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379 results for “species number”
Figure 2. - Number of species recorded in Jean Gutierrez collection dataset (solid bar) and in the literature (dashed bar) compiled in Spider Mites Web (http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb/) for the areas of particular interest. Colour scheme same as in Figure 1.
Figure 2. - Number of species recorded in Jean Gutierrez collection dataset (solid bar) and in the literature (dashed bar) compiled in Spider Mites Web (http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb/) for the areas of particular interest. Colour scheme same as in Figure 1.
Figure 10. - Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Epicephala species based on sequences of the COI, ArgK and EF1α genes. Numbers above nodes are maximum-likelihood bootstrap support values based on 1,000 replications. The Japanese Epicephala species are marked in blue. Symbols right to species names donate ovipositor morphology: inverted U-shape, rounded apically; inverted V-shape, acute apically.
Figure 10. - Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Epicephala species based on sequences of the COI, ArgK and EF1α genes. Numbers above nodes are maximum-likelihood bootstrap support values based on 1,000 replications. The Japanese Epicephala species are marked in blue. Symbols right to species names donate ovipositor morphology: inverted U-shape, rounded apically; inverted V-shape, acute apically.
Supplementary material 1: Number of Pteridaceae species by gender in Togo from: The Pteridaceae family diversity in Togo - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5078 (15 July 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5078
Number of Pteridaceae species by gender in Togo
Fig. 1. Tick species and the total monthly tick numbers collected during the 5 in Seasonal variations in ixodid tick populations on a commercial game farm in the Limpopo Province, South Africa
Fig. 1. Tick species and the total monthly tick numbers collected during the 5-year study period.
Number of individuals of each species monthly (from October, 2022 to October, 2023) collected at a shrubby Caatinga area, municipality of São José do Piauí, Piauí state, Brazil.
<p>Dataset included in the manuscript "The orchid bee fauna (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossina) from the Capadócia Nordestina, Piauí State, Brazil", submitted to Biota Neotropica. </p>
Richness (species numbers) of butterflies in the Iberian Peninsula on a 50 x 50 km UTM grid
<p>This file contains the on richness (species numbers) of butterflies from the Iberian Peninsula as they were used to model richness on contemporary climatic and non-climatic variables, then to forecast richness values to future climate scenarios. This is a text *.csv file.</p>
Species numbers by country.pdf: a listing of total fish species numbers for locations compiled from http://www.fishbase.us online database.
<p>Species numbers by country.pdf: a listing of total fish species numbers for locations compiled from http://www.fishbase.us online database.</p> <p>data from Starck, W.A., Estapé C.J. & Morgan Estapé, A. (2017) The fishes of Alligator Reef and environs in the<br> Florida Keys: a half-century update. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 27, 74–117.</p>
Estimation of species abundance based on the number of segregating sites using environmental DNA (eDNA)
<p>The advancement of environmental DNA (eDNA) has enabled rapid and non-invasive species detection in aquatic environments. While most studies focus on detecting species presence or absence, recent research has explored using eDNA data to quantify species abundance. This estimation usually is based on the concentration of targeted eDNA. However, eDNA concentration can be influenced by various factors, both biotic and abiotic, which can obscure the relationship between concentration and species abundance. In this study, we suggest using the number of segregating sites as a proxy for estimating species abundance. We investigated this relationship in silico, in vitro, and in situ (mesocosm experiments) using two brackish goby species, <em>Acanthogobius hasta</em> and <em>Tridentiger bifasciatus</em>. Analysis of simulated and in vitro data, where DNA was mixed from a known number of individuals, revealed a strong correlation between the number of segregating sites and species abundance (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.9; P < 0.01). Results from the mesocosm experiment confirmed this correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.70, P < 0.01). This correlation remained consistent despite biotic factors such as body size and feeding behavior of the fish (P > 0.05). Cross-validation tests demonstrated that the number of segregating sites predicts species abundance more accurately and reliably than eDNA concentration. In conclusion, the number of segregating sites is a precise and robust indicator of species abundance compared to eDNA concentration, offering a significant enhancement to the quantitative capabilities of eDNA technology.</p>
Extirpated species in Berlin, dates of last detections, habitats, and number of Berlin's inhabitants
<p>Species loss is highly scale-dependent, following the species-area relationship. We analysed spatio-temporal patterns of species' extirpation on a multitaxonomic level using Berlin, the capital city of Germany. Berlin is one of the largest cities in Europe and has experienced a strong urbanisation trend since the late 19th century. We expected species' extirpation to be exceptionally high due to the long history of urbanisation. Analysing regional Red Lists of Threatened Plants, Animals, and Fungi of Berlin (covering 9498 species), we found that 16 % of species were extirpated, a rate 5.9 times higher than at the German scale, and 47.1 times higher than at the European scale. Species' extirpation in Berlin is comparable to that of another German city with a similarly broad taxonomic coverage, but much higher than in regional areas with less human impact. The documentation of species' extirpation started in the 18th century and is well documented for the 19th and 20th centuries. We found an average annual extirpation of 3.6 species in the 19th century, 9.6 species in the 20th century, and the same number of extirpated species as in the 19th century were documented in the 21th century, despite the much shorter time period. Our results showed that species' extirpation is higher at small than on large spatial scales, and might be negatively influenced by urbanisation, with different effects on different taxonomic groups and habitats. Over time, we found that species' extirpation is highest during periods of high human alterations and is negatively affected by the number of people living in the city. But, there is still a lack of data to decouple the size of the area and the human impact of urbanisation. However, cities might be suitable systems for studying species' extirpation processes due to their small scale and human impact.</p>
The number of HAdV species B and HAdV species C positive cases by age group, and their positivity rates among ARTI cases.
