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236 results for “pheromones”
Data from: Male lake char release taurocholic acid as part of a mating pheromone
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Tsetse flies (Glossina m. morsitans) choose birthing sites guided by substrate cues with no evidence for a role of pheromones
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Difference in effect of pheromone for monitoring the European spruce bark beetle
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Data from: Attack and aggregation of a major squash pest: parsing the role of plant chemistry and beetle pheromones across spatial scales
<p>1. Successful management of insect crop pests requires an understanding of the cues and spatial scales at which they function to affect rates of attack of preferred and non-preferred host plants. A long-standing conceptual framework in insect-plant ecology posits that there is hierarchical structure spanning host location, acceptance, and attack that could be exploited for integrated pest management.</p> <p>2. We investigated how plant- and insect-derived chemical cues affect successive decisions of host choice in aggregating insects, and tested predictions in the Cucurbita pepo - Acalymma vittatum system. Acalymma vittatum is an aggregating specialist beetle pest that strongly prefers zucchini (C. p. pepo) to summer squash (C. p. ovifera), two independent domesticates of C. pepo. We hypothesized that subspecies-specific plant traits, especially volatile cues, interact with the male-produced aggregation pheromone to amplify beetle preference for C. p. pepo.</p> <p>3. Differential beetle attack of C. pepo subspecies in the field is not determined by plant traits that affect host finding or differential aggregation due to pheromones: across two years, beetles had strong density-dependent attraction to both subspecies when male beetles were feeding, and no interactions between plant volatiles and the male-produced pheromone were detected. In absence of male pheromone emission, beetles were equally unattracted to plants with or without beetle feeding.</p> <p>4. In contrast, plant traits that mediate insect acceptance appear to underlie differences in preference. At a local scale, beetles did not accept and emigrated from C. p. ovifera compared to C. p. pepo. Distinct volatile emissions were observed between subspecies, but further work is needed to identify if these volatiles promote emigration.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications: By dissecting pest preference during successive host choice decisions, we isolated a trait with implications for pest management. Beetles on cucurbits can be managed by employing cultivars with differential susceptibility (e.g. trap cropping), and the mechanistic knowledge presented here informs best practices and limitations for on-farm applications. More broadly, pest management in diversified cropping systems can be enhanced through understanding how plant preference gradients affect herbivore movement and behavior, and plant breeders can target traits to reduce herbivory in such systems.</p>
Development of Multi-component Non-Sex Pheromone Blends to Monitor both Sexes of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
<p>Raw data of codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) captures by using blends of Volatile Organic Compounds in ternary and quaternary combinations (3- and 4-compoment lures) in USA during 2019.</p>
More to legs than meets the eye: Presence and function of pheromone compounds on heliothine moth legs
<p><span>Chemical communication is ubiquitous in nature and chemical signals convey species-specific messages. Despite their specificity, chemical signals may not be limited to only one function. Identifying alternative functions of chemical signals is key to understanding how chemical communication systems evolve. Here, we explored alternative functions of moth sex pheromone compounds. These chemicals are generally produced in, and emitted from, dedicated sex pheromone glands, but some have recently also been found on the insects' legs. We identified and quantified the chemicals in leg extracts of the three heliothine moth species </span><em><span>Chloridea </span><span>(</span><span>Heliothis</span><span>)</span></em><span><em> virescens</em>, <em>Chloridea </em></span><em><span>(</span><span>Heliothis</span><span>)</span><span>subflexa</span></em><span>, and <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em>, compared their chemical profiles and explored the </span><span>biological function of pheromone compounds on moth