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469 results for “spruce”
From common gardens to candidate genes: Exploring local adaptation to climate in red spruce
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Difference in effect of pheromone for monitoring the European spruce bark beetle
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Stand inventory data (overstory and understory) in northern New Mexico forests affected by western spruce budworm (Choristoneura freemani Razowski) defoliation, 2012-2013
Stand Selection Stands were selected based on data provided by the United States Forest Service insect and disease aerial survey maps. The following criteria was used for stand selection: 1. At least 50% of pre-2000 species composition comprised of the same host tree; 2. No forest treatments within previous 20 years; and 3. Similar slope, aspect, vegetation association and elevation. Stands ranged from west-central New Mexico to north-central New Mexico. Sampling was completed in the summers of 2012 and 2013 in the Mount Taylor stands and the summer of 2013 for the remainder of the stands. Plots A randomized, systematic grid of ten clusters of two 0.02 ha plots were established using GIS software and exported to a handheld GPS. One plot of each cluster was located on the intersection of the grid (‘grid plots’) and the second located 50m at a random azimuth from the established grid plot (‘cluster plots’). This methodology was shown to improve sampling efficiency for stand characteristics pertaining to western spruce budworm within a set allowable error (Lynch 2003). Five 0.001 ha nested regeneration plots were also established (described below). Plot Characteristics Vegetation association was assessed using the Plant Associations of Arizona and New Mexico habitat typing guide. Canopy cover was recorded using a GRS densiometer in 1m increments on two 15.96 m transects bisecting plot center running north to south and east to west. Measurements will begin at 1m and extend to 15m totaling 15 measurements on the north to south transect. The east to west transect will exclude the measurement at 8m to avoid repeated measurements. Canopy cover was calculated by the number of canopy “hits” divided by the total number of measurements taken Overstory Measurements Species and diameter at breast height (DBH) was measured for all trees greater than 12.7 cm in diameter occurring in plot. DBH was considered to be 1.37 meters above ground. The height and canopy base height of each t
Height and diameter measurement of spruce in response to harvest: 1993 - 2002
To document possible soil nitrogen mosaics before timber harvesting on three Alaskan boreal forest sites, maps of the distribution of understory green and Sitka alder stems were made. Understory alders were regularly distributed throughout the northernmost site (Standard Creek), and very irregularly distributed at the southernmost site (Cooper Landing). There were no consistent relations between alder stem location and total soil nitrogen. In undisturbed forest, soils collected beneath alders tended to have more nitrogen than soils without alder, but after the sites were harvested, soil chemistry differed. To examine the interactions of alder (Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh and A. sitchensis (Reg.) Rydb.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) on secondary successional sites, mixed plantations of white spruce and alder were established after each site was harvested. Despite good survival, the planted alder grew poorly. There were no differences between nursery-grown alder seedlings and alder wildlings in either growth or survival. Though fifth-year survival and growth of white spruce were excellent on all sites, they were not related to either the pre-harvest distribution of naturally occurring alder or to alders planted in the mixed plantations. Locational information and site maps are provided to encourage future evaluation of these plantations.
Vegetation and plant community composition for 150 extensive mature black spruce sites in interior Alaska
Floristic composition, species lists, and sorted Braun-Blanquet table for 150 extensive sites across interior Alaska from the Brooks Range to the Alaska Range, along the Taylor Hwy, Alaska Hwy, Richardson Hwy, Steese Highway, Elliot Hwy, and Dalton Hwy. The abundances of every vascular and nonvascular species was estimated visually using the Braun-Blanquet cover estimate scale (see Kent and Coker 1992 for a description of method, or T.Hollingsworth CJFR manuscript
Point-center quarter method black spruce heights, diameter, and location for 150 mature black spruce sites in interior Alaska
This data set contains stand density measurements using the point-center quarter method at 150 extensive black spruce sites in interior Alaska collected in the summers of 2000, 2001, 2002 across the interior of Alaska along the Taylor highway, Alaska highway, Parks highway, Elliot highway, Steese highway, and Dalton highway.
Active layer depths: 150 mature black spruce sites in interior Alaska (2000-2003)
Maximum active layer depths at 150 extensive black spruce sites in interior Alaska collected in the summers of 2000, 2001, 2002 across the interior of Alaska along the Taylor highway, Alaska highway, Parks highway, Elliot highway, Steese highway, and Dalton highway.
