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Fig. 3 in A new kogiid sperm whale from northern Italy supports psychrospheric conditions in the early Pliocene Mediterranean Sea
Fig. 3. Cranium, in ventral view, of the kogiid sperm whale Pliokogia apenninica gen. et sp. nov. (MSNUP I-17603, holotype), from the lower Pliocene of Sant'Andrea Bagni (Northern Apennines, northern Italy). Photograph (A1), explanatory drawing (A2). The black-shaded areas correspond to openings in the skull. The grey vertical stripes denote abraded or broken areas. Dashed lines for approximating the position of several sutures and borders.
Fig. 2 in A new kogiid sperm whale from northern Italy supports psychrospheric conditions in the early Pliocene Mediterranean Sea
Fig. 2. Cranium, in dorsal view, of the kogiid sperm whale Pliokogia apenninica gen. et sp. nov. (MSNUP I-17603, holotype), from the lower Pliocene of Sant'Andrea Bagni (Northern Apennines, northern Italy). Photograph (A1), explanatory drawing (A2). The black areas correspond to openings in the skull. The grey vertical stripes denote abraded or broken areas. Dashed lines are for the sagittal vomerine sulcus and the approximate border of the supracranial basin, premaxillary fossa, and peripheral maxillary fossa.
Fig. 1. A in A new kogiid sperm whale from northern Italy supports psychrospheric conditions in the early Pliocene Mediterranean Sea
Fig. 1. A. Geographical position (star) of the lower Pliocene site of Sant'Andrea Bagni, Northern Apennines, northern Italy, where the holotype of Pliokogia apenninica gen. et sp. nov. (MSNUP I-17603) was discovered (image from Google Earth). B. Schematic stratigraphic section of the Pliocene succession exposed at Sant'Andrea Bagni (redrawn and modified after Channel et al. 1994).
FIGURE 3 in Ambergris cololites of Pleistocene sperm whales from central Italy and description of the new ichnogenus and ichnospecies Ambergrisichnus alleronae
FIGURE 3. Simpler cololites (intestinelite group) from Bargiano section. 1., 7. Typical irregular elongated mass (CT02), produced by different helicoidal swirls, Bargiano section, in lateral view (1) and backside view (7). Arrows indicate the occurrence of longitudinal striae. 2. Mass (CT03) with bulges (rognons). 3. Holotype of Ambergrisichnus alleronae (CT01), showing converging striae in the left apex (arrow) and enlargement at the other apex. 4. Characteristic helicoidal arrangement and rings with different colours (CT04). 5-6. Side view (5) and front view (6) of rings (CT04), (modified after Baldanza et al., 2013). 8-9. Modern examples of ambergris masses with concentric rings and changes in colour, comparable to study specimens (arrow in 8 indicates a squid beak).
FIGURE 6 in Ambergris cololites of Pleistocene sperm whales from central Italy and description of the new ichnogenus and ichnospecies Ambergrisichnus alleronae
FIGURE 6. XRPD patterns (1) and mass changes in thermogravimetric analysis (2) of five cololite samples. Numbers of samples correspond to the structure of provenance (Figure 2.2).
FIGURE 4 in Ambergris cololites of Pleistocene sperm whales from central Italy and description of the new ichnogenus and ichnospecies Ambergrisichnus alleronae
FIGURE 4. Complex cololites (intestinelite group), Bargiano section. 1., 4. Hummock-like cololite (n 8 in Figure 2.2), 50 cm high and 80 cm wide, with a concave, irregular center and outer sub-circular to elliptical tunnels (1). Disaggregated portions (4) reveal both striae and concentric structure. 2. Hummock-like cololite (n 12 in Figure 2.2) formed by an accumulation of irregular, elongated slabs. 3. Complex hummock-like structure (n 15 in Figure 2.2) with irregular, meandering tunnels disposed at various levels. 5. Isolated linear cololite (n 25 in Figure 2.2), 20 cm in diameter, partially emerging from clay deposits. 6. Irregular, 60 cm long linear cololite (n 11 in Figure 2.2), showing spiral coiling at the right side.