legs. </span><span>Identical pheromone compounds were present on the legs in both sexes of all three species, with no striking interspecies or intersex differences. Surprisingly, we also found pheromone-related acetate esters in leg extracts of species that lack acetate esters in their female sex pheromone. When we assessed gene expression levels in the leg tissue, we found </span><span>known and putative pheromone biosynthesis genes expressed, which </span><span>suggests that moth legs may be additional sites of pheromone production</span><span>. To determine possible additional roles of the pheromone compounds on legs, we explored whether these may act as oviposition-deterring signals, which does not seem to be the case. However, when we tested whether these chemicals have antimicrobial properties, we found that two pheromone compounds (16:Ald and 16:OH) reduce bacterial growth. Such an additional function of previously identified pheromone compounds likely coincides with additional selection pressures and, thus, should be considered in scenarios on the evolution of these signals.</span></p>
Dataset for Identification of giant hornet, Vespa mandarinia, queen sex pheromone components
<p>The Vespidae are a diverse family of wasps and hornets that contain invasive species and are formidable predators of insects, including social bees. Recently, the world’s largest hornet, <em>Vespa mandarinia</em> Smith(Hymenoptera: Vespidae), which occurs naturally in the Indomalayan region, has been found in Canada and United States. Some simulations indicate it could rapidly spread throughout Washington, Oregon, and parts of the eastern USA, threaten native bees and honey bees, and harm bee-pollinated crop production worth nearly $12 million annually. There is consequently an urgent need to learn more about <em>V. mandarinia</em>’s reproductive biology and to develop trapping methods to locate its nests and control its reproduction. We identified <em>V. mandarinia</em> queen-produced sex pheromone from the 5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> intersegmental sternal glands of virgin queens. The major active compounds were hexanoic acid (HA), octanoic acid (OA) and decanoic acid (DA). When placed in field traps, the synthetic compounds and a queen-equivalent mixture rapidly attracted hundreds of males. This dataset provides the data used in this paper.</p>
Use of pheromone traps as a monitoring tool for the citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri) on cocoa farms
<p>This study developed and optimised a method for the monitoring of populations of <em>P. citri</em> using pheromone-baited traps on cocoa farms and established seasonal activity of <em>P. citri</em> in Cross River State, Nigeria. The effect of time of day, pheromone trap design (Delta and sticky trap), colour (red, blue, yellow, and white) and height placement (0.3. 0.9 and 1.8m) on the capture of adult male <em>P. citri</em> and non-target insects was studied. <em>Planococcus citri</em> was observed to be present year-round with a peak in April, which coincided with the highest air temperatures. By checking traps for diel activity, it was revealed that male flight activity was highest between 1800-0600. Trap design and colour had no significant effect on the number of male <em>P. citri</em> captured, although a smaller number of non-target insects were recorded in Delta traps. Trap height placement had a significant effect on the number of <em>P. citri,</em> and non-target species caught, with the highest number of captures obtained at the lowest trap height (0.3m) and capture rate decreasing as trap height increased. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of trapped male <em>P. citri</em> and air temperature. The results suggest that <em>P. citri</em> is present all year round in the field, that Delta traps are a more suitable trap type, and that 0.3m is an effective height for the monitoring of <em>P. citri</em> on cocoa farms. These findings could be used to improve mealybug monitoring on cocoa farms and could be utilised for the development of an integrated pest management programme.</p>
Geographic variation of sex pheromone of oriental armyworm Mythimna separata associated with overwintering sites and migration
