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opencc-by-4.0Oct 2014View details →

Text-fig. 4. Taphonomic and pathological phenomena of bear bones from Middle Pleistocene deposits from Spojovací chodba – Narozeninová chodba in Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic). a – Mc V sin. with a pathological phenomenon on the metapodial distal part (tuberosity/exostosis?); b – gnawed juvenile ulna; c – right tibia gnawed by a large rodent (porcupine?) with detail. in Basic Population And Taphonomic Analysis Of Bear Assemblages From Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, The Czech Republic): A Fossil Record From 1987-2007

Text-fig. 4. Taphonomic and pathological phenomena of bear bones from Middle Pleistocene deposits from Spojovací chodba – Narozeninová chodba in Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic). a – Mc V sin. with a pathological phenomenon on the metapodial distal part (tuberosity/exostosis?); b – gnawed juvenile ulna; c – right tibia gnawed by a large rodent (porcupine?) with detail.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2014View details →

Text-fig. 3. Taphonomic and pathological phenomena of bear bones from Middle Pleistocene deposits from Chodba naděje in Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic). a – gnawed lumbar vertebra with a bite mark on the body head; b – fragment of pelvis with a bite mark; c – femur head with a bite mark; d – Mc II dext. with a pathological phenomenon on the metapodial proximal part (tuberosity/exostosis?). in Basic Population And Taphonomic Analysis Of Bear Assemblages From Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, The Czech Republic): A Fossil Record From 1987-2007

Text-fig. 3. Taphonomic and pathological phenomena of bear bones from Middle Pleistocene deposits from Chodba naděje in Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic). a – gnawed lumbar vertebra with a bite mark on the body head; b – fragment of pelvis with a bite mark; c – femur head with a bite mark; d – Mc II dext. with a pathological phenomenon on the metapodial proximal part (tuberosity/exostosis?).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Fig. 2. A in Gastrointestinal helminths of waterfowl (Anatidae: Anatinae) in the Lerma marshes of central Mexico: Some pathological aspects

Fig. 2. A. Proventriculus section of Oxyura jamaicensis showing a T. fissispina gravid female in the lumen of the glandular epithelium, surrounded by some giant cells (asterisk), lymphocytes and wrapped by a fibrous vascular connective tissue capsule (arrow) that displaces the proventriculus glands. Stained with H-E. B. Proventriculus of Mareca americana, showing multiple inflammatory foci consisting of lymphocytes and a few eosinophils. The cestode Gastrotaenia cygni can be observed on the glands' lumen. Stained with H-E. C. Anas acuta gizzard, where the presence of abundant nematodes (Epomidiostomun uncinatum and Amidostomum spp.) can be observed below the keratinized epithelium, surrounded by an abundant amount of mucus (asterisk) and hyperplasia of the mucus-producing cells (arrow). Stained with H-E. D. Gizzard of Anas crecca, where nematodes of the genus Amidostomum can be observed below the keratinized epithelium surrounded by an abundant amount of mucus (arrow). Stained with Masson's trichromic.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Fig. 1. A in Gastrointestinal helminths of waterfowl (Anatidae: Anatinae) in the Lerma marshes of central Mexico: Some pathological aspects

Fig. 1. A. Intestine of Anas crecca with a transparent nodule of 2 mm in diameter caused by Pseudocorynosoma constrictum penetrating the serosa. B. Proventriculus of Spatula discors with nodules (arrows): some of them whit Tetrameres sp. C. Gizzard of Mareca americana with hemorrhages (arrow) caused by the nematode Amidostomum spp. D. Gizzard of Mareca americana with a nodule of 1.5 × 2 cm in diameter and firm consistency, with the nematode Echinuria uncinata. E. Intestine of Anas crecca showing a nodule in the subserosa, containing the acanthocephalan Filicollis sp. in the intestinal lumen.