Soil Respiration in Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest Floodplain Black Spruce Sites
Fine root processes play a prominent role in the carbon and nutrient cycling of boreal ecosystems due to the high proportion of biomass allocated belowground and the rapid decomposition of fine roots relative to aboveground tissues. To examine these issues in detail, major components of ecosystem carbon flux were studied in three mature black spruce forests in interior Alaska, where fine root production, respiration, mortality and decomposition, and aboveground production of trees, shrubs and mosses were measured relative to soil CO2 fluxes. Fine root production, measured over a 2-year period using minirhizotrons, varied from 0.004 ? 0.001 mm cm-2 d-1 over winter, to 0.051 ? 0.015 mm cm-2 d-1 during July, with peak growing season values comparable to those reported for many temperate forests using similar methods. On average, 84% of this production occurred within 20 cm of the moss surface, although the proportion occurring in deeper profiles increased as soils gradually warmed throughout the summer. Monthly rates of production and mortality were somewhat asynchronous because mortality tended to peak during fall and be minimal during periods of peak production. Production and mortality were, however, positively correlated across all tubes and time periods (r2 = 0.42, P < 0.0001). Annual fine root production averaged 2.45 ? 0.31, 8.01 ? 1.39, and 2.53 ? 0.27 mm cm-2 yr-1 among the three sites, when averaged across years. Fine root survival and decomposition were measured by tracking and analyzing the fate of individual fine roots using mark-recapture techniques. Fine root survival was greatest during periods of peak root growth, and least over winter (?time). Roots first appearing in the middle of the growing season had higher survival rates than those first appearing early or late in growing season, or over winter (?cohort), and risk of mortality decreased with root age (?age). Survival estimates translate to mean life spans of 108 ? 4 days during the growing season
Organic layer data from burned black spruce stands for the effects of variations in post-fire organic layer thickness studies in the Delta Junction region, 1995-2003
This database contains data on the total depth of the surface organic layer remaining after fire for the study plots used in an analysis of variations in the depths of surface organic layers found in burned and unburned black spruce stands, and the effects of variations in depth of burning on soil temperature and moisture, and organic layer carbon stocks. Data for the overall study were collected between 1995 and 2003 by Eric Kasischke (University of Maryland), Kathy O?Neill (Duke University), and Jill Johnstone (University of Alaska Fairbanks). Sites were located in burned black spruce stands within the perimeters of three recent fires (1987, 1994, and 1999), unburned black spruce stands adjacent to the burned stands, and within one black spruce stand that burned in 1956. The three fires were: (a) the 1987 Granite Creek fire located 15 km to the east of Delta Junction, Alaska USA, bordering the Alaska Highway on the North and Jarvis Creek on the south; the 1994 Hajdukovich Creek fire located 45 km southeast of Delta Junction Alaska, USA, bordering the Alaska Highway to the North and the Gerstle River to the West, and the 1999 Donnelly Flats fire, located 8 km south of Delta Junction, bordering Jarvis Creek to the east and the Richardson Highway on the west. Data that were collected and are in databases associated with this project include: (1) organic layer depths in burned stands; (2) organic layer depths in unburned stands; (3) basal diameters of overstory trees in unburned stands and distance measures that can be used to estimate stand density; (4) mineral soil temperature and moisture data in burned stands; (5) mineral soil temperature and moisture data in unburned stands; and (6) bulk density and percent carbon data from different organic layers in unburned stands.
