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1,025 results for “salmon”
Identification of infectious agents in early marine Chinook and Coho salmon associated with cohort survival
<p>Recent decades have seen an increased appreciation for the role infectious diseases can play in mass mortality events across a diversity of marine taxa. At the same time many Pacific salmon populations have declined in abundance as a result of reduced marine survival. However, few studies have explicitly considered the potential role pathogens could play in these declines. Using a multi-year dataset spanning 59 pathogen taxa in Chinook and Coho salmon sampled along the British Columbia coast, we carried out an exploratory analysis to quantify evidence for associations between pathogen prevalence and cohort survival, and between pathogen load and body condition. While a variety of pathogens had moderate to strong negative correlations with body condition or survival for one host species in one season, we found that <em>Tenacibaculum maritimum</em> and Piscine orthoreovirus had consistently negative associations with body condition in both host species and seasons, and were negatively associated with survival for Chinook salmon collected in the fall and winter. Our analyses, which offer the most comprehensive examination of associations between pathogen prevalence and Pacific salmon survival to date, suggest that pathogens in Pacific salmon warrant further attention, especially those whose distribution and abundance may be influenced by anthropogenic stressors.</p>
Atlantic salmon survival at sea: temporal changes that lack regional synchrony
<p>Spatial and temporal synchrony in abundance or survival trends can be indicative of whether populations are affected by common environmental drivers. In Atlantic salmon (<em>Salmo salar</em> L.), return rates to natal rivers have generally been assumed to be affected primarily by shared oceanic conditions, leading to spatially synchronous trends in mortality. Here, we investigate the existence of parallel trends in salmon sea survival, using data on migrating smolts and returning adults from seven Canadian populations presumed to share feeding grounds. We analyse sea survival, using a Bayesian change-point model capable of detecting non-stationarity in time series data. Our results indicate that while salmon have experienced broadly comparable patterns in survival, finer-scale temporal shifts are not synchronous among populations. Our findings are not consistent with the hypothesis that salmon populations consistently share the same mortality-related stressors in the marine environment. Although populations may have shared greater synchrony in survival patterns in the past, this synchrony may be breaking down. It may be prudent to direct greater attention to smaller-scale regional and population-level correlates of survival</p>
Riverscape heterogeneity in estimated Chinook Salmon emergence phenology and implications for size and growth
<p>Many salmonid-bearing rivers exhibit thermal and hydrologic heterogeneity at multiple spatial and temporal scales, but how this translates into spatiotemporal patterns of fry emergence is poorly understood. Understanding this variability is important because emergence timing determines the biophysical conditions fish first experience (e.g., temperature, flow, food supply), thereby influencing growth opportunities and survival during this critical life stage. We predicted spring Chinook Salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em>) emergence phenology across four NE Oregon subbasins over 5-9 years using empirical spawning and temperature data. We then related inter-annual emergence timing estimates to juvenile salmon size and growth rates at consistent sampling locations. There were clear longitudinal patterns of predicted emergence timing in each subbasin: the shape of these patterns was consistent among years, but not among subbasins. In two subbasins emergence occurred progressively later with distance upstream, whereas in the other two subbasins emergence was earliest at upstream sites. Within each year, median emergence dates among sites within each subbasin ranged between 44 and 58 days. This spatial variation was comparable to inter-annual variation, with median emergence dates for a given location in each subbasin ranging between 47 to 74 days among years. Contrary to our expectations, juvenile salmon were not larger in years with earlier emergence, owing to slower spring and summer growth rates compared to years with later emergence. Despite large inter-annual variation in emergence dates, these results suggest that other factors (e.g., stream flow, temperature, density-dependence) were more important than growth duration in determining juvenile salmon growth rates and size among years. We demonstrated considerable spatial and inter-annual variation in emergence phenology within these subbasins. Understanding how this variation translates to spatiotemporal patterns of juvenile salmon habitat use, growth, and survival has important implications for guiding restoration efforts and understanding how climate change may impact these populations.</p>
