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110 results for “plant spacing”
Fig. 6 in Computational insight into the chemical space of plant growth regulators
Fig. 6. The Sammon map showing the distribution of the compounds within the related chemical space; outliers indicated by the ellipse are spread beyond the scope of the major set population. Axis per se do not make sense as they simply organize outputted 2D-lattice.
Fig. 7 in Computational insight into the chemical space of plant growth regulators
Fig. 7. The Kohonen map constructed for the whole reference dataset. The scale at the bottom identifies the number of compounds located in a node; the axes indicate the coordinates of neurons within the lattice; the contours are smoothed.
Home sweet home: Evaluation of native versus exotic plants as resources for insects in urban green spaces
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Data from: Geographic space, relief, and soils predict plant community patterns of Asteraceae in rupestrian grasslands, Brazil
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Data from: Determinants of parasitoid communities of willow-galling sawflies: habitat overrides physiology, host plant, and space
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Data from: Trait patterns across space and time suggest an interplay of facilitation and competition acting on Neotropical hummingbird-pollinated plant communities
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Plant-pollinator interactions between generalists persist over time and space
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Data from: Life in interstitial space: biocrusts inhibit exotic but not native plant establishment in semi-arid grasslands
1. Exotic plant species commonly exploit disturbances more successfully than native plants. This outcome is widely attributed to the fact that disturbance reduces biotic resistance from native plant competitors. However, biocrusts, communities of mosses, lichens and microorganisms, are a prominent component of semi-arid grasslands occurring in the interstitial spaces between vascular plants. Biocrusts may provide an important source of biotic resistance to invaders, different from native plant competition, but poorly understood. 2. We established a large-scale field experiment to examine how intact versus disturbed biocrusts influenced the emergence and establishment of four native and four exotic plant species in intermountain bunchgrass systems over two years - one wet and one dry. We also conducted a complementary greenhouse experiment to explore how differences in moisture might influence biocrust effects on germination. 3. In the greenhouse, biocrusts inhibited the germination of both native and exotic plants in the high moisture treatment only. In field experiments, biocrusts inhibited the overall emergence of exotic seedlings in the wetter of the two years and inhibited the establishment of exotic seedlings in both years, but they had no overall effect on the emergence or establishment of native seedlings. Our results demonstrate that intact biocrusts in intermountain grasslands can suppress the establishment of some exotic plants, but have much weaker effects on natives. They also suggest that water availability may influence biocrust effects on seed germination. 4. Synthesis. Our results indicate that intact biocrusts may provide an important source of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions in intermountain grasslands. Furthermore, precipitation inputs may mediate biocrust effects on plant establishment.
Data from: Linkage of plant trait space to successional age and species richness in boreal forest understory vegetation
Determining the changes in within- and between-species functional diversity in plant communities, and their contribution to overall species trait overlap, can enhance efforts at understanding mechanisms of species coexistence. However, little is known about how variation in species functional diversity influences variation in species trait overlap among contrasting environments. Here, we studied the understorey vegetation in a well-characterized 5000-year-old chronosequence involving 30 forested islands that differ greatly in size, soil fertility, and species diversity. Across this chronosequence we expected consistent changes in both within- and between-species functional diversity that would lead to decreasing overall species trait overlap with increasing successional age, species richness, understorey vegetation density and spatial heterogeneity of soil resources. For each island we measured specific leaf area (SLA) of each of ten individuals of each plant species present. Using a variance decomposition method, we partitioned the total community functional diversity of SLA on each island into within- and between-species functional diversity. Further, we estimated overall species trait overlap as the ratio of within-species functional diversity to total functional diversity. Using regression analyses we then explored relationships of within- and between-species functional diversity, and of overall species trait overlap, with several environmental variables across the 30 islands. Consistent with our hypotheses, overall species trait overlap decreased with successional age due to a statistically significant decrease in within-species functional diversity, and decreased with species richness due to a simultaneous decrease in within-species functional diversity and increase in between-species functional diversity. Against our predictions, overall species trait overlap increased in more competitive environments and did not change with increasing spatial heterogeneity of soil N or P. Synthesis: Our study suggests niche packing as a key mechanism for species coexistence in plant communities. Using SLA as an integrator of plant ecological strategy we show that community successional age and species richness are significantly linked to trait space distribution of plant individuals of boreal forest understorey vegetation and therefore to local species coexistence. Our results also suggest that the trait space of dominant and subordinate species may respond differently to local environmental variables.
Fig. 1 in Computational insight into the chemical space of plant growth regulators
Fig. 1. Representative examples of phytohormones.
Fig. 5 in Computational insight into the chemical space of plant growth regulators
Fig. 5. The representative examples of the reference scaffolds.
