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160 results for “social responsibility”
Data from: Social context affects thermoregulation but not activity level during avian immune response
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Data from: Responses of social and solitary bees to pulsed floral resources
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Data from: Social facilitation can impact the responses of free-ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) towards physical cognitive tasks
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Data from: Interactive effects of social environment, age and sex on immune responses in Drosophila melanogaster
Social environments have been shown to have multiple effects on individual immune responses. For example, increased social contact might signal greater infection risk and prompt a prophylactic upregulation of immunity. This differential investment of resources may in part explain why social environments affect ageing and lifespan. Our previous work using Drosophila melanogaster showed that single-sex social contact reduced lifespan for both sexes. Here, we assess how social interactions (isolation or contact) affect susceptibility to infection, phagocytotic activity and expression of a subset of immune and stress related genes in young and old flies of both sexes. Social contact had a neutral, or even improved, effect on post-infection lifespan in older flies and reduced the expression of stress response genes in females, however it reduced phagocytotic activity. Together, these findings indicate that social contact in D. melanogaster does not have a predictable impact on immune responses and does not simply trade-off immune investment with lifespan.
Data from: Colony and individual life-history responses to temperature in a social insect pollinator
1. Pollinating insects are of major ecological and commercial importance, yet they may be facing ecological disruption from a changing climate. Despite this threat, few studies have investigated the life-history responses of pollinators to experimentally controlled changes in temperature, which should be especially informative for species with complex life histories such as eusocial insects. 2. This study uses the key pollinator Bombus terrestris, a eusocial bumblebee with an annual colony cycle, to determine how temperature affects life-history traits at both individual and colony levels. 3. In two laboratory experiments, we reared B. terrestris colonies at either 20 or 25 °C, and measured differences in a set of life-history traits including colony longevity, queen longevity, worker longevity, production of workers, production of sexuals (queen and male production) and growth schedule, as well as effects on thermoregulatory behaviours. 4. Higher rearing temperature had a significant positive effect on colony longevity in one of the two experiments but no significant effects on queen or worker longevity. Higher rearing temperature significantly increased colony size but did not affect the timing of peak colony size. It was also associated with significantly higher queen production but had no effect on the production of workers or males or the timing of male production. Higher temperature colonies exhibited significantly more wing fanning by workers and significantly less wax canopy construction. Hence, an increase in rearing temperature of a few degrees increased colony longevity, colony size and queen production. However, individual longevity was not affected and so may have been buffered by changes in costly thermoregulatory behaviours. 5. We conclude that eusocial insects may show complex phenotypic responses to projected temperature increases under climate change, including effects on productivity and reproduction at the colony level. Such effects should be considered when predicting the impact of climate change on the provision of essential pollination services.
Data from: Transforming water: social influence moderates psychological, physiological, and functional response to a placebo product
This paper investigates how social influence can alter physiological, psychological, and functional responses to a placebo product and how such responses influence the ultimate endorsement of the product. Participants consumed a product, "AquaCharge Energy Water," falsely-labeled as containing 200 mg of caffeine but which was actually plain spring water, in one of three conditions: a no social influence condition, a disconfirming social influence condition, and a confirming social influence condition. Results demonstrated that the effect of the product labeling on physiological alertness (systolic blood pressure), psychological alertness (self-reported alertness), functional alertness (cognitive interference), and product endorsement was moderated by social influence: participants experienced more subjective, physiological and functional alertness and stronger product endorsement when they consumed the product in the confirming social influence condition than when they consumed the product in the disconfirming social influence condition. These results suggest that social influence can alter subjective, physiological, and functional responses to a faux product, in this case transforming the effects of plain water.