<p>In China, the sex pheromone component of the oriental armyworm has always been considered to be cis-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald), but inconsistent and confused results have been found in practical use in the field trapping throughout the country. We confirmed two types of sex pheromones in the oriental armyworm by extract and analysis of pheromone gland from single female moth. The EAG results show that there are two types of male moths collected in the field. One type has strong EAG response to Z11-16:Ald but weak to Z11-16:Ac and Z11-16:OH, and the other type has strong responses to Z11-16:Ac and Z11-16:OH but weak response to Z11-16:Ald. Therefore, two types of mixtures have been evaluated in several locations from South to North China in the last several years. One mixture is composed of key component Z11-16:Ald, and other isomers. cis 11-hexadecenol (Z11-16:OH) has been found to be an inhibitor, and hexadecanal has no synergistic effect. Another is a mixture of cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac) and Z11-16:OH. The most optimal ratio was found to be 8:2. It is mainly composed of Z11-16:Ac and Z11-16:OH in Guangdong. This blend was also found active in the coastal areas such as Zhejiang, Guangdong and Hainan in spring, but both blends are attractive in autumn. Basically one of the two or mixed are attractive in other locations, which depends on the locations. Therefore, it is inferred that the sex pheromone composition of the oriental armyworm is related to climatic and geographical locations, and there are differences in different years. Therefore, the monitoring of the oriental armyworm needs to be employed by two blends at the same time in China.</p>
Data From: Exploitation of an ancestral pheromone biosynthetic pathway contributes to diversification in Heliconius butterflies
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>During courtship, male butterflies produce androconial secretions containing male sex pheromones (MSPs) that communicate species identity and affect female choice. MSPs are thus likely candidates as reproductive barriers, yet their role in speciation remains poorly studied. Although <em>Heliconius </em>butterflies are a model system in speciation, their MSPs have not been investigated from a macroevolutionary perspective. We use GC-MS to characterise male androconial secretions in 33 of the 69 species in the Heliconiini tribe. We found these blends to be species-specific, consistent with a role in reproductive isolation. We detected a burst in blend diversification rate at the most speciose genus,<em> Heliconius</em>; a consequence of <em>Heliconius</em> and <em>Eueides</em> species using a fatty acid metabolic pathway to unlock more complex blends than basal Heliconiini species, whose secretions are dominated by plant derivatives. A comparison of 10 sister species pairs demonstrates a striking positive correlation between blend dissimilarity and range overlap, consistent with a scenario of character displacement or reinforcement in sympatry. These results demonstrate for the first time that MSP diversification can promote reproductive isolation across this group of butterflies, showcasing how re-activation of an ancestral trait, the co-option of the fatty acid metabolic pathway for pheromone production, can facilitate rapid speciation. </span></p>
Data from: Sexy fingers: Pheromones in the glands of male dendrobatid frogs
<p>Our study investigates the role of the swollen fingers of two dendrobatid species, <em>Leucostethus brachistriatus, </em>and <em>Epipedobates anthonyi,</em> in pheromone production using whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq). We examined differential gene expression in the swollen versus non-swollen fingers and toes. The overwhelming pattern of gene expression in both species was strong upregulation of sodefrin precursor-like factors (SPFs) in swollen fingers, a well-known pheromone system in salamanders. As part of the results, we include a fasta-file with the RNA-seq assemblies from each species, as well as their annotation and Differential expression (DE) analyses. Likewise, we include the alignment of some of the most highly expressed sodefrin precursor-like-factor (SPF) sequences</p>
Fig. 1. Pherocon 1C wing trap with a in Captures of Stenoma catenifer (Lepidoptera: Depressariidae) are influenced by pheromone trap density in Hass avocado orchards
Fig. 1. Pherocon 1C wing trap with a commercial pheromone.
Fig. 1 in Reproductive behavior and sex pheromone production in Eutectona machaeralis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Fig. 1. Hourly emergence of Eutectona machaeralis adults in the laboratory during scotophase.
Fig. 2 in Response to enantiomers of (Z3Z9)-6,7-epoxy-octadecadiene, sex pheromone component of Ectropis obliqua Prout (Lepidoptera: Geometridae): electroantennagram test, field trapping, and in silico study
Fig. 2. Field trial of Ectropis obliqua Prout. (A) Water pan trap; (B) male moths captured.
