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opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

Fig. 3 in Persistence of snake carcasses on roads and its potential effect on estimating roadkills in a megadiverse country

Fig. 3. (A) Relationship between weight and body length (Ln = natural logarithm) of snake carcasses used in this study. (B) Relationship between body length of snake carcasses and their persistence time on two roads with different levels of vehicular traffic.

Fig. 13 in Phyletic evolution and iterative speciation in the persistent Pristiograptus dubius lineage

Fig. 13. SEM micrographs of Ludfordian graptolites Pristiograptus dubius postmagnus subsp. nov. and Pristiograptus dubius labiatus Urbanek, 1997. A–C. Pristiograptus dubius postmagnus subsp. nov., Mielnik−1 borehole, Poland, depth 780.5 m; Monograptus (Uncinatograptus) acer Biozone. A. ZPAL G.44/48, lateral view of rhabdosome (A1), the thecal lip with connection to the succeeding theca (A2), and proximal end of rhabdosome (A3). B. ZPAL G.44/49, lateral view of rhabdosome sicula with rings (B1) and proximal end of rhabdosome (B2). C. ZPAL G.44/50, medial part of rhabdosome (C2), enlargements showing connections to the succeeding thecae (C1, C3). D–F. Pristiograptus dubius labiatus Urbanek, 1997, Mielnik−1 borehole, Poland, depth 753.3 m; Monograptus (Uncinatograptus) spineus–Neocolonograptus parultimus Interzone. D. ZPAL G.44/51, general view of rhabdosome (D1), sicula with two first thecae and depression on th1 lip (D). E. ZPAL G.44/52, lateral view of rhabdosome (E) and proximal end of rhabdosome (E). F. ZPAL 2 1 2 G.44/53, lateral view of rhabdosome (F1) enlargement of proximal end (F2).

Fig. 10 in Phyletic evolution and iterative speciation in the persistent Pristiograptus dubius lineage

Fig. 10. SEM micrographs of two Homerian (Wenlock) graptolite Pristiograptus forms. A, B. Pristiograptus dubius paezerensis subsp. nov., mature rhabdosomes; Cyrtograptus lundgreni Biozone. A. ZPAL G.44/17, Bartoszyce IG−1 borehole, Poland, depth 1663.2 m. B. ZPAL G.44/19, Zawada borehole, Poland, depth 1555.9–1562 m. C, D. Pristiograptus dubius parvus Ulst, 1974 growing rhabdosomes, Bartoszyce IG−1 borehole, Poland, depth 1660.7 m; Pristiograptus parvus Biozone. C. ZPAL G.44/25. D. ZPAL G.44/26.

Fig. 9 in Phyletic evolution and iterative speciation in the persistent Pristiograptus dubius lineage

Fig. 9. SEM micrographs of the graptolite Pristiograptus lodenicensis Přibyl, 1943; Cyrtograptus lundgreni Biozone, Lower Homerian, Wenlock. A–D, F. Zawada borehole, Poland. A–C. Depth 1546.5–1552.7 m. A. ZPAL G. 44/13, general view of rhabdosome (A), lips of th3 and th4 (A), and th1 1 2 with sicula (A3). B. ZPAL G.44/14, general view of dorsal side of rhabdosome (B1), proximal end (B2). C. ZPAL G.44/15, general view of rhabdosome. D, F. Depth 1540–1546.5 m. D. ZPAL G.44/16, proximal end of rhabdosome. F. ZPAL G.44/17, proximal end of rhabdosome (F) and th2 lip with cortical 1 tissue "script" ("manta ray wing") (F2). E. VU P.P9−4b, Parovėja−9 borehole, Lithuania, depth 561.9 m, general view of rhabdosome (E1), depressions of thecal apertural lip (E2).