<p><strong><span>The number of HAdV species B and HAdV species C positive cases by age group, and their positivity rates among ARTI cases.</span></strong></p>
FIGURE 2 in Egg Number Varies With Population Density; A Study Of Three Oribatid Mite Species In Orchard Habitats In Egypt
FIGURE 2:: Average population densities of the three studied species as a function of sampling time. Means are given with their standard errors. For each vegetation type, means were taken over three different sites (cf. Fig. 1) and three replicate samples within a site.
FIGURE 1 in Egg Number Varies With Population Density; A Study Of Three Oribatid Mite Species In Orchard Habitats In Egypt
FIGURE 1: Map of Al-Gharbia Governate in Egypt, indicating the three sampling areas (Tanta, Al Mahalla Al Kobra and Kafr Al Zayat). The inset shows the location of Al-Gharbia in Egypt. In each area, three orchards were sampled four times in a year. The same three types of orchard were selected in each area. The distance between locations varies from 19 to 38 km; the distance between sites within one location is 1-2 km.
FIGURE 3 in Egg Number Varies With Population Density; A Study Of Three Oribatid Mite Species In Orchard Habitats In Egypt
FIGURE 3: Relationship between population density and fecundity of the three studied species. The data (pooled over three samples per site) are for all sites, vegetation types and seasons together.
Reducing the number of accepted species in Aspergillus series Nigri
<p>The <em>Aspergillus</em> series <em>Nigri</em> contains biotechnologically and medically important species. They can produce hazardous mycotoxins, which is relevant due to the frequent occurrence of these species on foodstuffs and in the indoor environment. The taxonomy of the series has undergone numerous rearrangements, and currently, there are 14 species accepted in the series, most of which are considered cryptic. Species-level identifications are, however, problematic or impossible for many isolates even when using DNA sequencing or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, indicating a possible problem in the definition of species limits or the presence of undescribed species diversity. To re-examine the species boundaries, we collected DNA sequences from three phylogenetic markers (<em>benA</em>, <em>CaM</em> and <em>RPB2</em>) for 276 strains from series <em>Nigri</em> and generated 18 new whole-genome sequences. With the three-gene dataset, we employed phylogenetic methods based on the multispecies coalescence model, including four single-locus methods (GMYC, bGMYC, PTP and bPTP) and one multilocus method (STACEY). From a total of 15 methods and their various settings, 11 supported the recognition of only three species corresponding to the three main phylogenetic lineages: <em>A</em>. <em>niger</em>, <em>A</em>. <em>tubingensis</em> and <em>A</em>. <em>brasiliensis</em>. Similarly, recognition of these three species was supported by the GCPSR approach (Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition) and analysis in DELINEATE software. We also showed that the phylogeny based on <em>benA</em>, <em>CaM</em> and <em>RPB2</em> is suboptimal and displays significant differences from a phylogeny constructed using 5 752 single-copy orthologous proteins; therefore, the results of the delimitation methods may be subject to a higher than usual level of uncertainty. To overcome this, we randomly selected 200 genes from these genomes and performed ten independent STACEY analyses, each with 20 genes. All analyses supported the recognition of only one species in the <em>A</em>. <em>niger</em> and <em>A</em>. <em>brasiliensis</em> lineages, while one to four species were inconsistently delimited in the <em>A</em>. <em>tubingensis</em> lineage. After considering all of these results and their practical implications, we propose that the revised series <em>Nigri</em> includes six species: <em>A</em>. <em>brasiliensis</em>, <em>A</em>. <em>eucalypticola</em>, <em>A</em>. <em>luchuensis</em> (syn. <em>A</em>. <em>piperis</em>), <em>A</em>. <em>niger</em> (syn. <em>A</em>. <em>vinaceus</em> and <em>A</em>. <em>welwitschiae</em>), <em>A</em>. <em>tubingensis</em> (syn. <em>A</em>. <em>chiangmaiensis</em>, <em>A</em>. <em>costaricensis</em>, <em>A</em>. <em>neoniger</em> and <em>A</em>. <em>pseudopiperis</em>) and <em>A</em>. <em>vadensis</em>. We also showed that the intraspecific genetic variability in the redefined <em>A</em>. <em>niger</em> and <em>A</em>. <em>tubingensis</em> does not deviate from that commonly found in other aspergilli. We supplemented the study with a list of accepted species, synonyms and unresolved names, some of which may threaten the stability of the current taxonomy.</p>
Species interactions and diversity: a unified framework using Hill numbers
