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230 results for “species presence”
Figure 73 in Morphology analysis supports presence of more than one species in the "Euscorpius carpathicus" complex (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)
Figure 73: Morphometric ratio: chela length/chela width. See Fig. 70 for definition of other terms.
Figure 47 in Morphology analysis supports presence of more than one species in the "Euscorpius carpathicus" complex (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)
Figure 47: Euscorpius koschewnikowi Birula, female lectotype, Mt. Athos, Greece.
Data from: Lineage diversification of fringe-toed lizards (Phrynosomatidae: Uma notata complex) in the Colorado Desert: Delimiting species in the presence of gene flow
Multi-locus nuclear DNA data were used to delimit species of fringe-toed lizards of the Uma notata complex, which are specialized for living in wind-blown sand habitats in the deserts of southwestern North America, and to infer whether Quaternary glacial cycles or Tertiary geological events were important in shaping the historical biogeography of this group. We analyzed ten nuclear loci collected using Sanger sequencing and genome-wide sequence and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data collected using restriction-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing. A combination of species discovery methods (concatenated phylogenies, parametric and non-parametric clustering algorithms) and species validation approaches (coalescent-based species tree/isolation-with-migration models) were used to delimit species, infer phylogenetic relationships, and to estimate effective population sizes, migration rates, and speciation times. Uma notata, U. inornata, U. cowlesi, and an undescribed species from Mohawk Dunes, Arizona (U. sp.) were supported as distinct in the concatenated analyses and by clustering algorithms, and all operational taxonomic units were decisively supported as distinct species by ranking hierarchical nested speciation models with Bayes factors based on coalescent-based species tree methods. However, significant unidirectional gene flow (2NM >1) from U. cowlesi and U. notata into U. rufopunctata was detected under the isolation-with-migration model. Therefore, we conservatively delimit four species-level lineages within this complex (U. inornata, U. notata, U. cowlesi, and U. sp.), treating U. rufopunctata as a hybrid population (U. notata x cowlesi). Both concatenated and coalescent-based estimates of speciation times support the hypotheses that speciation within the complex occurred during the late Pleistocene, and that the geological evolution of the Colorado River delta during this period was an important process shaping the observed phylogeographic patterns.
T2.3 Raw data: Allelochemicals in different wheat cultivars in presence of two weed species
<p>The dataset contains raw data in various MS Excel sheets related to a manuscript.</p> <p>Content:</p> <p>Sheet 1: Metadata and abbreviations<br> Sheet 2: Data of chemical analyses for benzoxazinoids of 4 winter wheat cultivars (i.e., Adesso, Element, Maurizio, NS 40S) grown alone or in the presence of 2 weed species (i.e., <em>Lolium rigidum</em>, <em>Portulaca oleracea</em>)<br> Sheet 3: Means and standard deviations of the benzoxazinoids data<br> Sheet 4: Data of chemiocal analyses for polyphenols for the 4 wheat cultivars grown alone or in presence of the 2 weed species<br> Sheet 5: Means and standard deviations of the polyphenols data<br> Sheet 6: Germination and growth data of the bioassays carried out with the wheat cultivars and the weed species<br> Sheet 7: Means and standard deviations of the germination and growth data</p>
Bayesian species distribution models integrate presence-only and presence-absence data to predict deer distribution and relative abundance
<p>Using geospatial data of wildlife presence to predict a species distribution across a geographic area is among the most common tools in management and conservation. The collection of high-quality presence-absence data through structured surveys is, however, expensive, and managers usually have access to larger amounts of low-quality presence-only data collected by citizen scientists, opportunistic observations, and culling returns for game species. Integrated Species Distribution Models (ISDMs) have been developed to make the most of the data available by combining the higher-quality, but usually scarcer and more spatially restricted presence-absence data, with the lower quality, unstructured, but usually more extensive presence-only datasets. Joint-likelihood ISDMs can be run in a Bayesian context using INLA (Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation) methods that allow the addition of a spatially structured random effect to account for data spatial autocorrelation. Here, we apply this innovative approach to fit ISDMs to empirical data, using presence-absence and presence-only data for the three prevalent deer species in Ireland: red, fallow and sika deer. We collated all deer data available for the past 15 years and fitted models predicting distribution and relative abundance at a 25 km<sup>2</sup> resolution across the island. Models' predictions were associated to spatial estimates of uncertainty, allowing us to assess the quality of the model and the effect that data scarcity has on the certainty of predictions. Furthermore, we checked the performance of the three species-specific models using two datasets, independent deer hunting returns and deer densities based on faecal pellet counts. Our work clearly demonstrates the applicability of spatially-explicit ISDMs to empirical data in a Bayesian context, providing a blueprint for managers to exploit unexplored and seemingly unusable data that can, when modelled with the proper tools, serve to inform management and conservation policies.</p>
Estimation of species divergence times in presence of cross-species gene flow
