lateral view. 6. Physaloptera sp. (larvae), anterior end of body, ventral view. 7. Physaloptera sp. (larvae), tail, lateral view. (Scale bar figures: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7: 50 µm; figure 4: 200 µm).
FIGURE 99 in A review of the nematode genus Labiobulura (Ascaridida: Subuluridae) parasitic in bandicoots (Peramelidae) and bilbies (Thylocomyidae) from Australia and rodents (Murinae: Hydromyini) from Papua New Guinea with the description of two new species
FIGURE 99. Distributions of bandicoots, Isoodon and Perameles species, across Australia. Closed squares represent general localities where Labiobulura species have been collected.
FIGURE 98 in A review of the nematode genus Labiobulura (Ascaridida: Subuluridae) parasitic in bandicoots (Peramelidae) and bilbies (Thylocomyidae) from Australia and rodents (Murinae: Hydromyini) from Papua New Guinea with the description of two new species
FIGURE 98. Anterior ends of Labiobulura(Labiobulura) spp. showing pharyngeal lobes of the buccal apparatus. A, L. baylisi lateral view showing the nuchal notch; B, L. baylisi dorso ventral view; C, L.inglisi lateral view; D, L.inglisi dorso ventral view; E, L. peramelis lateral view; F, L. peramelis dorso ventral view; G, L. quentini lateral view; H, L. quentini dorso ventral view. Scale bars: 50 μm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.