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676 results for “population density”
Greater reproductive assurance of asexual plant compared to sexual relative in a low density sympatric population – experimental evidence for pollen limitation
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Multidimensional plasticity of phenology: Assessing the effects of population density on plastic responses of breeding time to temperature
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A comparison of density estimation methods for monitoring marked and unmarked animal populations
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Data from: Protection status, human disturbance, snow cover and trapping drive density of a declining wolverine population in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
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Coyote Population Densities at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1992-2004)
This study measured the population dynamics of coyotes in the grasslands and creosote shrublands of McKenzie Flats, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. The study was begun in January, 1992, and continued quarterly each year. Coyotes were sampled via scat counts along the roads of McKenzie Flats during winter, spring, summer, and fall of each year. The entire road transect was 21.5 miles in length. Scat counts over a week period (number of scats/mile/day) in each season along the roads were used to calculate the densities of coyotes (number of coyotes per square kilometer). Results from 1992 to 2002 indicated that autumn was the peak density period of the year, with generally steady declines through the year until the following autumn. Coyote populations appeared to fluctuate seasonally, but remained relatively stable at 0.27 +/- 0.03 (SE) coyotes per km2 during summer periods (this likely represents the "breeding pair" density, during which coyote pairs have set up territories and are raising young, but the pups have not as yet joined the parents in foraging activities).
Rabbit Population Densities at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1992-2004)
This study measured the population dynamics of black-tail jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) and desert cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus auduboni) in the grasslands and creosote shrublands of McKenzie Flats, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. The study was begun in January, 1992, and continued quarterly each year. Rabbits were sampled via night-time spotlight transect sampling along the roads of McKenzie Flats during winter, spring, summer, and fall of each year. The entire road transect was 21.5 miles in length. Measurements of perpendicular distance of each rabbit from the center of the road were used to estimate densities (number of rabbits per square kilometer) via Program DISTANCE. Results from 1992 to 2002 indicated that spring was the peak density period of the year, with generally steady declines through the year until the following spring. Evidence of a long-term "cycle" (e.g., the 11 year cycle reported for rabbits in the Great Basin Desert) did not appear in the Sevilleta rabbit populations.
Mammal population densities at a global scale are higher in human-modified areas
Global landscapes are changing due to human activities with consequences for both biodiversity and ecosystems. For single species, terrestrial mammal population densities have shown mixed responses to human pressure, with both increasing and decreasing densities reported in the literature. How the impacts of human activities on mammal populations translates into altered global density patterns remains unclear. Here we aim to disentangle the effect of human impacts on large-scale patterns of mammal population densities using a global dataset of 6729 population density estimates for 468 mammal species (representing 59% and 44% of mammalian orders and families). We fitted a mixed effect model to explain the variation in density based on a 1-degree resolution as a function of the Human Footprint Index (HFI), a global proxy of direct and indirect human disturbances, while accounting for body mass, trophic level and primary productivity (Normalized Vegetation Index; NDVI). We found a significant positive relationship between population density and HFI, where population densities were higher in areas with a higher HFI (e.g., agricultural or suburban areas – no populations were located in very high HFI urban areas) compared to areas with a low HFI (e.g., wilderness areas). We also tested the effect of the individual components of the HFI and still found a consistent positive effect. The relationships remained positive even across populations of the same species, although variability among species was high. Our results indicate shifts in mammal population densities in human modified landscapes, which is due to the combined effect of species filtering, increased resources, and a possible reduction in competition and predation. Our study provides further evidence that macroecological patterns are being altered by human activities, where some species will benefit from these activities, while others will be negatively impacted or even extirpated.
Data from: Dispersal patterns in a medium-density Irish badger population: implications for understanding the dynamics of tuberculosis transmission.
<p>European badgers (<i>Meles meles</i>) are group-living mustelids implicated in the spread of bovine tuberculosis (TB)<i> </i>to cattle and act as a wildlife reservoir for the disease. In badgers, only a minority of individuals disperse from their natal social group. However, dispersal may be extremely important for the spread of TB, as dispersers could act as hubs for disease transmission. We monitored a population of 139 wild badgers over seven years in a medium-density population (1.8 individuals/ km<sup>2</sup>). GPS-tracking collars were applied to 80 different individuals. Of these, we identified 25 dispersers, 14 of which were wearing collars as they dispersed. This allowed us to record the process of dispersal in much greater detail than ever before. We show that dispersal is an extremely complex process, and measurements of straight-line distance between old and new social groups can severely underestimate how far dispersers travel. Assumptions of straight-line travel can also underestimate direct and indirect interactions and the potential for disease transmission. For example, one female disperser which eventually settled 1.5 km from her natal territory travelled 308 km and passed through 22 different territories during dispersal. Knowledge of badgers'ranging behaviour during dispersal is crucial to understanding the dynamics of TB transmission, and for designing appropriate interventions, such as vaccination.</p>
