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103 results for “seed feeding”
Inferring quantitative species interactions of seeds and seed-feeding carabid beetles from ecological survey data
<p>Here, we develop a trait-based approach suitable for creating quantitative networks, i.e. with varying interaction strengths. We applied this method to existing ecological survey data from an arable field of carabid ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from pitfall traps and plant seeds from seed rain traps. We used existing data in the literature to predict a per-individual interaction cost index from carabid and seed size, based on frequency-dependent prey selection and the energetic intake of seeds by carabids. This was scaled up to the population level to create predicted inferred weighted networks using the sampled abundance of carabids and seeds, energetic intake rates in the literature, and assuming bottom up control. From this we calculated a novel predation pressure ratio which was the predicted seed predation (the sum of interaction strengths) relative to seed abundance.</p> <p>This is made available as an R markdown file with associated data files.</p>
Data from: The effect of plant identity and mixed feeding on the detection of seed DNA in regurgitates of carabid beetles
Carabids are abundant in temperate agroecosystems and play a pivotal role as biocontrol agents for weed seed and pest regulation. While there is good knowledge regarding their effects on invertebrate pests, direct evidence for seed predation in the field is missing. Molecular approaches are ideally suited to investigate these feeding interactions; however, the effects of an omnivorous diet, which is characteristic for many carabid species, and seed identity on the detection success of seed DNA has not yet been investigated. In a series of feeding experiments, seeds of six different Central European weed species were fed to beetles of the species Pseudoophonus rufipes, to determine post-feeding seed DNA detection rates and how these are affected by plant identity, meal size and chemical seed composition. Moreover, we investigated the effect of a mixed diet of seed and mealworm on prey DNA detection. Four out of six seed species were detectable for up to five days after consumption and seed species identity significantly affected post-feeding detection rates. Detectability was negatively influenced by protein content and seed mass, whereas oil content and meal size had a positive effect. The mixed diet led to both increased detection rates and post-feeding detection intervals of seed DNA. This suggests that mixed feeding leads to an enhancement of food detection intervals in carabid beetles and that seed identity, their chemical composition and meal size can affect DNA detection of consumed seeds. These aspects and potential implications of this non-invasive approach are discussed as they can become highly relevant for interpreting field derived data.
Figure 2 from: Park D-Y, Lee S (2021) A new species of Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) from South Korea, feeding on seeds of Prunus tomentosa Thunb. (Rosaceae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.64925
Figure 2 A–HEurytoma tomentosaeA–D male A habitus B antenna C head, dorsal view D propodeum and petiole E ovipositing behavior of female F larva in seed G pupa in seed H seed of P. tomentosa after adults of E. tomentosae emerged.
Figure 1 from: Park D-Y, Lee S (2021) A new species of Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) from South Korea, feeding on seeds of Prunus tomentosa Thunb. (Rosaceae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.64925
Figure 1 A–HEurytoma tomentosae, female A habitus B antenna C head, frontal view D head, dorsal view E mesosoma, lateral view F mesosoma, dorsal view G propodeum H wing.
Figure 3 from: Park D-Y, Lee S (2021) A new species of Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) from South Korea, feeding on seeds of Prunus tomentosa Thunb. (Rosaceae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.64925
Figure 3 A–DEurytoma maslovskii female A habitus B antenna C head, dorsal D wing E–HE. maslovskii male E habitus F antenna G head, dorsal H propodeum to petiole.
Data from: The effect of plant identity and mixed feeding on the detection of seed DNA in regurgitates of carabid beetles
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Figs. 6–12. 6 in Ecological Description of Two Seed-Feeding Weevils of the GenusMononychusGermar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) onIris ibericaHoffmann andIris spuriaL. in Northeastern Turkey
Figs. 6–12. 6) Iris spuria; 7) Habitat of I. spuria; 8) Adult of Mononychus punctumalbum and an ant following the adult; 9) Pair of adults resting on the host plant; 10) Feeding and ovipositing holes on a seed capsule; 11) Seeds damaged by adults; 12) Larva feeding on a seed and a pupa of M. punctumalbum resting in a seed capsule of the host plant.
FIGS 306 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 306± 313. A. walliorum male terminalia: (306), tergite 7, dorsal; (307) tergum 8 and sternum 8, ventral; (308) spiculum gastrale, dorsal; (309) tegmen, dorsal; (310) tegmen, lateral; (311) aedeagus, dorsal; (312) aedeagal apex, dorsal; (313) aedeagus, lateral. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (306, 308±313) to same scale; (307) to smaller scale.