Fig. 2 in Computational insight into the chemical space of plant growth regulators
Fig. 2. The mechanisms of action for herbicides (examples).
Lifespan, clonality and polyploidy regulate the global environmental niches of plants via seed dispersal in space and time
<p>Global environmental niches have been considered in relation to the effectiveness of environmental management. Functional traits can explain the environmental niches of plant species at different spatial scales, from community to globe. However, the roles of seed dispersal in space and time in plant environmental niche and tolerance are not clear. Furthermore, knowledge of the regulation of plants' global environmental niches by lifespan, clonality and polyploidy remains limited. In response, the main objective of the research reported here was to explore how these factors regulate the global environmental niches of plants via seed dispersal in space and time. We obtained data on plant species' seed mass, seed dispersal ability, dormancy, lifespan, clonality and polyploidy from a variety of databases and quantified global environmental niche and tolerance based on the niche axes of climate, soil and elevation. Subsequently, we used phylogenetic generalized least square linear regression and structural equation models to assess the relationships of seed traits (i.e. seed mass, seed dispersal distance and dormancy), lifespan, clonality and polyploidy with environmental niches. We found significant relationships between seed mass, seed dispersal distance, dormancy, lifespan, clonality and polyploidy on the one hand and environmental niche and tolerance on the other, based on the axes of climate, soil and elevation. Compared with lifespan, ploidy and clonality, seed traits explained more variations in environmental niches and tolerance for plants. Importantly, we built pathways indicating that lifespan, clonality and polyploidy regulate the global environmental niche and tolerance of plants via seed mass and/or seed dispersal in space and time. Our study clearly highlights the mechanisms underlying environmental niches from different perspectives, including seed temporal-spatial dispersal, lifespan, clonality and polyploidy. Environmental niche theory may broadly support global-change-adaptation management for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem maintenance using the perspective of spatial and temporal patterns in ecology.</p>
Predictive ability of perennial ryegrass spaced-plant nurseries for turfgrass and seed production swards in Minnesota
<p>Turf-type perennial ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.) success depends both on adequate turfgrass quality and economic seed yield. In most breeding programs, spaced plants are the initial unit of selection in which observations of related individuals dictate selections of superior germplasm for further testing. As such, spaced plants must be predictive of both seed production and turfgrass growing environments. This study investigated the effectiveness of both standard (3 plants m<sup>-2</sup>) and competitive (23 plants m<sup>-2</sup>) spaced-plant nurseries as selection environments with respect to two sward environments as well as employed a novel image analysis technique for several key traits. Seed production, turfgrass, and the two spaced-plant growing environments were tested at two locations in Minnesota. Turfgrass quality traits were measured in 2017 and 2018 and seed production traits were measured in 2018. Automated image analysis was able to predict the traditional visual scoring values at both locations for crown rust severity (r<sub>p</sub> > 0.79, P < 0.001), winter injury (r<sub>p</sub> > 0.89, P < 0.001), and texture (r<sub>p</sub> > 0.88, P < 0.001). Increasing competition in between spaced plants altered plant phenotype and improved accuracy for vegetative biomass, crown rust severity, seed yield, and at one location, turfgrass quality. There was no benefit of increasing competition for several traits such as genetic color, fertile tillers, and spikelet number. While the competitive design was not useful for all traits, from a feasibility standpoint the competitive design took up less space and often made measurements and observations much easier for bunch-type grasses.</p>
Fig. 3 in Precipitation is the main axis of tropical plant phylogenetic turnover across space and time
Fig. 3. Phyloregionalization of Mimosoids. (A) Phylogenetic regionalization of Mimosoid legumes within continents and correspondence between phyloregion boundaries and isohyets in (B) eastern South America, (C) West Africa, and (D) Australia. Colored map cells denote phyloregions but are not indicative of phylogenetic proximity between regions; dashed lines indicate borders between continents and regionalizations. Pie charts (A) show niche distributions of species (categories follow Fig. 1). See Figs. S36 to S41 and S44 for results of pantropical clustering, different numbers of phyloregions, and clusters obtained using ancient turnover, geographic residuals, and a genus-level Mimosoid phylogeny.
Data from: Life in interstitial space: biocrusts inhibit exotic but not native plant establishment in semi-arid grasslands
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Lifespan, clonality and polyploidy regulate the global environmental niches of plants via seed dispersal in space and time
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Data from: Linkage of plant trait space to successional age and species richness in boreal forest understory vegetation
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Data from: Hoverfly preference for high honeydew amounts creates enemy-free space for aphids colonizing novel host plants
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Predictive ability of perennial ryegrass spaced-plant nurseries for turfgrass and seed production swards in Minnesota
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.