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Patterns of hybrid seed inviability in perennials of the Mimulus guttatus sp. complex reveal a potential role of parental conflict in reproductive isolation
<p>Genomic conflicts may play a central role in the evolution of reproductive barriers. Theory predicts that early-onset hybrid inviability may stem from conflict between parents for resource allocation to offspring. <span>Here we describe <i>M. decorus;</i> a group of cryptic species within the <i>M. guttatus </i>species complex that are largely reproductively isolated by hybrid seed inviability (HSI). HSI between <i>M. guttatus </i>and <i>M. decorus </i>is common and strong, but populations of <i>M. decorus </i>vary in the magnitude and directionality of HSI with <i>M. guttatus</i>. Patterns of HSI between <i>M. guttatus </i>and <i>M. decorus, </i>as well as within <i>M. decorus </i>conform to the predictions of parental conflict: firstly, reciprocal F1s exhibit size differences and parent-of-origin specific endosperm defects, secondly the extent of asymmetry between reciprocal F1 seed size is correlated with asymmetry in HSI, and lastly, inferred differences in the extent of conflict predict the extent of HSI between populations. We also find that HSI is rapidly evolving, as populations that exhibit the most HSI are each others' closest relative. Lastly, while all populations are largely outcrossing, we find that the differences in the inferred strength of conflict scale positively with </span><span>p</span><span>, suggesting that demographic or life history factors may influence the rate of parental conflict driven evolution. Overall, these patterns suggest the rapid evolution of parent-of-origin specific resource allocation alleles coincident with HSI within and between <i>M. guttatus </i>and <i>M. decorus. </i>Parental conflict may therefore be an important evolutionary driver of reproductive isolation. </span></p>
Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925). in Muridae
Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925).
Figure 30. Reproductive systems. A in Reading between the lines: revealing cryptic species diversity and colour patterns in Hypselodoris nudibranchs (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Chromodorididae)
Figure 30. Reproductive systems. A, Hypselodoris variobranchia Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041285, scale bar: 1.5 mm. B, Hypseldoris violacea Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041286, scale bar: 2.0 mm. am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; ej, ejaculatory portion of the vas deferens; fgm, female gland mass; p, penis; pr, prostatic portion of vas deferens; rs, receptaculum seminis; ud, uterine duct; v, vagina; vg, vestibular gland.
Figure 13. Reproductive systems. A in Reading between the lines: revealing cryptic species diversity and colour patterns in Hypselodoris nudibranchs (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Chromodorididae)
Figure 13. Reproductive systems. A, Hypselodoris ghardaqana (Gohar & Aboul-Ela, 1957), CASIZ 192282, scale bar: 3.5 mm. B, Hypselodoris iba Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 177777, scale bar: 3.0 mm. C, Hypselodoris katherinae Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 181257, scale bar: 1.0 mm. D, Hypselodoris lacuna Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov.,
Figure 30. Reproductive systems. A in Reading between the lines: revealing cryptic species diversity and colour patterns in Hypselodoris nudibranchs (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Chromodorididae)
Figure 30. Reproductive systems. A, Hypselodoris variobranchia Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041285, scale bar: 1.5 mm. B, Hypseldoris violacea Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041286, scale bar: 2.0 mm. am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; ej, ejaculatory portion of the vas deferens; fgm, female gland mass; p, penis; pr, prostatic portion of vas deferens; rs, receptaculum seminis; ud, uterine duct; v, vagina; vg, vestibular gland.
Figure 4. Reproductive systems A in Reading between the lines: revealing cryptic species diversity and colour patterns in Hypselodoris nudibranchs (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Chromodorididae)
Figure 4. Reproductive systems A, Hypselodoris alburtuqali Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., holotype, CASIZ19229, scale bar: 0.5 mm. B, Hypselodoris maculosa (Pease, 1871), CASIZ 139595, scale bar: 0.75 mm. C, Hypselodoris brycei Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., paratype, WAM S12628, scale bar: 3.0 mm. D, Hypselodoris apolegma (Yonow, 2001), CASIZ 083743, scale bar: 2.0 mm. E, Hypselodoris cerisae Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., holotype CASIZ 178350, scale bar: 0.85 mm. F, Hypselodoris krakatoa Gosliner & Johnson, 1999, CASIZ 206801, Philippines, scale bar: 1.0 mm. G, Hypselodoris confetti Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., holotype, CASIZ 191070, scale bar: 0.60 mm. H, Hypselodoris decorata (Risbec, 1928), CASIZ 184316, scale bar: 0.60 mm. am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; ej, ejaculatory portion of the vas deferens; fgm, female gland mass; p, penis; pr, prostatic portion of vas deferens; rs, receptaculum seminis; ud, uterine duct; v, vagina; vg, vestibular gland.
