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221 results for “passerine bird”
Data from: Repertoire-based individual acoustic monitoring of a migratory passerine bird with complex song as an efficient tool for tracking territorial dynamics and annual return rates
In field ecological and behavioural studies, it is often necessary to identify specific individuals. In birds, colour rings are frequently used to mark individuals; however, rings are often difficult to observe, especially in small species and dense habitats. Acoustic-based monitoring detecting individuals by their characteristic vocalization is a potentially suitable alternative, but this approach is challenging in species with complex songs. On the example of the Tree Pipit (Anthus trivialis), a small migratory passerine often singing in flight or from perches obscured by foliage, we demonstrate that acoustic monitoring based on the syllable repertoire can be very efficient tool for individual recognition. During a 3-year study, we obtained over 500 recordings from males from one study population (a number of them returning after winter). Males banded with colour rings were repeatedly recorded throughout the seasons, and syllable repertoires were determined from spectrograms for each recording. The repertoire of each unambiguously identified male was distinct and stable within as well as between seasons; and males with similar syllable repertoires differed in syntax. Based on the congruence between identification based solely on spectrogram assessment, and that based on observation of colour rings, we inferred that reliable identification of singing males (including non-ringed ones) was possible in the studied population from assessing a repertoire and song syntax of <5-min recording (containing 20–30 songs). The acoustic-based data: (i) increased the overall estimated number of territorial males at the study locality (from 49 ringed to 61), and improved the estimates of the period of their presence; (ii) revealed dynamic within-season changes in territory occupancy that would otherwise be missed; and (iii) allowed identification of returning birds (including non-ringed ones and those actively avoiding approaching humans). Our results suggest that some commonly used methods may substantially underestimate return rates of migratory bird species. Individual acoustic monitoring should be applicable on various bird species with complex song and stable repertoires, and may be particularly useful for those living in dense habitat or sensitive to handling.
Data from: Going to extremes: contrasting rates of diversification in a recent radiation of New World passerine birds
Recent analyses suggest that a few major shifts in diversification rate may be enough to explain most of the disparity in diversity among vertebrate lineages. At least one significant increase in diversification rate appears to have occurred within the birds; however, several nested lineages within birds have been identified as hyperdiverse by different studies. A clade containing the finches and relatives (within the avian order Passeriformes), including a large radiation endemic to the New World that comprises ~8% of all bird species, may be the true driver of this rate increase. Understanding the patterns and processes of diversification of this diverse lineage may go a long way toward explaining the apparently rapid diversification rates of both passerines and of birds as a whole. We present the first multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of this endemic New World radiation of finch relatives that includes sampling of all recognized genera, a relaxed molecular clock analysis of its divergence history, and an analysis of its broad-scale diversification patterns. These analyses recover five major lineages traditionally recognized as avian families, but identify an additional ten relatively ancient lineages worthy of recognition at the family level. Time-calibrated diversification analyses suggest that at least six of the fifteen family-level lineages are significantly species-poor given the entire group's background diversification rate, whereas one—the tanagers of family Thraupidae—is significantly more diverse. These differences are consistent with the low speciation and extinction rates of island and ecologically-specialized lineages previously documented across passerines as a whole. Finally, lack of an age-diversity relationship within this clade suggests that, due to rapid initial speciation, it may have experienced density-dependent ecological limits on its overall diversity.
Data from: Insulin-like growth factor 1 and life-history evolution of passerine birds
1. Natural selection has generated a diversity of ways in which vertebrates allocate their resources between fundamental life-history traits. The availability of possible evolutionary trajectories of these traits is limited by various genetic, physiological, and phylogenetic constraints. This causes trade-offs due to shared resource pools for, or genetic linkage of, competing traits. The majority of these trade-offs are mediated by hormones and create the variability of phenotypes that can be observed in nature. 2. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is an evolutionarily conserved peptide, which has been shown to be essential in the regulation of body size, the pattern of reproductive investment and lifespan across a broad taxonomic range of model species in laboratory and domesticated conditions. However, studies addressing corresponding evolutionary hypotheses on a broader scale and in free-living vertebrates are very rare. 3. In this phylogenetic comparative study on free-living passerines (Passeriformes), we explore the way in which plasma IGF-1 levels underlie the evolution of body size and demographic fitness correlates (clutch size, egg weight, lifespan). 4. We showed firstly that IGF-1 levels were positively associated with the body size of passerines, although smaller birds had larger IGF-1-mediated investment into building up their body faster. IGF-1 levels were negatively associated with lifespan of passerines, and more so in birds with smaller body weight. Finally, IGF-1 levels were negatively associated with clutch size in heavier species, and positively associated with egg weight in species with higher body weight and longer duration of parental care. The pattern was opposite in species with smaller body weight and shorter duration of parental care. 5. The described evolutionary framework indicates that variation in IGF-1 levels can be regarded as an important mechanism that may underlie life-history evolution in passerines. IGF-1 could act as a physiological link mediating the inter-regulatory growth–reproduction–lifespan "life-history triangle" on the pace-of-life continuum. Interestingly, body weight and investment into parental care have likely imposed a constraining effect on the IGF-1-mediated co-evolution of demographic fitness traits, such as lifespan or reproductive investment. This has limited the availability of adaptive pathways via which those traits could evolve as passerines diversified.