Copper River, Alaska, Chinook Salmon Inriver Abundance Estimate 2018-2021 DATA ARCHIVE
<p>Long-term monitoring of returning adult Chinook salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em>) abundance on the Copper River, AK, has been conducted using fishwheels and two-sample mark-recapture methods since 2003. This data archive is from from the 2018-2021 field seasons. The annual objective was to estimate the inriver abundance of Copper River Chinook salmon such that the estimate was within 25% of the true abundance 95% of the time. This data represents annual catch, bycatch, tagging site data, recapture site data, session data, QC check tables, CPUE, mark-recapture matrix, mark-recapture stratification tables, effort, and daily catch matrix. </p> <p>See annual report for methodology, analyses and results @ http://akssf.org/default.aspx?id=3477 or contact the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Subsistence Management Fisheries Resource Monitoring Program or Native Village of Eyak DENR. </p> <p> </p>
Tagging and tracking information for radiotagged Chinook Salmon in the Copper River, Alaska 2021
<p>The first worksheet (2021 Raw Data) consists of each radiotagged fish and its relevant information including date of capture, the frequency and code of the transmitter, length (MEF) and age. Subsequent columns are Julian dates when they passed fixed tracking stations. The final 4 columns are fate columns. The last column is a general description of the general fate of each fish.</p> <p> </p> <p>The final worksheet (2021 summary) summarizes fates of all fish by tagging date. This is the primary input file for the Program R which has a code written to do the data analyses for this study.</p>
Large effect loci mediate rapid adaptation of salmon body size after river regulation
<p>Understanding the potential of natural populations to adapt to altered environments is becoming increasingly relevant in evolutionary research. Currently, our understanding of adaptation to human alteration of the environment is hampered by lack of knowledge on the genetic basis of traits, lack of time series, and little or no information on changes in optimal trait values. Here we used time series data spanning nearly a century to investigate how body mass of Atlantic salmon (<em>Salmo salar</em>) adapts to river regulation. We found that the change in body mass followed the change in waterflow, both decreasing to ~1/3 of their original values. Allele frequency changes at two loci in the regions of <em>vgll3</em> and <em>six6 </em>predicted more than 80% of the observed body mass reduction. Modelling the adaptive dynamics revealed that the population mean lagged behind its optimum before catching up ~6 salmon generations after the initial waterflow reduction. Our results demonstrate rapid adaptation mediated by large effect loci and provide insight into the temporal dynamics of evolutionary rescue following human disturbance.</p>
Stream temperature data for Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund project 53007 Assessing Thermal Habitat Variability to Identify Refugia in SE Alaska Subsistence Salmon Watersheds
<p>Hourly stream temperature data were collected in eight watersheds in southeast Alaska to better understand within-watershed thermal heterogeneity. Watersheds include: Chilkat, Chilkoot, Klag, Cowee, Peterson (Juneau road system), Saltery, Kadashan, and Klawock. Site latitude and longitude are recorded in the metadata file. Data were collected with HOBO Onset Pro V2 or HOBO TidbiT MX 400 temperature loggers following the protocols in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2015.07.008">Mauger et al, 2015</a>. Data collection dates range from January 1, 2020 to November 2, 2023, although not all sites cover this entire date range. </p>
Рис. 2. Некоторые обсΛеΑованные воΑотоки национаΛьного парка «Анюйский»: А — р. Анюй; Б — протока Кыкычен р. Анюй; В — р. Мани; Г — р. Пихца Fig. 2. Some investigated watercourses of the Anyuysky National Park: А — Anyuy River; Б — Kykychen channel of the Anyuy River; В — Mani River; Г — Pikhtsa River in Zoobenthos of salmon rivers in the Anyuysky National Park (Khabarovsky Region, Russia)
Рис. 2. Некоторые обсΛеΑованные воΑотоки национаΛьного парка «Анюйский»: А — р. Анюй; Б — протока Кыкычен р. Анюй; В — р. Мани; Г — р. Пихца Fig. 2. Some investigated watercourses of the Anyuysky National Park: А — Anyuy River; Б — Kykychen channel of the Anyuy River; В — Mani River; Г — Pikhtsa River
Fig. 1 in Fresh, equilibrated and post-thaw sperm quality of Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850) and Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) treated with either salmon GnRHa and domperidone or pituitary extract
Fig. 1. Motility rate of fresh, equilibrated and post-thaw sperm of Brycon orbignyanus (A; n = 18 males) and Prochilodus lineatus (B; n = 21 males). Motility rate was evaluated after 0, 20, 40 and 60s (fresh and equilibrated sperm) or after 10, 30, 50 and 70s of activation (post-thaw sperm). *Motility evaluated at 60s was lower than that at 0s post-activation (Scott-Knott, P <0.05). § Motility evaluated at 10s post-activation was the highest (Scott-Knott, P <0.05).