<p>Biodiversity describes the variety of organisms on planet earth. Ecologists have long hoped for a synthesis between analyses of biodiversity and analyses of biotic interactions among species, such as predation, competition, and mutualism. However, it is often unclear how to connect details of these interactions with complex modern analyses of biodiversity. To resolve this gap, we propose a unification of models of biotic interactions and measurements of diversity. We show that analyses of biodiversity obscure details about biotic interactions. For example, identical changes in biodiversity can arise from predation, competition or mutualism. Our approach indicates that traditional models of community assembly miss key facets of diversity change. Instead, we suggest that analyses of diversity change should focus on partitions, which measure mechanisms that directly shape changes in diversity, notably species level selection and immigration, rather than traditional analyses of biotic interactions.</p>
The number of glyphosate resistant seeds produced by each of three bee species as they visit alfalfa flowers in sequence during a foraging bout
<p>Since the release of genetically engineered (GE) crops, there has been increased concern about the introduction of GE genes into non-GE fields of a crop and their spread to feral or wild cross-compatible relatives. More recently, attention has been given to the differential impact of distinct pollinators on gene flow, with the goal of developing isolation distances associated with specific managed pollinators. To examine the differential impact of bee species on gene movement, we <span>quantified the relationship between the probability of getting a GE seed in a pod, and the order in which a flower was visited, or the cumulative distance traveled by a bee in a foraging bout. We refer to these relationships as 'seed curves' and compare these seeds curves among three bee species. </span>The experiments used <em><span>Medicago sativa</span></em><span> L. plants carrying three copies of the glyphosate resistance (GR) allele as pollen donors (<em>M. sativa</em> is a tetraploid), such that each pollen grain carried the GR allele, and conventional plants as pollen recipients. </span><span>Different foraging metrics, including the number of GR seeds produced over a foraging bout, were also quantified and contrasted among bee species. The lowest number of GR seeds set per foraging bout, and the GR seeds set at the shortest distances, were produced following leafcutting bee visits. In contrast, GR seeds were found at the longest distances following bumble bee visits. Values for honey bees were intermediate. The ranking of bee species based on seed curves correlated well with field-based gene flow estimates. Thus, differential seed curves of bee species, which describe patterns of seed production within foraging bouts, translated into distinct abilities of bee species to move genes at a landscape level. Bee behavior at a local scale (foraging bout) helps predict gene flow and </span><span>the spread of GE genes at the landscape scale. </span></p>
FIG. 12 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary
FIG. 12. — Altitudinal distribution of Cetrelia W.L.Culb.& C.F.Culb.species in Hungary.
FIG. 9 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary
FIG. 9. — Distribution of Cetrelia monachorum (Zahlbr.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. in Hungary.
FIG. 8 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary
FIG. 8. — Distribution of Cetrelia chicitae (W.L.Culb.) W.L. Culb.& C.F. Culb.in Hungary.
Foundress number in Local ecological factors, not interference competition, drive the foundress number of two species of fig wasp sharing Ficus septica figs
<p><span>Recent studies have challenged assumptions about the classic fig-fig wasp pollination mutualism model, suggesting that further investigation into the receptive phase of fig development is needed. This study assessed the pollination mechanisms of <em>Ficus septica</em> in southern Taiwan and identified two species of wasps as the primary pollinators. Machine learning was used to identify and rank the factors that explain the relative abundance of these wasps. The two wasp species showed the highest level of cohabitation ever reported in the literature, with three-quarters of the figs containing multiple foundresses. The study also reported re-emerged foundresses and a 10% ratio of pollinated figs without foundresses. Local factors, such as the sampling period and tree identity, were the best predictors of the presence and number of each foundress species, with fig size also affecting the number of foundresses. The study highlights the variability in pollinator abundance between figs, crops, and trees. It also shows that the local environment of the trees and the availability of figs are crucial factors in determining which figs the pollinator wasps choose. These findings challenge assumptions about the classic mutualism model and suggest that long-term surveys are needed to estimate the relative contributions of each partner and provide data for evolutionary and ecological models. This study also provides valuable insights into the factors that affect the abundance and interactions of pollinator wasps during the receptive phase of fig development, with implications for understanding the behaviour of pollinating wasps and advancing our knowledge of population dynamics in <em>Ficus </em>species.</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.