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Fig. 10 in Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities

Fig. 10. Median section of orthocones from bed PO 131 of the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Catoraphiceras sp., FMNH-P30425, with graptolite trapped in siphuncle. B–D. Proterocameroceras vallhallfonnense sp. nov. B. Specimen FMNH-P30429. C–D. Holotype, specimen FMNH-P30427. C. Complete specimen with asymmetric endosiphuncular deposits and imploded septa. D. Detail of holotype showing dorsal side of connecting ring and septal necks. Scale bars: A–B = 2 mm; C = 10 mm; D = 1 mm.

Fig. 11 in Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities

Fig. 11. Reconstruction and interpretation of details of connecting ring and septal necks in orthoconic cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Order, genus and species indet. B, FMNH-P30424, see also Fig. 49A. B. Buttsoceras buldrebreenense sp. nov., FMNH-P30421, holotype, see also Fig. 35A. C. Proterocameroceras vallhallfonnense sp. nov., FMNH-P30429, see also Fig. 10B. Without scale.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Data for Global ecological and biogeochemical impacts of pelagic tunicates

Model results and observational validation data for "Global ecological and biogeochemical impacts of pelagic tunicates."    Model outputs for 1) the COBALTv2 control simulation, 2) the GZ-COBALT base simulation, and the five sensitivity experiments in the following files:   Model grid and area fields <ul> <li>ocean_annual_static.nc</li> <li>ocean_static.nc</li> </ul>   Monthly ocean surface fields <ul> <li>Nitrate, phosphate, silica, chlorophyll</li> <li>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_sfc.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</li> </ul>   Monthly water column integrated fields <ul> <li>primary production</li> <li>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_2d.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</li> </ul>   Monthly 100-m integrated tracer fields <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, diazotrophs, small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicate, bacteria</li> <li>Dissolved organic nitrogen</li> <li>Nitrogen detritus</li> <li>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_tracers_int.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</li> </ul>   Monthly 100-m integrated fluxes <ul> <li>Production of: <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, diazotrophs, small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicate, bacteria</li> </ul> </li> <li>Loss to zooplankton from: <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, diazotrophs, bacteria, small and medium zooplankton, small and large tunicates</li> </ul> </li> <li>Aggregation loss from: <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, large tunicates</li> </ul> </li> <li>Injestion by: <ul> <li>Small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicates, higher predators</li> </ul> </li> <li>Detritus production by: <ul> <li>Small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicates, higher predators</li> </ul> </li> <li>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_fluxes_int_1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</li> </ul>   Monthly detritus fluxes past 100-m: <ul> <li>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_fdet_100.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</li> </ul>   Annual 3-D tracers: <ul> <li>Phytoplankton and zooplankton carbon</li> <li>Mesozooplankton and tunicate carbon</li> <li>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_tracers_year_z_1988-2007.nc</li> </ul>   Observational data compilation in 1-degree grid cells: <ul> <li>Data compilation of small tunicates (appendicularians, mg C m-3) and large tunicates (thaliaceans, mg C m-3) as described in the Luo et al. publication. </li> <li>Mesozooplankton from the COPEPOD carbon biomass dataset in mg C m-3 (Moriarty and O'Brien 2012).</li> <li>The chlorophyll growing season mean (from GlobColour data product, blended in the Southern Ocean with Johnson et al. 2013), in units of mg Chl m-3.</li> <li>The tunicate column is a simple addition of the appendicularian + thaliacean column, assuming missing values are zero (use with caution). </li> <li>Please note that these values do not incorporate the 10x biomass adjustment from net-based sampling; this must be added in afterwards.</li> <li>ObsCompilation_SmLgTunicates_Mesozooplankton.csv</li> </ul>   See the below publication for more details: Luo, Jessica Y., Stock, C. A., Henschke, N., Dunne, J. P., O'Brien, T. D., Global ecological and biogeochemical impacts of pelagic tunicates. Progress in Oceanography. (2022) doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102822">10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102822</a>

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Niche partitioning between planktivorous fish in the pelagic Baltic Sea assessed by DNA metabarcoding, qPCR and microscopy: Data and Analyses