Data from: Vitellogenin-like A–associated shifts in social cue responsiveness regulate behavioral task specialization in an ant
Division of labor and task specialization explain the success of human and insect societies. Social insect colonies are characterized by division of labor with workers specializing on brood care early and foraging later in life. Theory posits that this task switching requires shifts in responsiveness to task-related cues, yet experimental evidence is weak. Here we show that a Vitellogenin (Vg) ortholog identified in a RNAseq study on the ant Temnothorax longispinosus is involved in this process: Using phylogenetic analyses of Vg and Vg-like genes, we firstly show that this candidate gene does not cluster with the intensively studied honey bee Vg, but falls into a separate Vg-like A cluster. Secondly, an experimental knockdown of Vg-like A in the fat body caused a reduction in brood care and an increase in nestmate care in young ant workers. Nestmate care is normally exhibited by older workers. We demonstrate experimentally that this task switch is at least partly based on Vg-like-A-associated shifts in responsiveness from brood to worker cues. We thus reveal a novel mechanism leading to early behavioral maturation via changes in social cue responsiveness mediated by Vg-like A and associated pathways, which proximately play a role in regulating division of labor.
Data from: Reduced cellular immune response in social insect lineages
Social living poses challenges for individual fitness because of the increased risk of disease transmission among conspecifics. Despite this challenge, sociality is an evolutionarily successful lifestyle, occurring in the most abundant and diverse group of organisms on earth—the social insects. Two contrasting hypotheses predict the evolutionary consequences of sociality on immune systems. The social group hypothesis posits that sociality leads to stronger individual immune systems because of the higher risk of disease transmission in social species. By contrast, the relaxed selection hypothesis proposes that social species have evolved behavioural immune defences that lower disease risk within the group, resulting in lower immunity at the individual level. We tested these hypotheses by measuring the encapsulation response in 11 eusocial and non-eusocial insect lineages. We built phylogenetic mixed linear models to investigate the effect of behaviour, colony size and body size on cellular immune response. We found a significantly negative effect of colony size on encapsulation response (Markov chain Monte Carlo generalized linear mixed model (mcmcGLMM) p < 0.05; phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that insects living in large societies may rely more on behavioural mechanisms, such as hygienic behaviours, than on immune function to reduce the risk of disease transmission among nest-mates.
Data from: Using a robotic fish to investigate individual differences in social responsiveness in the guppy
Responding towards the actions of others is one of the most important behavioral traits whenever animals of the same species interact. Mutual influences among interacting individuals may modulate the social responsiveness seen and thus makes it often difficult to study the level and individual variation in responsiveness. Here, open-loop biomimetic robots that provide standardized, non-interactive social cues can be a useful tool. These robots are not affected by the live animal's actions but are assumed to still represent valuable and biologically relevant social cues. As this assumption is crucial for the use of biomimetic robots in behavioral studies, we hypothesized (a) that meaningful social interactions can be assumed if live animals maintain individual differences in responsiveness both when interacting with a biomimetic robot and a live partner. Furthermore, to study the level of individual variation in social responsiveness, we hypothesized (b) that individual differences should be maintained over the course of multiple tests with the robot. We investigated the response of live guppies (Poecilia reticulata) when allowed to interact either with a biomimetic open-loop controlled fish robot – 'Robofish' – or a live companion. Furthermore we investigated the responses of live guppies when tested three times with Robofish. We found that live guppies' responses towards Robofish were weaker compared to a live companion, most likely as a result of the non-interactive open-loop behavior of Robofish. Guppies, however, were consistent in their individual responses between a live companion and Robofish and similar individual differences in response towards Robofish were maintained over repeated testing even though habituation to the test environment was detectable. Biomimetic robots like Robofish are therefore a useful tool for the study of social responsiveness in guppies and possibly other small fish species.
