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183 results for “social wasp”
FIGURE 1 in Protopolybia aliciae, a new polistine social wasp from Brazilian Amazonia (Hym.; Vespidae, Polistinae, Epiponini)
FIGURE 1. Lateral view of Protopolybia aliciae sp. n. (wing length: 4 mm)
Figure 5 in Anthropic action affects the cuticular chemical profile of social wasps
Figure 5. Ordering by Detrended Correspondence Analyses (Axes 1 and 2) based on the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of the samples of the 3 species whose colonies were nested in two types of environments. The points on Axis 1, between 0 and 50 on the left, represent compounds more characteristic of samples from more anthropized environments and between 100 and 150 on the right, from less anthropized environments.
Figure 4 in Anthropic action affects the cuticular chemical profile of social wasps
Figure 4. Similarity dendrogram based on the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of the samples of the 3 species whose colonies were nested in two types of environments. Pentagon: more anthropized areas. Star: less anthropized areas.
Figure 3 in Anthropic action affects the cuticular chemical profile of social wasps
Figure 3. Bar charts showing the relative abundance and number of compounds belonging to the different classes of cuticular hydrocarbons present in the samples of Polistes versicolor (A), Polybia paulista (B) and Polybia occidentalis (C) whose colonies were nesting in more anthropized environments (black box) and less anthropized (white box). LA = Linear Alkanes, BA = Branched Alkanes, AK = Alkenes, ALD = Alkadienes.
Figure 2 in Anthropic action affects the cuticular chemical profile of social wasps
Figure 2. Similarity dendrogram generated based on the percentages of different types of land use in the municipalities where the colonies of the 3 species of social wasps were sampled. Pentagon: more anthropized areas. Star: less anthropized areas. DDS1: Dourados point 1; DDS2: Dourados point 2; IVIN: Ivinhema; MN1: Mundo Novo point 1; MN2: Mundo Novo point 2; PP: Ponta Porã.
Figure 1 in Anthropic action affects the cuticular chemical profile of social wasps
Figure 1. Satellite image showing the places in the municipalities where the colonies of the 3 social wasp species were nesting and, the percentages (pie charts) of the different types of land use and occupation (adapted from the IBGE, 2013 definition). Number 1 and 2 indicates the two collection points in the same city.
Fig. 1 in Notes on the nest of the social wasp Pseudopolybia langi (Hym., Vespidae, Polistinae)
Fig. 1. Nest of P. langi from RESEX Cajari; scale: 2 cm.
Fig. 2 in Metapolybia araujoi, a new species of swarming social wasp from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest (Vespidae: Polistinae)
Fig. 2. Labels found attached to the specimen.
Fig. 15 in Notes on social wasps of the group of Mischocyttarus (Omega) punctatus (Ducke), with description of six new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)
Fig. 15. Map with distribution of the studied species of the M. punctatus group.
Resource limitation, intragroup aggression, and brain neuropeptide expression in a social wasp
<p>1. Nourishment can have profound effects on social behavior, including aggressive interactions between individuals. However, how nutritional resource availability and limitation affects intraspecific aggression remains somewhat contested. The prevailing theoretical and empirical understanding is that when nutritional resources are limited, inter-individual competition and aggression will increase. However, findings from several social animals suggest that limited nutrition can lead to increased cooperation, including by a reduction in inter-individual aggression.</p> <p>2. We suggest that in social insect colonies, where nourishment is often important in determining differences between the reproductive and non-reproductive worker behavioral castes, the link between an individual's nourishment and their future reproductive potential may be a key missing element of models that predict how nutritional resource availability affects inter-individual aggression.</p> <p>3. We investigated how nourishment influenced intra-colony aggression and its molecular correlates in colonies of the social paper wasp <i>Polistes fuscatus</i>, which workers that maintain flexible reproductive potential as adults. We subjected colonies to either a high or low feeding treatment, and examined subsequent effects on behavior, physiology, and brain gene expression.</p> <p>4. We found that nutritional restriction reduced aggressive interactions, suggesting increased social cohesion when resources are limiting. Thus, individual worker paper wasps appear to have the capacity to adjust their behavior (e.g., reduced aggression) in response to nutritional stress, investing nutritional resources in the colony when resources are limiting, and in the self when resources are abundant.</p> <p>5. Differential brain gene expression results implicate two well-known neuropeptides associated with aggression and/or nutrient signaling across taxa, <i>Tachykinin </i>and <i>Neuropeptide-F</i>, as possible mediators of nutritionally-dependent intra-colony aggression. This adds to a growing understanding that deeply conserved genes associated with core, conserved behaviors such as feeding and aggression in solitary insects can play a role in the regulation of social plasticity in more highly social species.</p>
Fig. 1 in Social wasps of Wetland Kerkini, northern Greece (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae, Polistinae)
Fig. 1: A schematic map of Wetland Kerkini and its position in Greece.
