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FIGURE 9 in What nymphal morphology can tell us about parental investment - a group of cockroach hatchlings in Baltic amber documented by a multi-method approach
FIGURE 9. Comparison of volume renderings of one nymph of BSPG 1967 XX generated by Amira 5.6 (left) and Drishti 2.4 (right) (images with system based pseudocolour). Note especially the differences of the level of details in the marked areas (arrows).
FIGURE 8 in What nymphal morphology can tell us about parental investment - a group of cockroach hatchlings in Baltic amber documented by a multi-method approach
FIGURE 8. Close-ups of maxillary palp of one nymph of BSPG 1967 XX. 1, Palp of red-coloured nymph in Figure 4 documented with stereo imaging. Images presented as red-cyan stereo-anaglyphs; please use red-cyan glasses to view, red left, cyan right. 2-4, Close-ups of volume rendering of maxillary palp and part of antenna of red-coloured nymph in Figure 4; documented at three different grey values. 5, Combined version of 2-4, arrows point to setae. Abbreviations are the same as in Figures 2 and 4.
FIGURE 7 in What nymphal morphology can tell us about parental investment - a group of cockroach hatchlings in Baltic amber documented by a multi-method approach
FIGURE 7. Comparison of mouthparts of one nymph of BSPG 1967 XX and first instar of Periplaneta americana. 1-3, Surface reconstruction of the mouthparts of one nymph in amber; based on micro-CT data. Same individual as in Figure 2, about lateral (1 and 3) and frontal (2) views. 4-5, Head with mouthparts of first instar nymph of P. americana; frontal view of the head (4) and colour-marked close-up image of the mouthparts (5), composite autofluorescence image. Abbreviations: hp, hypopharynx; lb, labium; lp, labial palp; mx, maxilla. Other abbreviations are the same as in Figures 2 and 4.
FIGURE 5 in What nymphal morphology can tell us about parental investment - a group of cockroach hatchlings in Baltic amber documented by a multi-method approach
FIGURE 5. Volume renderings of one nymph of BSPG 1967 XX (red-coloured specimen in Figure 4) in about lateral (1-2), ventral (3-4), and dorsal (5) views generated with Drishti 2.4 based on micro-CT data. Abbreviations: cl, clypeus; co I, coxa of prothoracic leg; fe I, femur of prothoracic leg; lr, labrum; md, mandible; pt I, praetarsus of prothoracic leg (tibial claw); ta I, tarsus of prothoracic leg; ti I, tibia of prothoracic leg; a1–a7, abdominal segments 1–7. Other abbreviations are the same as in Figure 2.
FIGURE 6 in What nymphal morphology can tell us about parental investment - a group of cockroach hatchlings in Baltic amber documented by a multi-method approach
FIGURE 6. Nymphs of the extant species Periplaneta americana (1-3) and Blaberus craniifer (4-5). 1-3, Hatchling of P. americana in dorsal (1), lateral (2), and ventral (3) views documented with compound microscope. 4-5, Early instar nymph of Blaberus craniifer in ventral (4) and dorsal (5) views documented with composite autofluorescence microscopy. Abbreviations: co III, coxa of metathoracic leg; fe III, femur of metathoracic leg; ta III, tarsus of metathoracic leg; ti III, tibia of metathoracic leg. Other abbreviations are the same as in Figure 2 and 4.
FIGURE 3 in What nymphal morphology can tell us about parental investment - a group of cockroach hatchlings in Baltic amber documented by a multi-method approach
FIGURE 3. Overview of BSPG 1967 XX, documented with stereo imaging from all available sides of the specimen (1- 3). Images presented as red-cyan stereo-anaglyphs; please use red-cyan glasses to view.
FIGURE 1 in What nymphal morphology can tell us about parental investment - a group of cockroach hatchlings in Baltic amber documented by a multi-method approach
FIGURE 1. Overview of BSPG 1967 XX, part of the Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich. Germany; documented with composite imaging. Single piece of Baltic amber with inclusion of 13 cockroach nymphs.
FIGURE 2 in What nymphal morphology can tell us about parental investment - a group of cockroach hatchlings in Baltic amber documented by a multi-method approach
FIGURE 2. Close-ups of nymphs in amber (BSPG 1967 XX). 1, Overview of a single nymph (red-coloured specimen in Figure 4). 2, Head with antennae and maxillary palp equipped with setae of specimen in 1, compound eyes not observable. 3, Cerci equipped with setae (blue-coloured specimen in Figure 4). 4, Close-up of antenna equipped with setae (yellow-coloured specimen in Figure 4), arrows point to setae. Abbreviations: a4–a6, abdominal segments 4–6; an, antenna; ce, cercus; hc, head capsule; mp, maxillary palp; ms, mesonotum; mt, metanotum; pn, pronotum; pl, coxa of prothoracic leg; ta, terminal article of the antenna.