Influence of density and salinity on larval development of salt-adapted and salt-naïve frog populations
<p>Environmental change and habitat fragmentation will affect population densities for many species. For those species that have locally adapted to persist in changed or stressful habitats, it is uncertain how density dependence will affect adaptive responses. Anurans (frogs and toads) are typically freshwater organisms, but some coastal populations of green treefrogs (<i>Hyla cinerea</i>) have adapted to brackish, coastal wetlands. Tadpoles from coastal populations metamorphose sooner and demonstrate faster growth rates than inland populations when reared solitarily. Although saltwater exposure has adaptively reduced the duration of the larval period for coastal populations, increases in densities during larval development typically increase time to metamorphosis and reduce rates of growth and survival. We test how combined stressors of density and salinity affect larval development between salt-adapted ("coastal") and non-salt adapted ("inland") populations by measuring various developmental and metamorphic phenotypes. We found that increased tadpole density strongly affected coastal and inland tadpole populations similarly. In high-density treatments, both coastal and inland populations had reduced growth rates, greater exponential decay of growth, a smaller size at metamorphosis, took longer to reach metamorphosis, and had lower survivorship at metamorphosis. Salinity only exaggerated the effects of density on the time to reach metamorphosis and exponential decay of growth. Location of origin affected length at metamorphosis, with coastal tadpoles metamorphosing slightly longer than inland tadpoles across densities and salinities. These findings confirm that density has a strong and central influence on larval development even across divergent populations and habitat types and may mitigate the expression (and therefore detection) of locally adapted phenotypes.</p>
Data from: A test of a corollary of Allen's rule suggests a role for population density
A body of research by Russell Greenberg, Glenn Tattersall, and their colleagues has proposed a corollary of Allen's Rule: that in freshwater‐limited environments, bill surface area increases with temperature. Increases in both population density and sexual dimorphism, however, could also explain increases in bill surface area. After controlling for the effects of a hybrid zone, we tested whether temperature or population density in the Saltmarsh Sparrow (Ammospiza caudacuta), a sexually monomorphic estuarine specialist, explained greater variance in bill surface area. This allowed us to examine multiple potential selective mechanisms underlying the Greenberg‐Tattersall Corollary. We found that Saltmarsh Sparrows follow the general pattern of the Corollary (larger bills in warmer summer climates) but only after controlling for population density. The relationship between bill surface area and temperature varied inversely with population density. We discuss the relative abilities of sexual selection and ecological competition to explain these results.
Population structure of five native sheep breeds of Sweden estimated with high density SNP genotypes
Background <p>Native Swedish sheep breeds are part of the North European short-tailed sheep group; characterized in part by their genetic uniqueness. Our objective was to study the population structure of native Swedish sheep. Five breeds were genotyped using the 600 K SNP array. Dalapäls and Klövsjö sheep are from the middle of Sweden; Gotland and Gute sheep from Gotland, an island in the Baltic Sea; and Fjällnäs sheep from northern Sweden. We studied population structure by: principal component analysis (PCA), cluster-based analysis of admixture, and an estimated population tree.</p> Results <p>The analyses of the five Swedish breeds revealed that these breeds are five distinct breeds, while Gute and Gotland are more closely related to each other as seen in all analyses. All breeds had long branch lengths in the population tree indicating they've been subjected to drift. We repeated our analyses using 39 K SNP and including 50 K SNP genotypes from other European and southwestern Asian breeds from the Sheep HapMap project and 600 K SNP genotypes from a dataset of French sheep. Results arranged breeds into five groups: south-west Asia, south-west Europe, central Europe, north Europe and north European short-tailed sheep. Within this last group, Norwegian and Icelandic breeds, Finn and Romanov sheep, Scottish breeds, and Gute and Gotland sheep were more closely related while the remaining Swedish breeds and Ouessant sheep were distinct from all breeds and had longer branches in the population tree.</p> Conclusions <p>We showed population structure of five Swedish breeds and their structure within European and southwestern Asian breeds. Swedish breeds are unique, distinct breeds that have been subjected to drift but group with other north European short-tailed sheep.</p>
Figure 1 in Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) population density and relative abundance at the buffer zone of the Chingaza National Natural Park, cordillera oriental of the colombian andes
Figure 1. Natural covers map showing camera traps distribution at 9 grids throughout the study area.
Population densities in 1614 Plovdiv
<p>Appendix 1.18 Population density per quarter (inh./ha) in 1614 to the book Ottoman Plovdiv: Space, Architecture, and Population (14th-17th Centuries)</p>
Population densities in 1596 Plovdiv
<p>Appendix 1.16 Population density per quarter (inh./ha) in 1596 to the book Ottoman Plovdiv: Space, Architecture, and Population (14th-17th Centuries)</p>
Population densities in 1570 Plovdiv
<p>Appendix 1.14 Population density per quarter (inh./ha) in 1570 to the book Ottoman Plovdiv: Space, Architecture, and Population (14th-17th Centuries)</p>
Population densities in 1530 Plovdiv
<p>Appendix 1.12 Population density per quarter (inh./ha) in 1530 to the book Ottoman Plovdiv: Space, Architecture, and Population (14th-17th Centuries)</p>
Population densities in 1516 Plovdiv
<p>Appendix 1.8 Population density per quarter (inh./ha) in 1516 to the book Ottoman Plovdiv: Space, Architecture, and Population (14th-17th Centuries)</p>
Population densities in 1525 Plovdiv
<p>Appendix 1.10 Population density per quarter (inh./ha) in 1525 to the book Ottoman Plovdiv: Space, Architecture, and Population (14th-17th Centuries)</p>
Population densities in 1489 Plovdiv
<p>Appendix 1.6 Population density per quarter (inh./ha) in 1489 to the book Ottoman Plovdiv: Space, Architecture, and Population (14th-17th Centuries)</p>
Population densities in 1472 Plovdiv
<p>Appendix 1.4 Population density per quarter (inh./ha) in 1472 to the book Ottoman Plovdiv: Space, Architecture, and Population (14th-17th Centuries)</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.