Marine communities undergo rapid changes because of human-induced ecosystem pressures. The Baltic Sea pelagic food web has experienced several regime shifts during the past century, resulting in a system where competition between planktivorous mesopredators is assumed to be high. While the two clupeids sprat and herring reveal signs of competition, the stickleback population has increased drastically during the past decades. Here, we investigate diet overlap between the three dominating planktivorous fish in the Baltic Sea, utilizing DNA metabarcoding on the 18S rRNA gene and the COI gene, targeted qPCR, and microscopy. Our results show niche differentiation between clupeids and stickleback and that rotifers play an important function in niche partitioning of stickleback, as a resource that is not being used, neither by the clupeids nor by other zooplankton. We further show that all the diet assessment methods used in this study are consistent but DNA metabarcoding describes the plankton-fish link at the highest taxonomic resolution. This study suggests that rotifers and other understudied soft-bodied prey may have an important function in the pelagic food web and that the growing population of pelagic stickleback is supported by the unutilized feeding niche offered by the rotifers.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

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Thermal adaptation of pelage in desert rodents balances cooling and insulation

Phenotypic convergence across distantly related taxa can be driven by similar selective pressures from the environment or intrinsic constraints. The roles of these processes on physiological strategies, such as homeothermy, are poorly understood. We studied the evolution of thermal properties of mammalian pelage in a diverse community of rodents inhabiting the Mojave Desert, U.S.A. We used a heat flux device to measure the thermal insulation of museum specimens and determined whether thermal properties were associated with habitat preferences while assessing phylogenetic dependence. Species that prefer arid habitats exhibited significantly lower conductivity and thinner pelage relative to species with other habitat preferences. Despite having thinner pelage, the low conductivity imparted comparable insulation to species with other habitat preferences. Thus, arid species retain insulative pelage while simultaneously benefitting from thin pelage that promotes heat loss via convective cooling. We found no evidence of intrinsic constraints or phylogenetic dependence. Heat flux models designed to simulate body temperature regulation demonstrated that arid specialists saved 14.5% of their annual energy required for homeothermy by evolving lower conductivity, providing support for adaptive evolution of pelage. Our study indicates that selection for lower energetic requirements of homeothermy has shaped evolution of pelage thermal properties.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2017View details →

Data for [Changing abundance of magnetofossil morphologies in pelagic red clay around Minamitorishima, western North Pacific]

---- Note added in Aug 27, 2018. There is an error in the file sratios_MR15E01PC12.xlsx. Please refer to another upload, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1404158. ----   This is the data used in the manuscript: Changing abundance of magnetofossil morphologies in pelagic red clay around Minamitorishima, western North Pacific

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

A Pelagic Size Structure database (PSSdb) to support biogeochemical modeling: third update to first release of PSSdb-bulk