FIGURE 2. Bargiano ichnofossils-bearing site. 1., 3 in Ambergris cololites of Pleistocene sperm whales from central Italy and description of the new ichnogenus and ichnospecies Ambergrisichnus alleronae
FIGURE 2. Bargiano ichnofossils-bearing site. 1., 3. Panoramic views of cololites in W-E (1) and N-S (3) directions. 2. Simplified topographic map with localization of cololites and whale remains; main bed's attitude is reported. 4-6. Details of whale bones. 4. Part of the skull, associated to shell beds. 5. Cervical fused vertebrae 2nd-7th (Ve). 6. Oyster shells (Oy) grown on a bone surface.
FIGURE 1. 1 in Ambergris cololites of Pleistocene sperm whales from central Italy and description of the new ichnogenus and ichnospecies Ambergrisichnus alleronae
FIGURE 1. 1. Simplified geological scheme for the study area and location of fossil sites (modified after Baldanza et al., 2011). 2. Bargiano and Montemoro sedimentological and biostratigraphic sections. Pictures (m1, m2) show the emergence of large cololites in the Montemoro section. Grain-size scale: C = Clay, S = Silt, VFS = Very Fine Sand, FS = Fine Sand. bmG = base of medium Gephyrocapsa event; blG = base of large Gephyrocapsa event (sensu Raffi, 2002).
FIGURE 7. 1, 3-8 in Ambergris cololites of Pleistocene sperm whales from central Italy and description of the new ichnogenus and ichnospecies Ambergrisichnus alleronae
FIGURE 7. 1, 3-8. Transmitted light photomicrographs of petrographic thin sections of the Bargiano cololites. 1. Interior of cololite (structure n 12) showing a micropeloidal matrix crossed by long chains of pyrite microgranules. 2. Beggiatoa specimens, sulphur large bacteria, single free-living filament with sulphur inclusion. 3. Detail of fossil Beggiatoa-like filaments from structure n 12. 4. Subspherical, red-brownish micromasses of pyrite (or sulphur), surrounded by a grey "halo" that inglobates all. To note the micropeloidal matrix. This structure may be comparable with large Thioploca cells. 5-7. Benthic foraminifera, partially and/or totally filled by bacteria-induced microcrystals of pyrite. 8. Pyrite framboids from structure n. 12. 9-10. SEM images of cololite internal fragments.The both surfaces are fresh, no acid attack was made. 9. Rosette structures made of dolomite microcrystals, and scattered single spherical cells referable to bacteria. In the centre, mica crystals with typical shape. 10. Dolomite crystals with well-developed orthorhombic shape (at central right), sparse spherical cells of bacteria, and a quartz crystal. Dolomite crystals (left) are aggregated to form a compact mass. 11-13. Bacteria-induced pyritization (sun-like pyrite discs). 11. Stereomicrophotograph of a large pyrite disc (about 1.5 cm in diameter). 12. SEM image of disc surface (particular), showing a large amount of spherical cells, progressively smaller form center to periphery. This arrangement is associated to bacteria colonies. 13. Small pyrite disc, yellow/orange, with elliptical to dumb bell shaped bacteria bodies arranged in a short chain.
FIGURE 5. Squid beaks from structure n 8 in Ambergris cololites of Pleistocene sperm whales from central Italy and description of the new ichnogenus and ichnospecies Ambergrisichnus alleronae
FIGURE 5. Squid beaks from structure n 8 (Figure 2.2). Part of a lower beak (1) and longitudinal section of a beak (2), emerging from the rough surface of rock sample. 3-4. Microscopic features of squid beaks inside cololites (structure n 12, Figure 2.2). Crystals and framboids of pyrite (4), scattered into the micropeloidal matrix with dolomite microcrystals are also visible (1 and 4 are modified after Baldanza et al., 2013).