<p>Cross-species introgression can have significant impacts on phylogenomic reconstruction of species divergence events. Here, we used simulations to show how the presence of even a small amount of introgression can bias divergence time estimates when gene flow is ignored in the analysis. Using advances in analytical methods under the multispecies coalescent (MSC) model, we demonstrate that by accounting for incomplete lineage sorting and introgression using large phylogenomic data sets this problem can be avoided. The multispecies-coalescent with-introgression (MSci) model is capable of accurately estimating both divergence times and ancestral effective population sizes, even when only a single diploid individual per species is sampled. We characterize some general expectations for biases in divergence time estimation under three different scenarios: 1) introgression between sister species, 2) introgression between non-sister species, and 3) introgression from an unsampled (i.e., ghost) outgroup lineage. We also conducted simulations under the isolation-with-migration (IM) model, and found that the MSci model assuming episodic gene flow was able to accurately estimate species divergence times despite high levels of continuous gene flow. We estimated divergence times under the MSC and MSci models from two published empirical datasets with previous evidence of introgression, one of 372 target enrichment loci from baobabs (<em>Adansonia</em>), and another of 1,000 transcriptome loci from fourteen species of the tomato relative, <em>Jaltomata</em>. The empirical analyses not only confirm our findings from simulations, demonstrating that the MSci model can reliably estimate divergence times, but also show that divergence time estimation under the MSC can be robust to the presence of small amounts of introgression in empirical datasets with extensive taxon sampling.</p>
Root litter decomposition is suppressed in species mixtures and in the presence of living roots
<p>Plant species diversity and identity can significantly modify litter decomposition, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, particularly for root litter. Here, we aimed to disentangle the mechanisms by which plant species diversity alters root litter decomposition We hypothesised that 1) interactions between species in mixed communities result in litter that decomposes faster than litter produced in monocultures; 2) litter decomposition is accelerated in the presence of living plants, especially when the litter and living plant identities are matched (known as home field advantage).</p> <p>Monocultures and a mixture of four common grassland species were established to obtain individual litter and a 'natural' root litter mixture. An 'artificial' mixed litter was created using litter from monocultures, mixed in the same proportions as the species composition in the natural litter mixtures based on qPCR measurements. These six root litter types were incubated in four monocultures, a four-species mixture, and an unplanted soil.</p> <p>Root decomposition was strongly affected by root litter identity and the presence, but not diversity, of living roots. Mixed-species litter decomposed slower than expected based on the decomposition of single-species litters. In addition, the presence of living roots suppressed decomposition independent of the match between litter and living plant identities. Decomposition was not significantly different between the 'natural' and 'artificial' root litter mixtures, indicating that root-root interactions in species mixtures did not affect root chemical quality.</p> <p>Synthesis: Suppressed decomposition in the presence of living roots indicates that interactions between microbial communities associated with living roots and root litter control root litter decomposition. As we found no support for the importance of home field advantage or interspecific root interactions in modifying decomposition, suppressed decomposition of mixed-species litter seems to be primarily driven by chemical rather than biotic interactions.</p>
Data from: Beyond Rocky Mountain spotted fever: Investigation of the presence and diversity of spotted fever <em>Rickettsia</em> species in ticks submitted from forestry workers
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Even more oak species in Mexico? Genetic structure and morphological differentiation support the presence of at least two specific entities within Quercus laeta
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Bayesian species distribution models integrate presence-only and presence-absence data to predict deer distribution and relative abundance
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Root litter decomposition is suppressed in species mixtures and in the presence of living roots
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Data from: Lineage diversification of fringe-toed lizards (Phrynosomatidae: Uma notata complex) in the Colorado Desert: Delimiting species in the presence of gene flow
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Data for: The meta-analysis of the effects of spatial sampling bias correction on presence only species distribution models
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Data from: Effectiveness of joint species distribution models in the presence of imperfect detection
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Data for: A new threshold selection method for species distribution models with presence-only data: extracting the mutation point of the P/E curve by threshold regression
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Estimation of species divergence times in presence of cross-species gene flow
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Flying under the LiDAR: relating forest structure to bat activity, species richness, and presence
<p>Dataset supporting article entitled "Flying under the LiDAR; relating forest structure to bat activity, species richness, and presence"</p>
Data from: Evaluating presence-only species distribution models with discrimination accuracy is uninformative for many applications