FIGURE 4 in What nymphal morphology can tell us about parental investment - a group of cockroach hatchlings in Baltic amber documented by a multi-method approach
FIGURE 4. Overview images of BSPG 1967 XX. 1-3, Colour-marked versions of Figure 3 (different individuals marked in different colours, same individuals marked in same colour in different viewing angles). 4-5, Volume renderings based on micro-CT data (Amira) (different viewing angles in 4 and 5). 6, Tomographic section from micro-CT image stack (red-coloured specimen in 1 and 2), inner structures are not preserved.
FIGURE 10 in What nymphal morphology can tell us about parental investment - a group of cockroach hatchlings in Baltic amber documented by a multi-method approach
FIGURE 10. Blattodean nymphs in Baltic amber. 1-4, Specimen PE 61065, dorsal view (1), distinct pigmentation of cuticula visible; ventral view (2); and stereo-images of PE 61065 (3-4). Images presented as red-cyan stereo-anaglyphs; please use red-cyan glasses to view. 5-6, Specimen ZMUC 901795, close-up image of the head (5) and closeup image of the head lateral view (6). Abbreviation: ml, femur of metathoracic leg. Other abbreviations are the same as in Figures 2 and 4.
Educational data collected from parents - regarding the analysis of online activities in schools in Romania (during the Covid-19 pandemic, March 2020 - April 2020)
<p>The responses of the 784 parents were collected through the questionnaire available at: <a href="https://forms.gle/Km8WE5QamrYYgXJi7" target="_new" rel="noopener"><strong>https://forms.gle/Km8WE5QamrYYgXJi7</strong></a></p> <p>It was designed with various types of responses, including binomial (yes/no), polynomial (multiple options), and open-ended responses, to capture a comprehensive range of data. This combined approach allows for both quantitative analysis of fixed-response questions and qualitative insights from open-ended questions. Patterns, correlations, and differences between various demographic groups and their experiences and attitudes toward online education can be identified.</p> <p>To protect the identity of the respondents and to obtain accurate responses, all data collected from teachers was anonymous. We did not collect any personal information whatsoever. This aspect was made clear to the respondents in the description of the questionnaire.</p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Saltmarsh flies of the genus Scorpiurus Parent from New Zealand (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Saltmarsh flies of the genus Scorpiurus Parent from New Zealand (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/9434dfd7-7234-456a-b3d8-0bf7effeedf8">https://bionomia.net/dataset/9434dfd7-7234-456a-b3d8-0bf7effeedf8</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/9434dfd7-7234-456a-b3d8-0bf7effeedf8">https://gbif.org/dataset/9434dfd7-7234-456a-b3d8-0bf7effeedf8</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
FIGURE 1. Scatterplots from multivariate statistical analyses. Ellipses define the 95 in Morphological Variation in a Unisexual Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis exsanguis) and One of Its Bisexual Parental Species (Aspidoscelis inornata) (Reptilia: Squamata: Teiidae): Is the Clonal Species Less Variable?
FIGURE 1. Scatterplots from multivariate statistical analyses. Ellipses define the 95% confidence limits of score distributions. A. Principal component scores of 14 field A. exsanguis, 42 laboratory A. exsanguis of two lineages pooled, and 19 field A. inornata. Axis percentages reflect variance explained by PC1 and PC2 (table 5). B. Canonical variate scores of the same specimens as in A. Axis percentages are relative contributions of CV1 and CV2 to the discrimination (table 5).
Fig. 1. A in Reproductive behavior and parental roles of the cichlid fish Laetacara araguaiae
Fig. 1. A pair of Laetacara araguaiae with fry (arrows). The largest fish is the male. Photo: Elias F. Lopes de Freitas.
Fig. 5 in Reproductive behavior and parental roles of the cichlid fish Laetacara araguaiae
Fig. 5. Mean frequency (± SE) of threats (a) and attacks (b) given by male and female in the pre-spawning (n = 11), egg/ wriggler (n = 11) and free-swimming fry (n = 12) phases. * indicates significant difference between sexes (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Different letters indicate significant differences between phases for each sex (Kuskal-Wallis followed by Dunn post hoc test).
