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178 results for “seawater”
Thermo-hydro-chemical simulation of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Static 2D models and effects of paleo-seawater chemistry
<p>DePaolo et al. Gcubed 2022 data files</p> <p><strong>Thermo-hydro-chemical simulation of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: </strong></p> <p><strong>Static 2D models and effects of paleo-seawater chemistry </strong></p> <p> </p> <p>In this folder are input and output files for v3.68 of TOUGHREACT that contain all of the files illustrated in the manuscript plus many more. Also included is v3 TOUGHREACT reference manual, which gives more information on all of the input and output files.</p> <p>In each folder there are a sequence of run folders, each containing input files (flow.inp, solute.inp, chemical.inp, MESH, GENER, plus a thermodynamic database with filename like “tkslth06acp3isi9.dat.” Also included are raw tecplot files (flowvector.tec, flowdata.tec, rct_sfarea.tec, rctn_rate.tec, min_SI.tec, minerals.tec, aqconc.tec) and other output files (all “.out” files). In some cases the .tec files, which are combined files with output for both fractures and matrix, have been separated into separate fracture and matrix files with names like “flowvector_frc.tec,” “flowvector_mtx.tec,” aqconc_frc.tec,” “aqconc_mtx.tec” to allow plotting of fracture and matrix properties separately.</p> <p>Some folders also contain .tiff or .png files that are 2D color contour plots as shown in the manuscript. All of these plots were made with Paraview (<a href="https://www.paraview.org/">https://www.paraview.org</a>) which is open-source.</p> <p>Each folder labeled like “Modern SW fastcpx Sr8…” contains several subfolders each labeled with the model year at which the run ends, like 2000, 2600, 2700, 2800, … which correspond to the warmup steps described in the manuscript:</p> <p>The typical procedure used to achieve the results reported here is (with some minor variations):</p> <ol> <li>Run the simulation for 2000 model years with 50% of the final heating from below and minimal chemical reactions. RSA for primary minerals in both matrix and fractures are set to 10<sup>-6</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/g and 2 x 10<sup>-6</sup>cm<sup>2</sup>/g for secondary minerals, which yields chemical reaction rates about 500 times slower than for a more realistic system.</li> <li>Run for an additional 600 model years with the full heating from below and RSA’s at 10<sup>-6</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/g and 2 x 10<sup>-6</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/g. This step yields a steady state temperature and flow field with the full heating from below. Less time is needed than for the first phase because the fluid flow velocities are higher with higher heating rates.</li> <li>Run an additional 100 years; RSA’s increased to 10<sup>-5</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/g and 2 x 10<sup>-5</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/g</li> <li>Run 100 years; RSA’s at 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/g and 2 x 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/g*</li> <li>Run 100 years; RSA’s at 2 x 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/g and 4 x 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/g*</li> <li>Run 50 years; RSA’s at 3 x 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/g and 5 x 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/g*</li> <li>Run 50 years; RSA’s at 4 x 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/g and 8 x 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/g*</li> <li>Run 100 additional years*</li> </ol> <p>After step 8 the system has been running for 3100 model years, but only 150 years with full reactions, which is long enough to get close to quasi-steady state fluid chemistry (there is no true steady state for chemistry because the rock mineralogy is changing with time). For each of the steps marked with an asterisk, an alternative procedure is to use high RSA’s for fracture minerals, up to 50 times higher. </p> <p>In some folders there are additional subfolders extending in model time up to 3400 years.</p>
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) transfer to seawater by gradual salinity changes exhibited an increase in the intestinal microbial abundance and richness data
<p>The host's physiological history and environment determine the microbiome structure. In that sense, the strategy used for the salmon transfer to seawater after parr-smolt transformation may influence the Atlantic salmon’s intestinal microbiota. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the diversity and abundance of the Atlantic salmon intestinal microbiota and metagenome functional prediction during seawater transfer under three treatments. One group was exposed to gradual salinity change (GSC), the other to salinity shock (SS), and the third was fed with a functional diet (FD) before the seawater (SW) transfer. The microbial profile was assessed through full-16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Nanopore platform. In addition, metagenome functional prediction was performed using PICRUSt2. The results showed an influence of salinity changes on Atlantic salmon gut microbiota richness, diversity, and taxonomic composition. The findings reveal that GSC and the FD increased the Atlantic salmon smolt microbiota diversity, suggesting a positive association between the intestinal microbial community and fish health during seawater transfer. The reported knowledge can be applied to surveil the microbiome in smolt fish production, improving the performance of Atlantic salmon to seawater transfer.</p>
Seawater velocities from ship acoustic Doppler current profiler during PolarFront 2022-05 cruise
<p>Seawater velocities captured by Ocean Surveyor ADCP, RD Instruments, were recorded (blanking distance 8 m, bottom track on) during our entire study from 18-26 May.</p>
Detection of Silver Nanoparticles in Seawater Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
<p>Nanomaterials significantly contribute to the development of new solutions to improve consumer products properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most used, and as human exposure to such NPs increases, there is a growing need for analytical methods to identify and quantify nanoparticles present in the environment. Here we designed a detection strategy for AgNPs in seawater using surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Three commercial AgNPs coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were used to determine the relative impact of size (PVP-15nmAgNPs and PVP-100nmAgNPs) and aggregation degree (predefined Ag aggregates, PVP-50–80nmAgNPs) on the SERS-based detection method. The study of colloidal stability and dissolution of selected AgNPs into seawater was carried out by dynamic light scattering and UV-vis spectroscopy. We showed that PVP-15nmAgNPs and PVP-100nmAgNPs remained colloidally stable, while PVP-50–80nmAgNPs formed bigger aggregates. We demonstrated that the SERS-based method developed here have the capacity to detect and quantify single and aggregates of AgNPs in seawater. The size had almost no effect on the detection limit (2.15 ± 1.22 mg/L for PVP-15nmAgNPs vs. 1.51 ± 0.71 mg/L for PVP-100nmAgNPs), while aggregation caused an increase of 2.9-fold (6.08 ± 1.21 mg/L). Our results demonstrate the importance of understanding NPs transformation in seawater since this can influence the detection method performance.</p>