This dataset represents the third update to the first release of the Pelagic Size Structure database (PSSdb, <a href="https://pssdb.net">https://pssdb.net</a>) scientific project, investigating the global particle size distributions measured from multiple pelagicǂ imaging systems.  These devices include the Imaging Flow Cytobot (Olson and Sosik 2007), benchtop scanners like the ZooScan (Gorsky et al. 2010), and the Underwater Vision Profiler (Picheral et al. 2010). The data sources originate from Ecotaxa (<a href="https://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr/">https://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr/</a>), Ecopart (<a href="https://ecopart.obs-vlfr.fr/">https://ecopart.obs-vlfr.fr/</a>), and Imaging FlowCytobot dashboards (<a href="https://ifcb.caloos.org/dashboard">https://ifcb.caloos.org/dashboard</a> and <a href="https://ifcb-data.whoi.edu/dashboard">https://ifcb-data.whoi.edu/dashboard</a>). Links to the PSSdb code and documentation are available on the PSSdb webpage (<a href="https://pssdb.net">https://pssdb.net</a>).  This updated version includes the following changes:            ●    Duplicate data entries and NaN values have been removed. ●    Data products now include Normalized Biomass Size Spectra (NBSS), and Particle Size Distribution (PSD), two widely used methods to represent plankton and particles size distribution in marine ecology and biogeochemistry (Jonasz and Fournier 1996, San Martin et al. 2006). ●    Linear regressions are now performed with log10 transformations of the normalized biovolume/abundance and the size classes. ●    Inclusion of UVP6 and other benchtop plankton Scanner datasets from net tows, which expand the temporal and spatial coverage of the data products. ●    Unbiased portion of the size spectra is selected by a new thresholding method that accounts for both uncertainties on particle sizes, limited by the camera resolution, and particle count (Schartau et al. 2010), so that only size classes with less than 20% uncertainty are retained, in addition to gaps in the size spectra. Added in this version (March, 2024): ●    An error in the thresholding function (scripts/funcs_NBS.py) was corrected. ●    A quality control function was implemented (scripts/funcs_NBS.py) to flag size spectra calculations in products 1a and 1b. Added in this version (April, 2024): ●     An error in the size classes defined in the <a href="https://github.com/jessluo/PSSdb/blob/main/ancillary/ecopart_size_bins.tsv">ecopart_size_bins.tsv</a> used by the size binning function (<a href="https://github.com/jessluo/PSSdb/commit/9e3c52179b2d3333971028a4a023a06e48444283#diff-28c0193fe5dad62dccba0020363d6cc496a8921fccb723a5e4bf3608d3dd0879">scripts/funcs_NBS.py</a>) was corrected, the size ratio between consecutive size bins is the same across all the size ranges now.   This PSSdb dataset is composed of two products, specific to each imaging device:  <ul> <li>Product 1a includes the size distribution , computed from normalized biovolume, for NBSS, and normalized abundance,  for PSD, of plankton and particles within a set of pre-defined size classes (expressed in both biovolume and equivalent circular diameter), averaged by year and month, and in 1-degree longitude/latitude grid cells.</li> <li>Product 1b includes the results of NBSS and PSD  regression fit parameters, slopes, intercept, and coefficient of determination (R2), averaged by year and month, and in 1-degree longitude/latitude grid cells. The regression parameters are defined using ordinary least squares linear regressions applied to a log10 transformed normalized biovolume/normalized abundance  and biovolume/ diameter size  class values.</li> </ul> Size spectra parameters were averaged  over a maximum of 16 spatial and temporal subsets (0.5°x0.5°x1 week) to avoid over-representation of repeated sampling events (e.g., time-series datasets) within a grid cell. Linear regressions were performed on the linear portion of the log10-transformed NBSS and PSD estimates, between the size classes with a size measurement or particle count uncertainty greater than 20% (Schartau et al. 2010) , and where the maximum NB/PSD is observed and the largest size class before three empty consecutive size classes.                                      For additional information, please see the PDF documentation available below ...

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

PSSdb-Taxa: A Pelagic Size Structure database taxa-specific product to support biogeochemical modeling: Update to first release of taxa-specific products

This dataset represents the first update to the first release of taxa-specific products from the Pelagic Size Structure database (PSSdb,<a href="https://pssdb.net/"> </a><a href="https://pssdb.net">https://pssdb.net</a>), a scientific project investigating the global particle size distributions measured from multiple pelagic imaging systems. These devices include the Imaging Flow Cytobot (Olson and Sosik 2007), benchtop scanners like the ZooScan (Gorsky et al. 2010), and the Underwater Vision Profiler (Picheral et al. 2010). The data sources originate from Ecotaxa (<a href="https://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr/">https://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr/</a>), Ecopart (<a href="https://ecopart.obs-vlfr.fr/">https://ecopart.obs-vlfr.fr/</a>), and Imaging FlowCytobot dashboards (<a href="https://ifcb.caloos.org/dashboard">https://ifcb.caloos.org/dashboard</a> and<a href="https://ifcb-data.whoi.edu/dashboard"> </a><a href="https://ifcb-data.whoi.edu/dashboard">https://ifcb-data.whoi.edu/dashboard</a>). Taxa-specific products were generated after standardization of the automated or manual taxonomic annotations assigned to individual particles following the recent guidelines of Neeley et al. (2021). We used the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS, <a href="https://www.marinespecies.org/">https://www.marinespecies.org/</a>)  to assign each particle its final taxonomic annotation, and published group-specific relationships linking biovolume to carbon biomass or dry weight. The herein taxa-specific products include both taxonomic class-specific data, obtained after grouping all particles in a given taxonomic class§, and broad plankton functional type (PFT) dataƗ. Detrital materials were also separated based on common categories (marine snow, aggregate, fecal pellet) and known biovolume-to-biomass conversion factors (Durkin et al. 2021). Links to the PSSdb code (including the taxonomic and allometric look-up tables) and documentation are available on the PSSdb webpage (<a href="https://pssdb.net">https://pssdb.net</a>).   This updated version includes the following changes (modified in April, 2024): ●     An error in the size classes defined in the <a href="https://github.com/jessluo/PSSdb/blob/main/ancillary/ecopart_size_bins.tsv">ecopart_size_bins.tsv</a> used by the script generating taxa-specific products (<a href="https://github.com/jessluo/PSSdb/commit/b5725df2f32f0300ab64b0a630136c7f5a6857c7">scripts/5_compute_taxa_NBSS.py</a>) was corrected, the size ratio between consecutive size bins is the same across all the size range.    For additional information, please see the PDF documentation available below ...