Fig. 8 in On ''Molecular Phylogeny of Vespidae (Hymenoptera) and the Evolution of Sociality in Wasps''
Fig. 8. Screen display of first step in realignment. See text for explanation of gap insertion.
Fig. 9 in On ''Molecular Phylogeny of Vespidae (Hymenoptera) and the Evolution of Sociality in Wasps''
Fig. 9. Screen display of second step in realignment. See text for explanation of gap insertion.
Fig. 1. Cladogram for the 16S in On ''Molecular Phylogeny of Vespidae (Hymenoptera) and the Evolution of Sociality in Wasps''
Fig. 1. Cladogram for the 16S mtrDNA alignment of Schmitz and Moritz (1998). The length is
Fig. 19 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)
Fig. 19. Habitus of the lone specimen and holotype of Apoica ellenae. Scale bar 5 5.0 mm.
Fig. 2 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)
Fig. 2. Eye hairs: A, Apoica thoracica, absent; B, Apoica pallida, present. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm.
Figure 1 in Temperature increase impairs recognition among nestmates in the social wasp Polybia paulista H. von Ihering, 1896 (Vespidae: Polistinae: Epiponini)
Figure 1. Graphic representation of the experimental design. Containers inside the BOD represent wasps subjected to different temperatures used to evaluate the effect of temperature on behavior. Containers outside the BOD (24℃) represent wasps kept under laboratory conditions and used in the paired encounters with experimental wasps. Control containers represent wasps used in the experiments to evaluate isolation′s effect on nestmates′ recognition.
Phylomitogenomics reveals mito-nuclear concordance in social wasps: the performance of mitochondrial markers and gene order for hymenopteran systematics.
<p>Mitochondrial (mtDNA) genes have served as widely utilized genetic loci for animal phylogenetics and phylogeography studies. However, the phylogenetic performance of many mtDNA genes has not been empirically evaluated across lineages within hymenopteran wasps. To address this question, we assembled and analyzed mitogenomic data from social wasps, representing the four recognized tribes of Polistinae and also all Epiponini genera. Additionally, we evaluated whether mtDNA gene order in Polistinae is congruent with its tribal classification. Using concatenation phylogenetic methods, we show phylogenetic congruence between mitogenomic and nuclear data. Statistically comparing the phylogenetic performance of individual mtDNA genes, we demonstrate that for social wasps the molecular markers COI, 16S, NAD5, and NAD2 perform best, while ATP6, COII, and 12S show the worst results. Finally, we verified that the tRNA cluster close to the noncoding region is a hotspot of rearrangement in Vespidae and can be used as additional information for the systematics of this group. Together, these results indicate that mitogenomes contain robust phylogenetic signal to elucidate the evolutionary history of Vespidae. Moreover, our study identifies the best choice of mitochondrial markers for systematic investigations of social wasps.</p>
Data for: Morphometric parameters in males of the social wasp Polistes simillimus
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Sperm competition and male mating rate are two non-mutually exclusive key evolutionary pressures selecting for larger testes within and across animal taxa. A few studies have tried to disentangle their effects (e.g., testing the role of mating rate in the absence of sperm competition). Under the mating rate hypothesis, </span><span>particular phenotypes of a given population which are expected to gain more mates (e.g. more ornamented males) are expected to make higher investment in testes size (a proxy for sperm production).</span><span> We test this prediction in <em>Polistes simillimus, </em>a neotropical paper wasp in which females are single-mated (no sperm competition) and males can mate with multiple partners. According to linear mixed model analyses, </span><span>testes size was predicted by body size (positive association), sexual ornamentation (negative association), and their interaction (among small males, testes size was positively related to ornamentation but the opposite pattern was observed among large males). We propose that small-bodied well-ornamented males may face the highest risk of sperm depletion. Nevertheless, small-bodied males make relatively higher investment in testes size when sexy (more ornamented). This strategy might be less profitable to large males, as they have overall larger testes. Our results provide strong evidence for the mating rate hypothesis.</span></p>
Resource limitation, intragroup aggression, and brain neuropeptide expression in a social wasp
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