FIGS 252 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 252±259. A. curranae male terminalia: (252), tergite 7, dorsal; (253) tergum 8 and sternum 8, ventral; (254) spiculum gastrale, dorsal; (255) tegmen, dorsal; (256) tegmen, lateral; (257) aedeagus, dorsal; (258) aedeagus, lateral; (259) aedeagal apex, dorsal. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (254±259) to same scale; (252±253) smaller scale.
FIGS 241 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 241±245. A. hoplomachus female terminalia: (241) tergite 7, dorsal; (242) tergite 8, dorsal; (243) spiculum ventrale, dorsal; (244) genitalia, lateral; (245) hemisternites of ovipositor, dorsal. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm.
FIGS 229 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 229± 233. A. crassus female terminalia: (229) tergite 7, dorsal; (230) tergite 8, dorsal; (231) spiculum ventrale, dorsal; (232) genitalia, lateral; (233) hemisternites of ovipositor, dorsal. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (229±232) to same scale; (233) larger scale.
FIGS 314 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 314±320. A. walliorum female terminalia: (314) tergite 7, dorsal; (315) tergite 8, dorsal; (316) spiculum ventrale, dorsal; (317) genitalia, lateral; (318) genitalia, ventral; (319) hemisternites of ovipositor, dorsal; (320) spermatheca. Scale bar for (320) 5 0.1 mm, otherwise 0.5 mm; (314±315) same scale; (317±318) same scale.
FIGS 406 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 406±410. A. shoreaphilus female terminalia: (406) tergite 7, dorsal; (407) tergite 8, dorsal; (408) spiculum ventrale, dorsal; (409) genitalia, lateral; (410) hemisternites of ovipositor, dorsal. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (406±407) to same scale; (408±409) to same scale.
FIGS 346 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 346± 353. A. hopeae male terminalia: (346) tergite 7, dorsal; (347) tergum 8 and sternum 8, ventral; (348) spiculum gastrale, dorsal; (349) tegmen, dorsal; (350) tegmen, lateral; (351) aedeagus, dorsal; (352) aedeagal apex, dorsal; (353) aedeagus, lateral. Scale bar 5 0.5 mm; all ®gures to same scale.
FIGS 327 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 327± 333. A. confusus female terminalia: (327) tergite 7, dorsal; (328) tergite 8, dorsal; (329) spiculum ventrale, posterior broad plate, dorsal; (330) spiculum ventrale, lateral; (331) genitalia, lateral; (332) genitalia, ventral; (333) left hemisternite of ovipositor, dorsal. Scale: (327, 333) scale bar 5 0.1 mm; others scale bar 5 0.5 mm; (328±330) to same scale; (331±332) to same scale.
FIGS 7 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 7±8. (7) Alcidodes vaticus, head, lateral, showing measurements taken on rostrum, aaÐ antennal articulation; sÐscrobe; RB, RD, see abbreviations; (8) Alcidodes hoplomachus, male, antenna, with setae and scales omitted, f 7Ð 7th antennal funicle segment; cÐ club; sÐscape.
FIG 6 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIG 6. Alcidodes humeralis. Lateral, showing measurements taken. ELÐelytral length; PLÐ pronotal length; L Ðlength; m3 Ðmetastrnum; v1 Ðventrite 1; v2Ðventrite 2; s Ðscutellum.
FIGS 460 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 460±465. A. micranthiphilus female terminalia: (460) tergite 7, dorsal; (461) tergite 8, dorsal; (462) spiculum ventrale, dorsal; (463) hemisternite of ovipositor, lateral; (464) hemisternites, dorsal; (465) spermatheca and gland. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm: (460±462) to same scale; (463±464) to same scale; (465) larger scale.
FIGS 453 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 453± 459. A. micranthiphilus male terminalia: (453) tergite 7, dorsal; (454) tergum 8 and sternum 8, ventral; (455) tegmen, dorsal; (456) tegmen, lateral; (457) aedeagus, dorsal; (458) aedeagal apex, apical view; (459) aedeagus, lateral. Scale bar 5 0.5 mm; all to same scale.
FIGS 440 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 440±447. A. vaticus male terminalia: (440) tergite 7, dorsal; (441) tergum 8 and sternum 8, ventral; (442) spiculum gastrale, dorsal; (443) tegmen, dorsal; (444) tegmen, lateral; (445) aedeagus, dorsal; (446) aedeagal apex, apical view; (447) aedeagus, lateral. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (440±441) to same scale; (442±447) to same scale.
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