Figure 3. Hellbender sperm sampling. A in Zoo-based amphibian research and conservation breeding programs
Figure 3. Hellbender sperm sampling. A team led by Dale McGinnity, Nashville Zoo at Grassmere, Tennessee, USA, is creating the first genetically representative gene bank for any amphibian put forth using the hellbender (C. alleganiensis). Image by Sally Nofs.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Sperm morphology of 264 songbird species.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Sperm morphology of 264 songbird species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/051d8004-3568-4be9-852f-f6dc3413045c">https://bionomia.net/dataset/051d8004-3568-4be9-852f-f6dc3413045c</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/051d8004-3568-4be9-852f-f6dc3413045c">https://gbif.org/dataset/051d8004-3568-4be9-852f-f6dc3413045c</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 1 in Dependence of the sperm number on the adult age of the male black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus W ALKER (Insecta: Orthoptera)
Fig. 1: Shape and morphology of the spermatophore (total length: ca. 5 mm) separated from males of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus.
Fig. 2 in Dependence of the sperm number on the adult age of the male black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus W ALKER (Insecta: Orthoptera)
Fig. 2: Results of sperm quantification of male crickets belonging to different age categories: (a) Age-dependence of the percentage of filled/unfilled spermatophores (N = 80); (b) Age-dependence of the number of sperm per spermatophore (N = 80). The asterisk indicates a significant difference (p <0.05) between adjacent mean values.
Figure 15 in Killer sperm whale: a new basal physeteroid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Miocene of Italy
Figure 15. Hypothetical reconstruction of a Late Miocene marine scenario showing the killer sperm whale Zygophyseter attacking a kentriodontid (delphinoid). Painting by Giovanni Bianucci.
Figure 14 in Killer sperm whale: a new basal physeteroid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Miocene of Italy
Figure 14. Hypothetical reconstructions of Zygophyseter varolai gen. et sp. nov. A, head in lateral view with a parasagittal section of the nasal area based on Physeter macrocephalus (Heyning, 1989: 36); B, head in dorsal view with evidence for the circular supracranial basin of the skull; C, body in lateral view.
Figure 8 in Killer sperm whale: a new basal physeteroid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Miocene of Italy
Figure 8. Zygophyseter varolai gen. et sp. nov. Teeth of the holotype (MAUL 229/1). A, reconstruction of the original orientation of two isolated maxillary teeth; B, three mandibular teeth in place showing the gingival collar and the occlusal wear of the roots; C, D, two isolated maxillary teeth (arrows show the wear due to the opposite teeth).
Figure 9 in Killer sperm whale: a new basal physeteroid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Miocene of Italy
Figure 9. Zygophyseter varolai gen. et sp. nov. Mandible (A–E) and isolated upper teeth (F, G) of the holotype (MAUL 229/1). A, anterior view; B, ventral view of the anterior portion of the symphysis; C, dorsal view; D, lateral view; E, medial view of left posterior portion of right dentary; F, lateral or medial views; G, posterior views.
Figure 10 in Killer sperm whale: a new basal physeteroid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Miocene of Italy
Figure 10. Zygophyseter varolai gen. et sp. nov. Postcranial skeleton of the holotype (MAUL 229/1). A, atlas; B, D, thoracic vertebrae; E, lumbar vertebra; in (1) anterior, (2) dorsal and (3) lateral views; F–Q, right ribs in lateral view; R, left scapula in medial view.
Figure 6 in Killer sperm whale: a new basal physeteroid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Miocene of Italy
Figure 6. Zygophyseter varolai gen. et sp. nov. Left incomplete ear bones of the holotype (MAUL 229/1). A–F, periotic in (A) dorsal, (B) dorsomedial, (C, D) ventral, (E) medial and (F) anterior views. G, articulated periotic and tympanic bulla in lateral view; H–L, tympanic bulla in (H) dorsal, (J) ventral, (K) medial and (L) anterior views. D shows detail of the anterior process with the accessory ossicle not removed.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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