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FIG. 13 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 13. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. similis; (B) P. artocarpae; (C) P. curvata; (D) P. calcarata; (E) P. javanica; (F) P. wilderi. (A–F) Forewing. Scale bar: a, A, B; b, C–E; c, F.

FIG. 10 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 10. Paurocephala spp.: (A, C, E, G) P. elegans; (B, D, F, H) P. kleinhoŽae (Taiwan). (A, B) Male genitalia, lateral view; (C, D) distal segment of aedeagus; (E, F) paramere, inner surface; (G, H) female genitalia, lateral view. Scale bar: a, A, B; b, C, E; c, D, F; d, G; e, H.

FIG. 9 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 9. Paurocephala spp.: (A, F) P. elegans; (B, G, I) P. kleinhoae (Taiwan); (C, H) P. kleinhoae (Philippines); (D) P. lienhardi; (E) P. brendelli. (A–E) forewing; (F) antenna; (G, H) distal segments of antenna; (I) metacoxa. Scale bar: a, A–C; b, D; c, E; d, F–H; e, I.

FIG. 1 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 1. Forewing: (A) morphological terminology; (B) lines indicating measurements when quantifying length of veins and connections.

Figure 10 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 10. Ancestral state reconstructions for the genus Hemicycliophora based on parsimony (left maximum parsimony tree) and Bayesian inference (BI; right: BI tree) of A, vulval lip structure; B, tail shape; C, presence of males. Posterior probabilities for each character state are indicated as pie charts in the majority consensus BI tree.

Figure 9 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 9. Ancestral state reconstructions for the genus Hemicycliophora based on parsimony (left maximum parsimony tree) and Bayesian inference (BI; right: BI tree) of A, average body length; B, average stylet length; C, average R (total number of body annuli); D, average RV (number of annuli between posterior end of body and vulva). Posterior probabilities for each character state are indicated as pie charts in the majority consensus BI tree.

Figure 7 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 7. Phylogenetic relationships within populations and species of the genus Hemicycliophora as inferred from Bayesian analysis using the D2-D3 of the 28S rRNA gene sequence data set with the general time reversible substitution model with estimation of invariant sites and assuming a gamma distribution with four categories. Posterior probabilities of over 70% are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences are indicated in bold.

Figure 5 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 5. Photomicrographs of specimens of a Spanish population of Hemicycliophora obtusa Thorne, 1955. A, entire female body; B, female pharyngeal region; C, female anterior region; D, detail of lateral field; E, F, vulval and tail regions; G, pharyngeal region of pre-adult male showing absence of stylet; H, I, detail of spicules and bursa of pre-adult male. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B, C, E–I = 20 μm; D = 10 μm.

Figure 3 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 3. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of specimens of populations of selected Hemicycliophora species. A–D, lip region; E–L, lateral field. A, Hemicycliophora wyei (North Carolina, USA) (CD683); B, Hemicycliophora poranga (California, USA) (CD714); C, Hemicycliophora sp. 3 (Arizona, USA) (CD715); D, Hemicycliophora californica (California, USA) (CD826B); E, Hemicycliophora gracilis (California, USA) (CD45); F, H. wyei (North Carolina, USA) (CD679); G, H. californica (CD826B); H, H. wyei (CD683); I, H. poranga (CD714); J, Hemicycliophora sp. 3 (CD715); K, Hemicycliophora sp. 4 (North Carolina, USA) (CD675); L, H. californica CD826B). Scale bars: A–C, E, G–J, L = 5 μm; D = 2 μm; F, K = 10 μm.

Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 2. Photomicrographs of specimens of populations of selected Hemicycliophora species. A–E, anterior region; F–J, lateral field: K–O, posterior region. A, F, K, Hemicycliophora floridensis (topotype, Florida, USA); B, G, L, Hemicycliophora poranga (California, USA); C, H, M, Hemicycliophora sp. 11 (Florida, USA), D, I, N, Hemicycliophora sp. 4 (North Carolina, USA); E, J, O, Hemicycliophora wyei (North Carolina, USA). Scale bars: A–E, K–O = 10 μm; F–J = 5 μm.