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Data from: Empirical verification of feeding selectivity of larval and juvenile pelagic fishes using in situ zooplankton communities

Most studies on the feeding ecology of larvae and juveniles of commercially important pelagic fishes have used field-based approaches. However, due to possible biases related to net sampling, it is uncertain whether the results obtained from those studies truly represent the situation of live fish in the sea. Here we investigated the feeding ecology of pelagic fishes through a laboratory experiment minimizing the biases inherent in field net sampling. In the experiment, hatchery-reared juvenile chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and larval/juvenile Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) were fed with wild-caught zooplankton assemblages collected from around Hakatajima Island in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. The relationships between fish size and prey number in the gut, and the selectivity on each prey organism were determined. As a result, in both species, prey number and size increased with body size, and the fish showed strong selectivity for crustaceans including copepodites and adults of copepods. Our data has also clearly indicated that both species can selectively prey on preferred foods that are rare while avoiding non-preferred foods that are abundant. These results, which substantially accord with reports from previous field studies, will not only help field scientists make a convincing interpretation of their data, but also open the possibility of further laboratory studies on detailed mechanisms of the feeding selectivity of larval/juvenile pelagic fishes.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Fig. 5 in Using spatial indicators to investigate fish spawning strategies from ichthyoplankton surveys: A case study on co-occurring pelagic species from the North-East Aegean Sea Abstract

Fig. 5: Distribution and abundance maps of eggs during May (A, B) and July 2010 (C-E), in the NE Aegean Sea. The major patches are indicated by different colours, while the size of the circles is scaled by the maximum abundance per species and period (Table 2). The number of each patch indicates the ranking according to the abundance of individuals in each patch. The small black cross symbols show the centres of gravity (CG) of each major patch (i.e. those patches having more than 10% of the overall abundance; Table 3). The large cross indicates the CG of the population. The length of the cross axes indicate the isotropy of the egg distribution. The 200m isobaths are also shown (dark contour line).

Fig. 4 in Using spatial indicators to investigate fish spawning strategies from ichthyoplankton surveys: A case study on co-occurring pelagic species from the North-East Aegean Sea Abstract

Fig. 4: Box-and-whisker plots for temperature (oC; at 10 m depth), salinity (at 10 m depth), log-transformed integrated fluorescence (μg l-1) and log-transformed mesozooplankton biomass (mg m-2) between three groups of sampling stations: L – Lemnos plateau, O – offshore pelagic area north of Lemnos island, and T- Thracian Sea shelf. Boxes indicate median and interquartile ranges, whiskers delineate full ranges. F-values are provided for comparisons of the parameters between the three groups (L, O, T) and within each season. For comparisons that did not meet the assumptions of the analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis statistic H is provided. Asterisks indicate significant differences: *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001. Post-hoc multiple comparisons were performed with a Student-Newman-Keul's test, where statistically significant differences among groups are indicated by letters a, b, c on the left side of each box. Groups with the same letter do not differ significantly.