Figure 13. Reproductive systems. A in Reading between the lines: revealing cryptic species diversity and colour patterns in Hypselodoris nudibranchs (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Chromodorididae)
Figure 13. Reproductive systems. A, Hypselodoris ghardaqana (Gohar & Aboul-Ela, 1957), CASIZ 192282, scale bar: 3.5 mm. B, Hypselodoris iba Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 177777, scale bar: 3.0 mm. C, Hypselodoris katherinae Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 181257, scale bar: 1.0 mm. D, Hypselodoris lacuna Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov.,
Figure 4. Reproductive systems A in Reading between the lines: revealing cryptic species diversity and colour patterns in Hypselodoris nudibranchs (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Chromodorididae)
Figure 4. Reproductive systems A, Hypselodoris alburtuqali Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., holotype, CASIZ19229, scale bar: 0.5 mm. B, Hypselodoris maculosa (Pease, 1871), CASIZ 139595, scale bar: 0.75 mm. C, Hypselodoris brycei Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., paratype, WAM S12628, scale bar: 3.0 mm. D, Hypselodoris apolegma (Yonow, 2001), CASIZ 083743, scale bar: 2.0 mm. E, Hypselodoris cerisae Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., holotype CASIZ 178350, scale bar: 0.85 mm. F, Hypselodoris krakatoa Gosliner & Johnson, 1999, CASIZ 206801, Philippines, scale bar: 1.0 mm. G, Hypselodoris confetti Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., holotype, CASIZ 191070, scale bar: 0.60 mm. H, Hypselodoris decorata (Risbec, 1928), CASIZ 184316, scale bar: 0.60 mm. am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; ej, ejaculatory portion of the vas deferens; fgm, female gland mass; p, penis; pr, prostatic portion of vas deferens; rs, receptaculum seminis; ud, uterine duct; v, vagina; vg, vestibular gland.
Fig. 1 Pattern representing a in Genetic analysis of dicyemid infrapopulations suggests sexual reproduction and host colonization by multiple individuals is common
Fig. 1 Pattern representing a distribution of microsatellite alleles in individual dicyemids. Dicyemids in each host individual did not share identical patterns of microsatellite alleles. Each row represents a single dicyemid individual. Microsatellite alleles are colour coded according to
Figure 1 in Reproductive phenology in a Neotropical aquatic snake shows marked seasonality influenced by rainfall patterns
Figure 1. Habitat of Helicops pastazae in the Bata River. (a) Map locating the studied population of H. pastazae. (b) Adult female of H. pastazae. (c) Bata River during the dry season surrounded by rocks and relictual forest. (d) Chivor dam. (e) Discharge of the water dam of Chivor. Photographs A-D by Diego A. Gómez-Sánchez, and photograph E by Adrian Pinzón.
Figure 4 in Reproductive phenology in a Neotropical aquatic snake shows marked seasonality influenced by rainfall patterns
Figure 4. Proportion of adult females and males of H. pastazae in different reproductive stages by season. (a) Females in previtellogenic (dark grey), vitellogenic I (light grey), vitellogenic II (white), and gravid (black) stages. (b) Males in stage 4 (black), stage 5 (dark grey), stage 6 (light grey), and stage 7 (white) of spermatogenesis. The numbers above the bars represent the sample size.
Figure 3 in Reproductive phenology in a Neotropical aquatic snake shows marked seasonality influenced by rainfall patterns
Figure 3. Monthly variation in gonadal measurements and reproductive stages versus mean rainfall by month. Striped bars indicate the 4-month dry season. White bars indicate the high-rainfall portion of the wet season and grey bars indicate the low-rainfall portion. (a) Monthly variation in the follicular diameter and reproductive stages in H. pastazae. Dark grey triangles: previtellogenic follicles. Squares: vitellogenic I follicles. Dark grey circles: vitellogenic II follicles. Open circles: females with oviductal eggs. (b) Monthly variation in testicular volume (mm3) and spermatogenic stages. Open circles: Stage 4 (early spermatids at lumen). Gray triangles: stage 5 (transforming spermatids at lumen). Dark grey circles: stage 6 (abundant spermatozoa at lumen). White squares: Stage 7 (testicular regression).
Figure 2 in Reproductive phenology in a Neotropical aquatic snake shows marked seasonality influenced by rainfall patterns
Figure 2. Sexual dimorphism in juveniles and adults body shape of H. pastazae. (a) Snout-vent length for both juveniles and adults. (b) Juveniles tail length. (c–f) Sexual dimorphism in adults. (c) Tail length. (d) Head length. (e) Head width. (f) Mid-body width considering only previtellogenic females. Closed circle: males. Opened circles: females.
Figure 1 in Reproductive pattern in the southernmost populations of South American redbelly toads
Figure 1. Location of Ernesto Tornquist Provincial Park (38◦03′ S, 62◦02′ W) in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.
Figure 3 in Reproductive pattern in the southernmost populations of South American redbelly toads
Figure 3. Number of female (white columns) and male (grey columns) recaptures for Melanophryniscus aff. montevidensis in breeding ponds associated with a temporary stream at Ernesto Tornquist Provincial Park during breeding seasons from 2006 to 2009.
Figure 2 in Reproductive pattern in the southernmost populations of South American redbelly toads
Figure 2. Percentage of Melanophryniscus aff. montevidensis toads found in amplexus (never, once, twice) per breeding season at Ernesto Tornquist Provincial Park: (A) males, (B) females.
Figure 4 in Reproductive pattern in the southernmost populations of South American redbelly toads
Figure 4. Relationship between the operational sex ratio (OSR) and the intensity of sexual selection (I s) in Melanophryniscus aff. montevidensis breeding in ponds associated with a temporary stream in Ernesto Tornquist Provincial Park during breeding seasons from 2006 to 2009.
FIGURE 24. Abs. terminalis Female reproductive system and bursa. A entire system with V8 in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 24. Abs. terminalis Female reproductive system and bursa. A entire system with V8 intact, spermatophore digesting gland to top of figure. B detail bursa hooks. (Scale bar= 1mm). BU, bursa; SDG, spermatophore digesting gland; V, valvifer.
Dietary Patterns, Inflammation, Zinc Status, and Body Composition in Multi-Ethnic Women of Reproductive Age in Jakarta
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07170904. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Data from: Mating patterns and determinants of individual reproductive success in brown trout (Salmo trutta) revealed by parentage analysis of an entire stream living population
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