Figure 4 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 4. Photomicrographs of specimens of a new Spanish population of Hemicycliophora iberica Castillo et al., 1989. A, entire female body; B, female pharyngeal region; C, female anterior region; D, posterior region; E, detail of lateral field; F–I, female tail tips. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B–D, F–I = 20 μm; E = 10 μm. ep, excretory pore.

Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 1. Photomicrographs of specimens of populations of selected Hemicycliophora species. A–F, anterior region; G–L, lateral field; M–R, posterior region. A, G, M, Hemicycliophora conida (Washington State, USA); B, H, N, Hemicycliophora sp. 3 (Arizona, USA); C, I, O, Hemicycliophora sp. 8 (California, USA); D, J, P, Hemicycliophora raskii (California, USA); E, K, Q, Hemicycliophora sp. 10 (California, USA); F, L, R, Hemicycliophora californica (California, USA). Scale bars: A–F, M–R = 10 μm; G–L = 5 μm.

Figure 8 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 8. Phylogenetic relationships within populations and species of the genus Hemicycliophora as inferred from Bayesian analysis using the internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene sequence data set with the general time reversible substitution model with estimation of invariant sites and assuming a gamma distribution with four categories. Posterior probabilities of over 70% are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences are indicated in bold.

FIGURE 16 in Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURE 16. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the species of Rhinusa based on morphological characters only. Characters are weighted using an iterative a posteriori weighting procedure. The diagram is a strict consensus tree derived from 14 shortest trees under the parsimony criterion. Numbers at the internodes show bootstrap support percentages (1000 pseudoreplicates).

FIGURE 19 in Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURE 19. Host plant preferences of extant species of Rhinusa and inferred evolutionary transitions of host associations mapped onto the strictly morphological equal-weights topology (cf. Fig. 14). The reconstruction suggests that Antirrhineae (Plantaginaceae) are the ancestral hosts for Rhinusa and that the switch to Scrophulariaceae evolved in a single step in the lineage of the R. bipustulata + R. tetra groups. A = Antirrhinum; C = Chaenorhinum; K = Kickxia; L = Linaria; Lo = Lotus L.; M = Misopates; P = Plantago L.; Sc = Scrophularia; Sa = Salix L.; V = Verbascum; Vn = Veronica L.

FIGURES 6–13 in Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURES 6–13. (6) Rhinusa collina, aedeagus in dorsal view; (7) R. collina, aedeagus in lateral view; (8) R. uncipes, aedeagus in lateral view; (9) R. vestita, aedeagus in dorsal view; (10) R. littorea, spiculum ventrale; (11) R. brondelii, spermatheca; (12) R. linariae, spermatheca; (13) R. asellus, spermatheca. Numbers indicate characters and states. Not drawn to the same scale.

FIGURE 17 in Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURE 17. One of 46 shortest trees for the species of Rhinusa derived from parsimony analysis of the morphological equal-weights matrix. Character (above) and state (below) distributions are mapped under unambiguous transformation. Black squares indicate unique transformed characters whereas white circles represent homoplasious characters.

FIGURE 15 in Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURE 15. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the species of Rhinusa based on the combined morphological and host plant information. All characters are equally weighted. The diagram is a strict consensus tree derived from 3128 optimal trees under the parsimony criterion. Numbers at the internodes show bootstrap support percentages (1000 pseudoreplicates).

FIGURE 14 in Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURE 14. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the species of Rhinusa based on morphological characters only. All characters are equally weighted. The diagram is a strict consensus tree derived from 46 optimal trees under the parsimony criterion. Numbers at the internodes show bootstrap support percentages (1000 pseudoreplicates).

FIG. 23 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 23. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. dayak; (B) P. oceanica; (C) P. marginata; (D) P. palawanensis; (E) P. trematos; (F) P. macrochaetis; (G) P. sauteri; (H) P. boehmeriae. (A–H) Male genitalia, lateral view. Scale bar: a, A–D; b, E, G; c, F, H.