Fig. 4 in Reproductive behavior and parental roles of the cichlid fish Laetacara araguaiae
Fig. 4. Mean frequency (± SE) of agonistic acts given by male and female in the pre-spawning (n = 11), egg/wriggler (n = 11) and free-swimming fry (n = 12) phases. NS is non significant values (Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test).
Fig. 2 in Reproductive behavior and parental roles of the cichlid fish Laetacara araguaiae
Fig. 2. Mean frequency (± SE) of nest digging in the prespawning phase by males and females of Laetacara araguaiae (Wilcoxon signed-rank test).
Experimental reduction of haemosporidian infection affects maternal reproductive investment, parental behaviour, and offspring condition
<p>When hosts have a long coevolutionary history with their parasites, fitness costs of chronic infection have often been assumed to be negligible. Yet, experimental manipulation of infections sometimes reveals effects of parasites on their hosts, particularly during reproduction. Whether these effects translate into fitness costs remains unclear. Here, we present the results of an experimental study conducted in a free-ranging population of red-winged blackbirds (<em>Agelaius</em> <em>phoeniceus</em>) naturally experiencing a high prevalence of haemosporidian infections, with > 95% of breeding adults infected with parasites from one or more haemosporidian genus. To assess effects of infection during reproduction, we manipulated adult red-winged blackbird females' parasite burden by administering an anti-haemosporidian medication before onset of egg-laying. Experimental reduction of infection resulted in significant benefits to mothers and their offspring. Medicated females laid heavier clutches, invested more in incubation and provisioning behaviour, and produced more fledglings than control females. Nestlings of medicated females had higher haematocrit, higher blood glucose, and lower reactive oxygen metabolites than nestlings of control females. Overall, our results provide evidence that, even in a species with a long history of high prevalence of infection, parasites can lead to decreased maternal investment and offspring quality, substantially reducing fitness.</p>
Data for: Effects of parental age on salt stress tolerance in an aquatic plant
<p>Parental age influences components of offspring fitness in many species. The ability to tolerate stress also affects fitness, but less is known regarding changes in offspring stress tolerance with increasing parental age, especially in plants. We examined first and fifth-born clonal offspring (using birth order as a proxy for parental age), and compared their fitness in several sub-lethal concentrations of salt (NaCl), to investigate the interactive effects of birth order and salt stress on the offspring of the aquatic plant <em>Lemna minor </em>L. We found that increasing salt concentration reduced reproduction particularly at early ages, which detrimentally affected fitness, as measured by the intrinsic rate of natural increase. Fifth offspring had greater fitness than first offspring, potentially due to the hump-shaped relationship between offspring fitness and birth order observed in other studies on <em>Lemna</em>, with fifth offspring near the peak of the hump. We found no interactive effect of birth order and salt concentration on offspring fitness; however, there were interactive effects on the time to first reproduction and the size of fronds. Specifically, first offspring exposed to increasing salt concentrations exhibited longer delays to first reproduction and grew to a greater size, while fifth offspring showed little change in either variable with increasing salt concentration. Thus, variation in birth order affected offspring response to salt stress, although not in terms of fitness. These results help illuminate factors impacting the age-specific strength of natural selection and stress responses, and may be environmentally relevant in the context of environmental salinization.</p>
Data for: Aggressive hosts are undeterred by a cuckoo's hawk mimicry, but probably make good foster parents
<p>Parasites face a trade-off if the highest quality hosts are also most resistant to exploitation. For brood parasites, well-defended host nests may be both harder to parasitize and harder to predate, leading to better survival of parasitic chicks. This trade-off could be accentuated if brood-parasitic adaptations to reduce front-line defences of hosts, such as mimicry of hawks by Cuculus cuckoos, do not deter hosts which aggressively mob raptors. Here we investigate the costs and benefits to the African cuckoo (Cuculus gularis) of specializing on a highly aggressive host species, the fork-tailed drongo (Dicrurus adsimilis). Field experiments showed that drongos strongly attacked and mobbed both cuckoo and hawk models, implying that hawk mimicry does not deter front-line defences against African cuckoos. Attacks on cuckoo and hawk models generally declined after the egg stage but attacks on snake models sharply increased, suggesting drongos may treat hawks more like cuckoos than predators. We suggest that the cost to cuckoos of parasitizing an aggressive host may be alleviated by subsequent benefits to their offspring, since drongo nests survived better than nests of other species with similar nesting ecology. These results are indicative of a trade-off between host quality and susceptibility for a brood parasite.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.