Fig. 3 in Phyletic evolution and iterative speciation in the persistent Pristiograptus dubius lineage

Fig. 3. Morphology of graptolite Pristiograptus rhabdosomes. A. Drawing of rhabdosome showing its characters (modified from Radzevičius 2003). B–E. Morphological features on flattened specimens. B. Pristiograptus lodenicensis Přibyl, 1948; VU−813, Likënai−396 borehole, Lithuania, depth 589.5 m; Cyrtograptus lundgreni Biozone, Riga Formation. C. Pristiograptus dubius magnus subsp. nov., VU−835, Parovėja−9 borehole, Lithuania, depth 599.8 m; Cyrtograptus perneri Biozone, whole specimen (C1), enlargement showing thecal apertural lip (C2). D. Pristiograptus dubius pseudodubius (Bouček, 1932), fragment of rhabdosome, VU−A3−0047a; C. lundgreni Biozone, Żdanów outcrop, Sudetes, Poland. E. Pristiograptus jaegeri Holland, Rickards, and Warren, 1969; Vilkaviškis−131 borehole, depth 1073.2 m, VU−8004, Colonograptus deubeli Biozone. Abbreviations: ss, angle between thecal lip and wall of succeeding theca; λ, angle between interthecal septum (thecal axis) and virgule; r, sicula ring; th1, first theca; tal, thecal apertural lip.

Fig. 2 in Phyletic evolution and iterative speciation in the persistent Pristiograptus dubius lineage

Fig. 2. Map of western margin of the East European Platform. A. Facies across the studied region (modified after Porębska et al. 2004). B. Location of the investigated boreholes in Lithuania and Poland.

Fig. 1 in Phyletic evolution and iterative speciation in the persistent Pristiograptus dubius lineage

Fig. 1. Graptolite phylogenetic relationships between the iterative of Pristiograptus dubius group taxa species and subspecies from Poland and Lithuania and their stratigraphical ranges. For more data concerning iterative clades that branched off the stem lineage see Fig. 4. Generalized graptolites biozones (Koren' et al. 1996) correlated with biozones of Poland and Lithuania (Urbanek and Teller 1997; Radzevičius 2007). Abbreviations: B., Bohemograptus; Col., Colonograptus; Cucullo., Cucullograptus; Cyrto., Cyrtograptus; d., dubius; G., Gothograptus; I., Istrograptus; L., Lobograptus; M., Monograptus; Neocol., Neocolonograptus; Neocucul., Neocucullograptus; Neodiver., Neodiversograptus; Neolob., Neolobograptus; P., Pristiograptus; S., Saetograptus; Slov., Slovinograptus; t., transgrediens; U., Uncinatograptus.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2014View details →

Figure 1. A in Field surveys in Western Panama indicate populations of Atelopus varius frogs are persisting in regions where Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is now enzootic

Figure 1. A female Harlequin frog, Atelopus varius. This species, classified as Critically Endangered by IUCN, has been found in small numbers in the mountains of Western Panama.

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Data from: When the "selfish herd" becomes the "frozen herd": spatial dynamics and population persistence in a colonial seabird

Aggregations are common in ecological systems at a range of scales and may be driven by exogenous constraints such as environmental heterogeneity and resource availability or by 'self-organizing' interactions among individuals. One mechanism leading to self-organized animal aggregations is captured by Hamilton's 'selfish herd' hypothesis, which suggests that aggregations may be driven by an individual's effort to minimize their risk of predation by surrounding themselves with conspecifics. We demonstrate that aggregations observed in Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colonies are a convolution of both self-organized dynamics and external forcing arising from landscape terrain. In fluid, highly mobile aggregations, individuals are constantly moving in response to changing environmental conditions, the locations of predators, or the movements of conspecifics. However, when the ability to rearrange is limited and spatial reconfiguration occurs on slower time scales than changes in population size, systems may become trapped in sub-optimal arrangements. We use simulated annealing to demonstrate that Adélie penguin colonies are frozen in sub-optimal spatial arrangements, and employ an individual-based modelling approach to demonstrate that this sub-optimal spatial configuration is driven by a convolution of nest site fidelity and stochastic events at the level of individual nests. The resulting spatial dynamics are responsible for a hysteretic response to long-term changes in abundance. We find that declining abundance leads to fragmentation even in a homogeneous environment, which has population-level consequences for reproductive success because predation is biased towards colony edges. Strong edge effects from heterogeneous predation coupled with fragmentation in response to population declines creates a positive feedback cycle that can accelerate population decline. This work provides a mechanistic understanding of complex spatial structuring in penguin colonies, provides a link between current spatial patterning and past dynamics, and suggests the possibility of critical collapse in seabird populations.