Pheromone relay networks in the honeybee: messenger workers distribute the queen's fertility signal throughout the hive
<p>This resource contains two items:</p><p>1. Dataset; Within-hive trajectories of individually-tagged honeybee workers.</p><p>2. Model; A C++ script for simulating queen pheromone transmission via physical contacts between bees. </p>
Environmental decomposition of olefinic cuticular hydrocarbons of Periplaneta americana generates a volatile pheromone that guides social behaviour
<p>Once emitted, semiochemicals are exposed to reactive environmental factors that may alter them, thus disrupting chemical communication. Some species, however, might have adapted to detect environmentally mediated breakdown products of their natural chemicals as semiochemicals. We demonstrate that air, water vapour and ultraviolet (UV) radiation break down unsaturated cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of Periplaneta americana (American cockroach), resulting in the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In behavioural assays, nymphs strongly avoided aggregating in shelters exposed to the breakdown VOCs from cuticular alkenes. The three treatments (air, water<br> vapour, UV) produced the same VOCs, but at different time-courses and ratios. Fourteen VOCs from UV-exposed CHCs elicited electrophysiological responses in nymph antennae; 10 were identified as 2-nonanone, 1-pentanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, tetradecanal, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid and hexanoic acid. When short-chain fatty acids were tested as a mix and a blend of the alcohols and aldehyde was tested as a second mix, nymphs exhibited no preference for control or treated shelters. However, nymphs avoided shelters that were exposed to VOCs from the complete 10-compound mix. Conditioned shelters (occupied by cockroaches with faeces and CHCs deposited on the shelters), which are normally highly attractive to nymphs, were also avoided after UV exposure, confirming that breakdown products from deposited metabolites, including CHCs,mediate this behaviour. Our results demonstrate that common environmental agents degrade CHCs into behaviourally active volatile compounds that potentially may serve as necromones or epideictic pheromones, mediating group dissolution.</p>
Data from: Comparative genomic analysis of the pheromone receptor Class 1 family (V1R) reveals extreme complexity in mouse lemurs (genus, Microcebus) and a chromosomal hotspot across mammals
<p><span>Sensory gene families are of special interest, both for what they can tell us about molecular evolution, and for what they imply as mediators of social communication. The vomeronasal type-1 receptors (V1Rs) have often been hypothesized as playing a fundamental role in driving or maintaining species boundaries given their likely function as mediators of intraspecific mate choice, particularly in nocturnal mammals. Here, we employ a comparative genomic approach for revealing patterns of V1R evolution within primates, with a special focus on the small-bodied nocturnal mouse and dwarf lemurs of Madagascar (genera <i>Microcebus</i> and <i>Cheirogaleus</i>, respectively). By doubling the existing genomic resources for strepsirrhine primates (i.e., the lemurs and lorises), we find that the highly speciose and morphologically cryptic mouse lemurs have experienced an elaborate proliferation of V1Rs that we argue is functionally related to their capacity for rapid lineage diversification. Contrary to a previous study that found equivalent degrees of V1R diversity in diurnal and nocturnal lemurs, our study finds a strong correlation between nocturnality and V1R elaboration, with nocturnal lemurs showing elaborate V1R repertoires and diurnal lemurs showing less diverse repertoires. Recognized subfamilies among V1Rs show unique signatures of diversifying positive selection, </span>as might be expected if they have each evolved to respond to specific stimuli<span>. Further, a detailed syntenic comparison of mouse lemurs with mouse (genus <i>Mus</i>) and other mammalian outgroups shows that orthologous mammalian subfamilies, predicted to be of ancient origin, tend to cluster in a densely populated region across syntenic chromosomes that we refer to as a V1R "hotspot."</span></p>
Figure 6 in Exploiting assembly pheromone for the control of ixodid ticks
Figure 6 Comparison of the per cent attraction of adult ticks after 24 hours.
Figure 5 in Exploiting assembly pheromone for the control of ixodid ticks
Figure 5 Comparison of the per cent attraction of ixodid tick larvae after 24 hours.
Increasing catches of adult moth pests (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in pome fruit with low-intensity LED lights added to sex pheromone / kairomone lure-baited traps.
<p>Raw data of field studies trapping different tortricid pest species with pheromone/kairomone lures and LED lights added to the traps.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.