Data from: Hybridization associated with cycles of ecological succession in a passerine bird
Identifying the diversity of contexts that can lead to hybridization is important for understanding its prevalence and dynamics in natural populations. Despite the potential of ecological succession to dramatically alter species co-occurrence and abundances, it is unknown whether it directly promotes hybridization and, if so, has long-lasting consequences. Here, we summarize 30 years of survey data across 10 populations to show that in western and mountain bluebirds, heterospecific pairing occurs during repeatable and transient colonization events at the early stages of species turnover. Despite mixed pairing occurring only during early succession, genetic data showed presence of hybrids at both early and late successional stages. Moreover, hybrids showed novel patterns of variation in morphology and behavior, emphasizing that even ephemeral contexts for hybridization can have important evolutionary consequences. Our results suggest that because ecological succession often brings together closely related competitors in disparate numbers but lasts for only a brief period of time, it may be a widespread but underappreciated context for hybridization.
Data from: Mass production of SNP markers in a nonmodel passerine bird through RAD sequencing and contig mapping to the zebra finch genome
Here, we present an adaptation of restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to the Illumina HiSeq2000 technology that we used to produce SNP markers in very large quantities at low cost per unit in the Réunion grey white-eye (Zosterops borbonicus), a nonmodel passerine bird species with no reference genome. We sequenced a set of six pools of 18–25 individuals using a single sequencing lane. This allowed us to build around 600 000 contigs, among which at least 386 000 could be mapped to the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) genome. This yielded more than 80 000 SNPs that could be mapped unambiguously and are evenly distributed across the genome. Thus, our approach provides a good illustration of the high potential of paired-end RAD sequencing of pooled DNA samples combined with comparative assembly to the zebra finch genome to build large contigs and characterize vast numbers of informative SNPs in nonmodel passerine bird species in a very efficient and cost-effective way.
Data from: Wind farms affect the occurrence, abundance and population trends of small passerine birds: the case of the Dupont's lark
1.The assessment of the effects of wind farms on bird populations is commonly based on collision fatality records. This could undervalue the effect of wind farms on small-sized birds. We evaluate the effect of wind turbines on occurrence, abundance and population trends of a threatened small passerine species, the Dupont's lark Chersophilus duponti. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies addressing the effect of wind farms on population trends using time series data from multiple wind farms. 2.We estimated population trends by fitting a switching linear trend model with the software TRIM (Trend & Indices for Monitoring data). We used multiannual data surveys of five populations in the presence of wind farms and nine in their absence (2008–2016 period). Furthermore, we fitted a logistic and a negative binomial regression model to test the effect of wind farm proximity on species occurrence and abundance in 2016, respectively. We incorporated local connectivity and habitat availability estimates in both models as predictors. 3.Results showed a negative trend overall, but that was significantly more regressive in the presence of wind farms: 21.0% versus 5.8% average annual decline in the absence of wind farms. 4.Dupont's lark occurrence and abundance in 2016 were negatively affected by measures of population isolation and positively affected by the distance to wind farms. 5.These results highlight the negative effect of isolation and wind farm proximity on Dupont's lark population parameters. Taking into account the metapopulation structure exhibited by the species in the study area, this work established a 4.5 km threshold distance from wind farms, beyond which Dupont's lark populations should be unaffected. 6.Synthesis and applications. This work highlights the negative impact of wind farms on small-sized birds and provides a 4.5 km threshold distance that should be taken into account in the design of future wind energy projects. Moreover, we suggest an analytical approach based on population trends, species abundance and occurrence variation in relation to wind farms, useful for the assessment of wind farm impacts on small-sized birds.