Fig. 6 in Prevalence and gross pathology of liver fluke in macropods cohabiting livestock farms in north eastern NSW, Australia, and diagnosis using cELISA

Fig. 6. Livestock farms in the Northern Tablelands region of NSW, Australia, with Macropods harbouring liver fluke infections (December 2018–June 2021).

Fig. 5 in Prevalence and gross pathology of liver fluke in macropods cohabiting livestock farms in north eastern NSW, Australia, and diagnosis using cELISA

Fig. 5. Scatter plot of Fasciola hepatica coproantigen concentration (optical density, 450 nm) and total fluke count in Macropods.

Fig. 4. A in Prevalence and gross pathology of liver fluke in macropods cohabiting livestock farms in north eastern NSW, Australia, and diagnosis using cELISA

Fig. 4. A. Common wallaroo liver (visceral surface) with prominent fibrotic capsules. B. Liver cross-section of fibrous capsules. C. Eastern grey kangaroo liver (visceral surface) with irregular form, hepatomegaly, fibrotic lesions and bile duct hyperplasia. D. Necrotic tracks generated by immature fluke. E. Immature fluke (mm).

Fig. 3. Rainfall and temperature data throughout 2019–2020 in Prevalence and gross pathology of liver fluke in macropods cohabiting livestock farms in north eastern NSW, Australia, and diagnosis using cELISA

Fig. 3. Rainfall and temperature data throughout 2019–2020 recorded at the Armidale airport NSW, Australia (Australian Government of Bureau of Meteorology, 2019, 2020).

Fig. 1 in Prevalence and gross pathology of liver fluke in macropods cohabiting livestock farms in north eastern NSW, Australia, and diagnosis using cELISA

Fig. 1. Geographical location of livestock farms (A–G) surveyed in the Northern Tablelands region of NSW, Australia, to assess liver fluke prevalence in Macropods (ArcGIS 10.4.1 software, 2018).

Fig. 2 in Prevalence and gross pathology of liver fluke in macropods cohabiting livestock farms in north eastern NSW, Australia, and diagnosis using cELISA

Fig. 2. Liver fluke prevalence in Macropods (infected/total sampled) cohabiting farms in the Northern Tablelands region of NSW, Australia. Number of farms by risk site: low – 2 farms, medium – 3 farms, high – 2 farms.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2021View details →

Fig. 2 in Nematode-induced pathological lesions and alterations of mucin pattern identified in abomasa of wild ruminants

Fig. 2. Histochemical staining of fundic tissue for mucin detection. A. Roe deer, sample from gross lesion. Superficially apparent decreasing PAS positivity at the luminal surface (arrow). PAS, magnification ×100. B. Fallow deer, sample from gross lesion. Residual PAS positivity in the upper pits of abomasum (arrow). PAS, magnification ×100. C. Fallow-deer, sample from gross lesion. Residual mucin located from upper abomasal pits (arrow) content to lower parts, including basal glands. Alcian blue, magnification ×200. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2021View details →

Fig. 1. Abomasal tissue infected predominantly with A. sidemi. A in Nematode-induced pathological lesions and alterations of mucin pattern identified in abomasa of wild ruminants

Fig. 1. Abomasal tissue infected predominantly with A. sidemi. A. Fallow deer, positive for Ashworthius sidemi. Washed abomasal mucosa with apparent extensive areas of hyperemia (arrowheads) and hemorrhagic lesion in the area of the fundus (arrow). B. Red deer, sample from gross lesion. Part of the abomasum with dispersed round-cellular interstitial inflammation at the base of the glands (arrow) and between abomasal pits (arrowheads). Full findings are accompanied by interstitial edema (asterisk). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, magnification ×200. C. Fallow deer, sample from gross lesion. Part of the abomasum with hyperemia, consisting of several groups of vital erythrocytes in the interstitial tissue (arrow), including edema (arrowheads). H&E staining, magnification ×200. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in Pathological phalanges in a camarasaurid sauropod dinosaur and implications on behaviour

Fig. 4. Photo (A) and drawing (B) of the right pedal ungual II of the camarasaurid sauropod SMA 0002 (Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, HoweStephens Quarry, Wyoming, USA) in proximal view, showing the broken surface indicating overgrowth attachment. Modified from Tschopp et al. (2015).