Fig. 2 in Fresh, equilibrated and post-thaw sperm quality of Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850) and Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) treated with either salmon GnRHa and domperidone or pituitary extract
Fig. 2. Post-thaw sperm velocities (curvilinear = VCL; straight-line = VSL; average path = VAP) of Brycon orbignyanus (A; n = 18 males) and Prochilodus lineatus (B; n = 21 males) evaluated after 10, 30, 50 and 70s after activation. * Mean at 10s was the highest (Scott-Knott, P <0.05).
Assessing amino acid solubility of black soldier fly larvae meal in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in vivo and in vitro
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 2 in Evidence of late migrant smolts of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Loire-Allier System, France
Figure 2. - Smolt number observed in Poutès (pk = 890 km), Chanteuges (pk = 863 km) and Varades (pk = 132 km) in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Grey area represents period of no catch (see text for details).
Figure 2 in Resorption of scales in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during its anadromous migration: a quantitative study
Figure 2. - Variations of salmon scale ratios according to sex, sea age (grilse or spring salmon) and migration stage (ascending or spawning). A: RE1 ratio (total scale surface / fork length squared). B: RE2 ratio (anterior field surface / total scale surface). C: RE3 ratio (small radius / long radius of scale). SE = standard error.
Figure 5. - Scanning electron microscopy. A in Resorption of scales in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during its anadromous migration: a quantitative study
Figure 5. - Scanning electron microscopy. A: View of a spawning male scale (F = focus); B: Detail of the anterior field of the same scale showing some Howship's lacunae (arrows), which are evidence for osteoclastic resorption.
Figure 1 in Resorption of scales in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during its anadromous migration: a quantitative study
Figure 1. - Measurements taken on salmon scales. A: Scale of ascending spring salmon; B: Scale of spawning spring salmon. F: Focus; LR: long radius; SA: surface of the anterior field of the scale; SP: surface of the posterior field of the scale; SR: small radius.
Figure 14. A, B in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 14. A, B. Measurements of O. rastrosus premaxillary teeth (31 specimens total), freshwater (pink/red) vs. coastal marine (grey/black). A. Average lengths of osseous bases. B. Average lengths of tooth cusps. Freshwater specimens are from the Mehrten Formation (pink) and Pinole Formation (red). Coastal marine specimens are from the Monterey, Santa Margarita, and Capistrano formations. How measurements were taken is shown in Fig. 10).
Figure 13 in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 13. Coastal marine specimens of O. rastrosus premaxillary teeth from the Santa Margarita Formation, Monterey Formation, and Capistrano Formation. A. LACM 135697. B. LACM 58915. C. LACM 158730. D. LACM 147601. E. LACM 147597. Freshwater specimens from O. rastrosus from the Pinole Tuff Formation. F. UCMP 61550. G. UCMP 61554. H. UCMP 65630. All are lateral views.
Figure 10. A in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 10. A. Photograph of fossil salmon locality, T-6, showing beach and overlying cliff. Specimens were collected from the surface of the beach area from ~1957–1964. B. Photograph taken at salmon locality, T-6, showing exposed water-lain tuff within the sands. C. Photograph of sharp unconformity underlying salmon locality. Below the unconformity is pink/tan tuffaceous silt. D. Photograph of T-5, a nearby site to T-6, with the sharp unconformity and large, rounded cobbles.
Figure 8 in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 8. Map showing locations of all California specimens examined/measured in this study. Blue circles indicate marine deposits while orange indicates freshwater.
Figure 12 in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 12. Freshwater specimens of O. rastrosus premaxillary teeth from the Mehrten Formation (Turlock Lake, CA; UCMP V5405). All are lateral views. A. Left tooth (UCMP 93181). B. Left tooth (UCMP 93183). C. Right tooth (UCMP 136029). D. Right tooth (UCMP 93179). E. Right tooth (UCMP 93184). F. Left tooth (UCMP 61951).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.