FIGURES 42–48 in New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes)
FIGURES 42–48. Myrsidea cicchinoi: (42) metathorax and dorsoventral abdomen of female; (43) metathorax and dorsoventral abdomen of male; (44) male genital sac sclerite. Myrsidea cinnamomei: (45) male genital sac sclerite. Myrsidea castroae n. sp.: (46) metathorax and dorsoventral abdomen of female; (47) metathorax and dorsoventral abdomen of male; (48) male genital sac sclerite.
FIGURES 9–14 in New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes)
FIGURES 9–14. Myrsidea ochrolaemi: (9) metathorax and dorsoventral abdomen of female; (10) metathorax and dorsoventral abdomen of male; (11) male genitalia; (12) male genital sac sclerite. Myrsidea waterstoni n. sp.: (13) metathorax and dorsoventral abdomen of female; (14) metathorax and dorsoventral abdomen of male.
FIGURES 36–39 in New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes)
FIGURES 36–39. Myrsidea cicchinoi: (36) female holotype; (37) male paratype. Myrsidea cinnamomei: (38) female; (39) male.
FIGURES 26–29. Myrsidea meyi n in New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes)
FIGURES 26–29. Myrsidea meyi n. sp.: (26) female holotype; (27) male paratype. Myrsidea dalgleishi n. sp.: (28) female holotype; (29) male paratype.
FIGURES 22–25 in New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes)
FIGURES 22–25. Myrsidea souleyetii: (22) female holotype; (23) male paratype. Myrsidea waterstoni n. sp.: (24) female holotype; (25) male paratype.
FIGURE 49 in New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes)
FIGURE 49. Phylogeny based on maximum likelihood analysis of 379 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene for Myrsidea species analyzed by Price and Johnson (2009) and additional species described or redescribed in this paper (bold names). Search involved 10 random addition replicates with the GTR+I+G model following Price and Johnson (2009).
FIGURES 15–21 in New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes)
FIGURES 15–21. Dorsal view of Myrsidea male terminalia: (15) M. strobiloesternata; (16) M. ochrolaemi from Anabacerthia variegaticeps; (17) M. waterstoni n. sp. Metasternal plate and sternite I of males: (18) M. strobiloesternata; (19) M. ochrolaemi; (20) M. waterstoni n. sp.; (21) M. meyi n. sp. Asterisk indicates an inferred tergal seta.
FIGURES 5–8 in New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes)
FIGURES 5–8. Myrsidea ochrolaemi: (5) male paratype; (6) additional male from Automolus ochrolaemus. Myrsidea calvi: (7) female holotype; (8) male paratype.
FIGURES 1–4 in New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes)
FIGURES 1–4. Myrsidea strobiloesternata: (1) female holotype; (2) male. Myrsidea ochrolaemi: (3) female holotype; (4) additional female from Automolus ochrolaemus.
FIGURES 30–35. Myrsidea meyi n in New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes)
FIGURES 30–35. Myrsidea meyi n. sp.: (30) metathorax and dorsoventral abdomen of female; (31) metathorax and dorsoventral abdomen of male; (32) male genital sac sclerite. Myrsidea dalgleishi n. sp.: (33) metathorax and dorsoventral abdomen of female; (34) metathorax and dorsoventral abdomen of male; (35) male genital sac sclerite.
FIGURE 2 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 2. Scheme of gnathosoma and legs in harpypalpines. A—gnathosoma dorsally; B—same ventrally; C—leg I ventrally; D—tarsus I dorsally; E—leg III ventrally; D—tarsus III laterally.
FIGURE 9 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 9. Idiosoma of males Harpypalpus spp. in dorsal view. A—Harpypalpus lonchura sp. nov.; B—Harpypalpus pyrrhula sp. nov.; C—Harpypalpus sturnus sp. nov.
FIGURE 16 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 16. Idiosoma of males Harpypalpoides spp. in dorsal view. A—Harpypalpoides sylvia sp. nov.; B—Harpypalpoides sitta sp. nov.; C—Harpypalpoides hirundinoides sp. nov.
FIGURE 13 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 13. Idiosoma of males Harpypalpoides spp. in dorsal view. A—Harpypalpoides johnstoni sp. nov.; B—Harpypalpoides pyrrhula sp. nov.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.