Fig. 8. Overgrowth type 3 in Pathological phalanges in a camarasaurid sauropod dinosaur and implications on behaviour

Fig. 8. Overgrowth type 3 (arrows in A, B) on the distal articular surface of the left manual phalanx IV-1 of the camarasaurid sauropod SMA 0002 from Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Howe-Stephens Quarry, Wyoming, USA; in anterior/dorsal (A) and distal (B) views, and CT scan of frontal slice (C), note the probable healed fracture (arrows). Photos taken by Rosemarie Roth (University of Zurich, Switzerland).

Fig. 3. Overgrowth type 1 in Pathological phalanges in a camarasaurid sauropod dinosaur and implications on behaviour

Fig. 3. Overgrowth type 1 (arrows) in right pedal unguals I (A) and III (B) of the camarasaurid sauropod SMA 0002 from Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Howe-Stephens Quarry, Wyoming, USA. Overgrowth projects proximally from the proximal articular surface. Note the medial to mediodorsal position of the overgrowths on the proximal articular surfaces. Unguals shown in dorsal (A1, B1), medial (A2, B2), proximal (A3, B3), and lateral (A4, B4) views. Photos taken by Esther Premru (Mönchaltorf, Switzerland) and modified from Tschopp et al. (2015).

Fig. 2. Overgrowth type 1 in Pathological phalanges in a camarasaurid sauropod dinosaur and implications on behaviour

Fig. 2. Overgrowth type 1 (arrow) in left pedal ungual I of the camarasaurid sauropod SMA 0002 from Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, HoweStephens Quarry, Wyoming, USA; in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and proximodorsal (C) views. Note the dorsal position of the overgrowth on the proximal articular surface, and how it fits in the notch in the distal articular surface of php I-1 (C, slightly displaced taphonomically). Abbreviations: mt, metatarsal; php, pedal phalanx. Not to scale, the proximodistal length of php I-1 is 45 mm.

Fig. 9. Overgrowth type 4 in Pathological phalanges in a camarasaurid sauropod dinosaur and implications on behaviour

Fig. 9. Overgrowth type 4 (arrow) on the laterodistal corner of the left pedal phalanx IV-1 of the camarasaurid sauropod SMA 0002 from Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Howe-Stephens Quarry, Wyoming, USA; in anterior/dorsal view. Abbreviation: php, phalanx of pedal digit.

Fig. 1 in Pathological phalanges in a camarasaurid sauropod dinosaur and implications on behaviour

Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of the left and right manual (A) and pedal (B) phalanges of the camarasaurid sauropod SMA 0002, marking the elements affected by pathologies described herein. Rectangles are normal phalanges, triangles are unguals. Dashed lines indicate lacking elements. Numbers correspond to the overgrowth types as defined in the text; e, possible eburnation; p, deep pit.

Fig. 11 in Pathological phalanges in a camarasaurid sauropod dinosaur and implications on behaviour

Fig. 11. Comparison of the normal development of articular surfaces of phalanges of diplodocid sauropod SMA 0087 (php II-1, A) with the pathological elements of camarasaurid sauropod SMA 0002 (php III-1, B); both from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Howe Ranch, Wyoming, USA. Note the considerable extension of the lateral spurs in SMA 0002.

Fig. 10 in Pathological phalanges in a camarasaurid sauropod dinosaur and implications on behaviour

Fig. 10. Deep pit (arrow) in the proximal articular surface of the left pedal phalanx II-1 of the camarasaurid sauropod SMA 0002 from Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Howe-Stephens Quarry, Wyoming, USA; in anteroproximal view. The proximal width of the phalanx is 72 mm. Abbreviation: mt, metatarsal.