Aim: Species distribution models are used across evolution, ecology, conservation, and epidemiology to make critical decisions and study biological phenomena, often in cases where experimental approaches are intractable. Choices regarding optimal models, methods, and data are typically made based on discrimination accuracy: a model's ability to predict subsets of species occurrence data that were withheld during model construction. However, empirical applications of these models often involve making biological inferences based on continuous estimates of relative habitat suitability as a function of environmental predictor variables. We term the reliability of these biological inferences "functional accuracy." We explore the link between discrimination accuracy and functional accuracy. Methods: Using a simulation approach we investigate whether models that make good predictions of species distributions correctly infer the underlying relationship between environmental predictors and the suitability of habitat. Results: We demonstrate that discrimination accuracy is only informative when models are simple and similar in structure to the true niche, or when data partitioning is geographically structured. However, the utility of discrimination accuracy for selecting models with high functional accuracy was low in all cases. Main conclusions: These results suggest that many empirical studies and decisions are based on criteria that are unrelated to models' usefulness for their intended purpose. We argue that empirical modeling studies need to place significantly more emphasis on biological insight into the plausibility of models, and that the current approach of maximizing discrimination accuracy at the expense of other considerations is detrimental to both the empirical and methodological literature in this active field. Finally, we argue that future development of the field must include an increased emphasis on simulation; methodological studies based on ability to predict withheld occurrence data may be largely uninformative about best practices for applications where interpretation of models relies on estimating ecological processes, and will unduly penalize more biologically informative modeling approaches.
Data from: Evolutionary reconstruction supports the presence of a Pleistocene Arctic refugium for a large mammal species
Aim: The presence of refugia in the Canadian High Arctic has been subject to debate for decades. We investigated the potential existence of Arctic refugia during the Pleistocene for a large mammal species in the Canadian Archipelago because if these refugia were present, reconsideration of the evolutionary histories of North American fauna and flora beyond the major refugia of Beringia and south of the Laurentide and Cordilleran Ice Sheets would be required. Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi), identified as a subspecies based on morphological characteristics, inhabits the Canadian Arctic Islands and Boothia Peninsula. Previous studies demonstrated incomplete lineage sorting of mitochondrial DNA interpreted as a Beringian origin but were based on small sample sizes. Location: Canadian Arctic. Major taxa studied: Mammals: caribou (Rangifer tarandus). Methods: We used two molecular markers (microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA) and approximate Bayesian computations (ABC) testing the hypotheses of colonization out of Beringia into the Arctic Islands following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) or a divergence from Beringia significantly before the end of the LGM within a different refugium. Results: The coalescent-based analyses rejected a recent Beringian origin with subsequent colonization, instead supporting a divergence of Peary caribou from Beringia ~100,000 years ago linking it to the last interglacial/early Wisconsin Glacial Stage (125,000–75,000 years ago). Admixture on Banks Island with Beringian-derived barren-ground caribou is indicative of post-Pleistocene secondary contact; further supporting a divergent history of Peary caribou within a separated Arctic refugium. Main conclusions: Our results offer support for the existence of an Arctic refugium for large mammal species and add to the increasing evidence of such refugia in North America. This has significant implications on understanding the evolution and conservation of Arctic species, particularly in light of sensitivities and adaptive potential to a rapidly changing climate.
Data from: Mitochondrial genomes of Australian chicken Eimeria support the presence of ten species with low genetic diversity among strains
Modern molecular approaches have vastly improved diagnostic capabilities for differentiating among species of chicken infecting Eimeria. Consolidating information from multiple genetic markers, adding additional poultry Eimeria species and increasing the size of available data-sets is improving the resolving power of the DNA, and consequently our understanding of the genus. This study adds information from 25 complete mitochondrial DNA genomes from Australian chicken Eimeria isolates representing all 10 species known to occur in Australia, including OTU-X, −Y and −Z. The resulting phylogeny provides a comprehensive view of species relatedness highlighting where the OTUs align with respect to others members of the genus. All three OTUs fall within the Eimeria clade that contains only chicken-infecting species with close affinities to E. maxima, E. brunetti and E. mitis. Mitochondrial genetic diversity was low among Australian isolates likely reflecting their recent introduction to the country post-European settlement. The lack of observed genetic diversity is a promising outcome as it suggests that the currently used live vaccines should continue to offer widespread protection against Eimeria outbreaks in all states and territories. Flocks were frequently found to host multiple strains of the same species, a factor that should be considered when studying disease epidemiology in the field.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.