opencc-zeroJul 2019View details →

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Raw data to: "Persistent RNA virus infection is short-lived at the single cell level but leaves transcriptomic footprints"

Raw data underlying the publication by Reuther and Martin et al. entitled "Persistent RNA virus infection is short-lived at the single cell level but leaves transcriptomic footprints"

Fig. 7 in Persistent Fontanelles in Rodent Skulls

Fig. 7. Drawings of frontoparietal area showing intersection of transverse parietofrontal suture and midsagittal suture of skull in five species of Ctenomys and in Microcavia niata. Fenestrae in the nasal bones of one specimen of Ctenomys minutus and one of C. frater mordosus are also illustrated.

Fig. 4 in Persistent Fontanelles in Rodent Skulls

Fig. 4. Frontoparietal area of 15 specimens of Ctenomys, not yet identified to species, from Cerro Itahuaticua.

Fig. 1. A in Persistent Fontanelles in Rodent Skulls

Fig. 1. A. Drawing of skull of Ctenomys sp., dorsal aspect with fenestra evident at junction of frontal and parietal bones. B. Dorsal aspect of only frontals and parietals showing relative relationship of bones as in figures 2–7.

Fig. 6 in Persistent Fontanelles in Rodent Skulls

Fig. 6. Frontoparietal area of specimens of three samples of Ctenomys (1 skull from Tapecua, 4 from near Lluthu Pampa, and 8 from near Vallegrande).

Fig. 8 in Persistent Fontanelles in Rodent Skulls

Fig. 8. Results from an analysis of variance of elevation vs. prevalence of fenestrae for only Ctenomys from southern South America for samples that we studied greater than n=4. Elevation was coded in 500 m intervals, with elevation ''1'' less than 250 m and elevation 7 greater than or equal to 4000 m. A significant relationship between prevalence of fenestrae and altitude was detected in our analysis.

Fig. 5 in Persistent Fontanelles in Rodent Skulls

Fig. 5. Frontoparietal area of specimens of two different series of Ctenomys, not yet identified to species, 11 from near Chuhuayaco and 15 from near Monteagudo.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

A suspect screening list of 1310 persistent and mobile (PM) candidates

PM Suspect List from UFZ and HSF

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Spatial Damped Anomaly Persistence (SDAP) Forecasts of Sea Ice Presence in the Antarctic between 1999 and 2020

Spatial Damped Anomaly Persistence Forecasts of Sea Ice Presence in the southern hemisphere between 1999 and 2020. Each netcdf file corresponds to a single initialisation, done at the start of the stated month, and the forecasts for the following 120 days, both probabilistic (SDAP) and deterministic (SAP) forecasts. The forecasts were derived using OSI SAF sea-ice concentration records (OSI SAF 450 and 430b) and follow the resolution of that dataset (25 km EASE-2 grid). Further details regarding the forecasting method and the results can be found in Niraula et Goessling, 2021 (in review).   Please note that while the filenames say "DampedForecast", each file contains both Damped or Deterministic forecasts associated with the date.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Spatial Damped Anomaly Persistence (SDAP) Forecasts of Sea Ice Presence in the Arctic between 1999 and 2020

Spatial Damped Anomaly Persistence Forecasts of Sea Ice Presence in the Arctic between 1999 and 2020. Each netcdf file corresponds to a single initialisation, done at the start of the stated month, and the forecasts for the following 120 days, both probabilistic (SDAP) and deterministic (SAP) forecasts. The forecasts were derived using OSI SAF sea-ice concentration records (OSI SAF 450 and 430b) and follow the resolution of that dataset (25 km EASE-2 grid). Further details regarding the forecasting method and the results can be found in Niraula et Goessling, 2021 (in review).   Please note that while the filenames say "DampedForecast", each file contains both Damped or Deterministic forecasts associated with the date.