Fig. 3 in Using spatial indicators to investigate fish spawning strategies from ichthyoplankton surveys: A case study on co-occurring pelagic species from the North-East Aegean Sea Abstract

Fig. 3: Contour maps of the vertical distribution of temperature (oC; left column), salinity (middle column) and fluorescence (μg Chlα l-1; right column) during May 2010 along transect A (A-C) and transect B (D-F), and during July 2010 along transects A (H-J) and B (K-M). Y-axis: depth of the water column; X-axis: distance (nmi) from the northern sampling station (0 nmi) to the southern station. The position (distance, nmi) of the sampling stations along the transects are shown in white, dashed lines on top of the temperature contour maps.

Fig. 2 in Using spatial indicators to investigate fish spawning strategies from ichthyoplankton surveys: A case study on co-occurring pelagic species from the North-East Aegean Sea Abstract

Fig. 2: Temperature (oC, 10 m depth; A, E), salinity (10 m; B, F), integrated fluorescence (μg Chl-a l-1, 0-100 m; C, G) and mesozooplankton biomass (mg m-2; D, H) during May (A-D) and July 2010 (E-H) in the study area.

Fig. 1 in Using spatial indicators to investigate fish spawning strategies from ichthyoplankton surveys: A case study on co-occurring pelagic species from the North-East Aegean Sea Abstract

Fig. 1: Ichthyoplankton (shown as open red circles) and CTD sampling stations (shown as filled red circles) during May and July 2010. The isobaths of 100 and 200 m are shown (light and dark blue lines, respectively). Black arrows indicate the main circulation pattern in the area: LIS - Lemnos-Imvros stream, SG - Samothraki gyre (Somarakis et al., 2002). The sampling stations of transects A and B (grey lines) show the vertical structure of the water column in Figure 3.

FIGURE 27 in The integument of pelagic crocodylomorphs (Thalattosuchia: Metriorhynchidae)

FIGURE 27. Aeolodon priscus, JME (uncatalogued, firmly installed in the permanent exhibition). A: Distal tail portion preserving enlarged rhomboidal scutes on dorsal edge (arrows mark dorsal points of transversal hinges); width of frame equals 15 cm. B: Skin preservation around the hollow of the knee (femur visible in left lower corner), with patches of distinct rhomboidal scutes (arrows mark example of hinge orientation); width of frame equals 23.5 cm. C: Webbing of foot with stretched polygonal scutes; width of frame equals 15.8 cm.

FIGURE 20 in The integument of pelagic crocodylomorphs (Thalattosuchia: Metriorhynchidae)

FIGURE 20. Cricosaurus bambergensis, NKMB-P-Watt14/274, body trunk portion with folded skin (upper red margin) embedding dorsal column. In the lower right corner, gut contents preserved a crustacean (arrow marking hinge between carapace and abdomen). Width of frame equals approximately 9 cm.

FIGURE 19 in The integument of pelagic crocodylomorphs (Thalattosuchia: Metriorhynchidae)

FIGURE 19. Cricosaurus bambergensis, NKMB-P-Watt14/274, skin preservation in dorsal neck, illustrating transversal fibers. Width of frame equals approximately 5.5 cm.

FIGURE 16 in The integument of pelagic crocodylomorphs (Thalattosuchia: Metriorhynchidae)

FIGURE 16. Cricosaurus albersdoerferi, BMMS-BK 1-2, soft tissue patch under UV, with yellowish areas indicating skin preservation. The posterior skull can be seen on the left, the scapulocoracoid on the lower right. Width of frame equals approximately 23.0 cm.

FIGURE 15 in The integument of pelagic crocodylomorphs (Thalattosuchia: Metriorhynchidae)

FIGURE 15. Metriorhynchidae indet., NKMB-P-Watt06/508, UV close-ups of skin surrounding the middle tail. A: Dorsal region with numerous knob-like irregularities. Width of frame equals approximately 10.1 cm. B: Ventral region with longitudinal folding (by skin substance preservation or imprints), and further irregularities. Width of frame equals approximately 18.0 cm.

FIGURE 9 in The integument of pelagic crocodylomorphs (Thalattosuchia: Metriorhynchidae)

FIGURE 9. Dakosaurus sp., DMA-JP-2009/001, UV image of tail portion with the highest concentration of skin irregularities (arrows; see previous figures). Width of frame equals approximately 28.0 cm.