Corals adapted to extreme and fluctuating seawater pH increase calcification rates and have unique symbiont communities
<p>Ocean acidification (OA) is a severe threat to coral reefs mainly by reducing their calcification rate. Identifying the resilience factors of corals to decreasing seawater pH is of paramount importance to predict the survivability of coral reefs in the future. This study compared corals adapted to variable pH<sub>T</sub> (i.e., 7.23–8.06) from the semi-enclosed lagoon of Bouraké, New Caledonia, to corals adapted to more stable seawater pH<sub>T</sub> (i.e., 7.90-8.18). In a 100-day aquarium experiment, we examined the physiological response and genetic diversity of Symbiodiniaceae from three coral species (<em>Acropora tenuis</em>, <em>Montipora</em> <em>digitata</em> and <em>Porites</em> sp.) from both sites under three stable pH<sub>NBS</sub> conditions (8.11, 7.76, 7.54) and one fluctuating pHNBS regime (between 7.56 and 8.07). Bouraké corals consistently exhibited higher growth rates than corals from the stable pH environment. Interestingly, <em>A</em>. <em>tenuis</em> from Bouraké showed the highest growth rate under the 7.76 pH<sub>NBS</sub> condition, whereas for <em>M. digitata</em> and <em>Porites</em> sp. from Bouraké, growth was highest under the fluctuating regime and the 8.11 pH<sub>NBS</sub> conditions, respectively. While OA generally decreased coral calcification by ca. 16%, Bouraké corals showed higher growth rates than corals from the stable pH environment (21% increase for <em>A. tenuis</em> to 93% for <em>M. digitata</em>, with all pH conditions pooled). This superior performance coincided with divergent symbiont communities that were more homogenous for Bouraké corals. Corals adapted to variable pH conditions appear to have a better capacity to calcify under reduced pH compared to corals native to more stable pH conditions. This response was not gained by corals from the more stable environment exposed to variable pH during the 100-day experiment, suggesting that long-term exposure to pH fluctuations and/or differences in symbiont communities benefit calcification under OA.</p>
Data For: Seawater intrusion at the grounding line of Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland, from Terrestrial Radar Interferometry (TRI)
<p>Jakobshavn Isbrae is a major outlet glacier in West Greenland that lost its protective ice shelf in 2002 and has been speeding up and retreating since. We image its grounding line for the first time with a ground portable radar interferometer deployed in 2016 and detect its migration at tidal frequencies. The southern half of the glacier develops a floating section (3 km x 3 km) that migrates in phase with the tide up to a distance of 1.5 km, which is far more than expected from flotation. We attribute the migration to kilometer-scale seawater intrusions, 10-20 cm in height, occurring at high tide. The intrusions reveal that the glacier bed must be 100-600 m deeper than expected on the south side, which illustrates that our knowledge of bed topography remains limited in this sector. We expect seawater intrusions to cause rapid melt of basal ice and play a major role in the glacier evolution. </p>
Literature analysis on seawater-seasand concrete
<p>This file consists of raw data (*opju format) for the figures published in the review article (Rathnarajan S, Sikora P. <i>Seawater-mixed concretes containing natural and sea sand aggregates – A review</i>. <strong>Results in Engineering </strong>(2023) 20, 101457, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101457">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101457</a>).</p><p>The origin raw data file consists of data from Figure 1 (a-c), Figure 2, Figure 5, and Figure 6. Individual worksheets with information on the number of articles published, details of binder compositions in published articles are classified, experimental data from hardened and fresh experiments in prior articles are analyzed and presented. </p><p> </p>
Environmental cues in coral reproduction: Photoperiod and seawater temperature influence oocyte development in <em>Acropora tenuis</em>
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Data from: Skeletal mineralogy of marine organisms shaped by seawater temperature and evolutionary history - a case study of cheilostome bryozoans
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Data For: Seawater intrusion at the grounding line of Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland, from Terrestrial Radar Interferometry (TRI)
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Data from: Effect of pH regulation by microbes on corrosion behaviour of duplex stainless steel 2205 in acidic artificial seawater environment
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Widespread seawater intrusions beneath the grounded ice of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica
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The transgenerational physiological and molecular data of Oryzias melastigma under seawater acidification stress
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Combined responses of primary coral polyps and their algal endosymbionts to decreasing seawater pH
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Data for: Seawater intrusions in the observed grounding zone of Petermann Glacier causes extensive retreat
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Network analysis reveals that acute stress exacerbates gene regulatory responses of the gill to seawater in Atlantic salmon
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Detection of a non-indigenous marine macroalga (<em>Acanthophora spicifera</em>) with environmental DNA from surface seawater
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Data from: Rapid retreat of Berry Glacier, West Antarctica linked to seawater intrusions revealed by radar interferometry
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Impact of short- and long-term exposure to elevated seawater pCO2 on metabolic rate and hypoxia tolerance in Octopus rubescens
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Corals adapted to extreme and fluctuating seawater pH increase calcification rates and have unique symbiont communities
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