Data from: Behavioural responses vary with prey species in the social spider, Stegodyphus sarasinorum
Predators living in social groups often show consistent inter-individual differences in prey capture behaviour that may be linked to personality. Though personality predisposes individuals for certain behaviours, responses can also be influenced by context. Studies examining personality-dependent participation in prey capture have largely employed only one prey species, offering the predator no choice. In nature, predators encounter a range of prey species, therefore participation in or leading a prey capture event must also depend on prey attributes (for example, size and risk). In the social spider Stegodyphus sarasinorum, collective prey capture is mediated by personality types as a consequence of which some individuals are consistently more likely to attack. Here, we examined if an individual's consistency to attack persisted within and between the two prey species (honeybees and grasshoppers), and if the same individuals attacked first with both prey species. Our results showed that inter-individual differences in attacking persisted within- and between the two prey species. Spiders showed greater participation in attacking grasshoppers relative to bees. Identities of first attackers were not the same for bees and grasshoppers. Spiders showed greater consistency over time in attacking bees relative to grasshoppers. Bees attracted fewer attackers than size-matched grasshoppers. These results suggest that greater task specialization may be necessary to successfully subdue bees. Spiders handled bees more cautiously, which is likely to explain the observed plasticity in attacking the two prey species. Thus, participation in prey capture in social spiders is influenced by the attributes of prey species.
The influence of the socio-economic characteristics in the corporate social responsibility initiatives: a reference to cause-related marketing
<p>Ponencia - IV Congreso Latinoamericano de Marketing Social</p>
CSREU-EUROPEAN UNION'S POLICY ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
<p>CSREU-EUROPEAN UNION'S POLICY ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY </p>
Data from: Social status and personality: stability in social state can promote consistency of behavioural responses
Stability of 'state' has been suggested as an underlying factor explaining behavioural stability and animal personality (i.e. variation among, and consistency within individuals in behavioural responses), but the possibility that stable social relationships represent such states remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the influence of social status on the expression and consistency of behaviours by experimentally changing social status between repeated personality assays. We used male domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), a social species that forms relatively stable dominance hierarchies, and showed that behavioural responses were strongly affected by social status, but also by individual characteristics. The level of vigilance, activity and exploration changed with social status, whereas boldness appeared as a stable individual property, independent of status. Furthermore, variation in vocalization predicted future social status, indicating that individual behaviours can both be a predictor and a consequence of social status, depending on the aspect in focus. Our results illustrate that social states contribute to both variation and stability in behavioural responses, and should therefore be taken into account when investigating and interpreting variation in personality.
University Social Responsibility (USR) in the context of Peruvian society A systematic review
<p>Background: The university social responsibility (USR) goes beyond the traditional extension and solidary social projection of the universities, but the professional must improve and develop proposals in improvement of the country. The objective is to carry out a systematic review of the scientific production related to USR in Peru and to analysed the most important findings of this production.</p> <p>Method: A systematic review of articles in English and Spanish in repositories such as SCOPUS, REDALYC and SCIELO was carried out, searching for research related to USR in the Peruvian context. Articles on USR in Latin America or the world were excluded. The search and filtering of articles was carried out until February 2023. Several filters were applied, starting with the search for titles according to the search equation. Then, articles that did not deal with MSW were eliminated. Subsequently, the abstracts were read and those that did not meet the inclusion criteria were discarded. Finally, the remaining research was analysed to obtain the necessary information for the research.</p> <p>Results: A total of 20 articles were analysed. The main results showed that university social responsibility in the Peruvian context seeks to benefit society and to form ethical and responsible students. However, more policies and actions are needed to encourage the participation of all universities in USR.</p> <p>Conclusion: University Social Responsibility (USR) seeks to benefit society, being students the key actors to improve their country with the professional development acquired in higher institutions. The implication for future research is to carry out more studies on MSW but within the national university centres in the highlands and jungle areas of Peru, where it is possible to show the state of this topic in other areas of Peru</p>
Activating and Identifying Neural Responses to Social Rejection: a Combined tDCS and fMRI Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02739789. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Pharmaco-imaging Approach to Predicting Social Functioning and Clinical Responses to Oxytocin Administration in Schizophrenia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03900754. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Transforming water: social influence moderates psychological, physiological, and functional response to a placebo product
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Data from: Social status and personality: stability in social state can promote consistency of behavioural responses
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Data from: Using a robotic fish to investigate individual differences in social responsiveness in the guppy
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Data from: Social status, immune response, and parasitism in males: a meta-analysis
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.