Data to estimate stand density and average basal diameter from unburned black spruce stands used in the effects of variations in post-fire organic layer thickness studies in the Delta Junction region, 1995-2003
This database contains data on basal diameter and distances from a center point to the trees sampled, which is used to estimate stand density in unburned black spruce plots used in an analysis of variations in the depths of surface organic layers found in burned and unburned black spruce stands, and the effects of variations in depth of burning on soil temperature and moisture, and organic layer carbon stocks. Data for the overall study were collected between 1995 and 2003 by Eric Kasischke (University of Maryland), Kathy O?Neill (Duke University), and Jill Johnstone (University of Alaska Fairbanks). Sites were located in burned black spruce stands within the perimeters of three recent fires (1987, 1994, and 1999), unburned black spruce stands adjacent to the burned stands, and within one black spruce stand that burned in 1956. The three fires were: (a) the 1987 Granite Creek fire located 15 km to the east of Delta Junction, Alaska USA, bordering the Alaska Highway on the North and Jarvis Creek on the south; the 1994 Hajdukovich Creek fire located 45 km southeast of Delta Junction Alaska, USA, bordering the Alaska Highway to the North and the Gerstle River to the West, and the 1999 Donnelly Flats fire, located 8 km south of Delta Junction, bordering Jarvis Creek to the east and the Richardson Highway on the west. Data that were collected and are in databases associated with this project include: (1) organic layer depths in burned stands; (2) organic layer depths in unburned stands; (3) basal diameters of overstory trees in unburned stands and distance measures that can be used to estimate stand density; (4) mineral soil temperature and moisture data in burned stands; (5) mineral soil temperature and moisture data in unburned stands; and (6) bulk density and percent carbon data from different organic layers in unburned stands.
Organic layer data from unburned black spruce stands used in the effects of variations in post-fire organic layer thickness studies in the Delta Junction region, 1995-2003
This database contains data on the total depth of the surface organic layer for the unburned black spruce plots used in an analysis of variations in the depths of surface organic layers found in burned and unburned black spruce stands, and the effects of variations in depth of burning on soil temperature and moisture, and organic layer carbon stocks. Data for the overall study were collected between 1995 and 2003 by Eric Kasischke (University of Maryland), Kathy O?Neill (Duke University), and Jill Johnstone (University of Alaska Fairbanks). Sites were located in burned black spruce stands within the perimeters of three recent fires (1987, 1994, and 1999), unburned black spruce stands adjacent to the burned stands, and within one black spruce stand that burned in 1956. The three fires were: (a) the 1987 Granite Creek fire located 15 km to the east of Delta Junction, Alaska USA, bordering the Alaska Highway on the North and Jarvis Creek on the south; the 1994 Hajdukovich Creek fire located 45 km southeast of Delta Junction Alaska, USA, bordering the Alaska Highway to the North and the Gerstle River to the West, and the 1999 Donnelly Flats fire, located 8 km south of Delta Junction, bordering Jarvis Creek to the east and the Richardson Highway on the west. Data that were collected and are in databases associated with this project include: (1) latitude and longitude of all study sites; (2) organic layer depths in burned stands; (3) organic layer depths in unburned stands; (4) basal diameters of overstory trees in unburned stands and distance measures that can be used to estimate stand density; (5) mineral soil temperature and moisture data in burned stands; (6) mineral soil temperature and moisture data in unburned stands; and (7) bulk density and percent carbon data from different organic layers in unburned stands.
Bulk density and percent carbon from surface organic layers in unburned black spruce stands used in the effects of variations in post-fire organic layer thickness studies in the Delta Junction region, 1995-2003
This database contains data on bulk density and percent carbon from surface organic layers in two unburned black spruce stands adjacent to the 1994 burn in the Delta Junction region. These data were used in an analysis of variations in the depths of surface organic layers found in burned and unburned black spruce stands, and the effects of variations in depth of burning on soil temperature and moisture, and organic layer carbon stocks. Data for the overall study were collected between 1995 and 2003 by Eric Kasischke (University of Maryland), Kathy O?Neill (Duke University), and Jill Johnstone (University of Alaska Fairbanks). Sites were located in burned black spruce stands within the perimeters of three recent fires (1987, 1994, and 1999), unburned black spruce stands adjacent to the burned stands, and within one black spruce stand that burned in 1956. The three fires were: (a) the 1987 Granite Creek fire located 15 km to the east of Delta Junction, Alaska USA, bordering the Alaska Highway on the North and Jarvis Creek on the south; the 1994 Hajdukovich Creek fire located 45 km southeast of Delta Junction Alaska, USA, bordering the Alaska Highway to the North and the Gerstle River to the West, and the 1999 Donnelly Flats fire, located 8 km south of Delta Junction, bordering Jarvis Creek to the east and the Richardson Highway on the west. Data that were collected and are in databases associated with this project include: (1) organic layer depths in burned stands; (2) organic layer depths in unburned stands; (3) basal diameters of overstory trees in unburned stands and distance measures that can be used to estimate stand density; (4) mineral soil temperature and moisture data in burned stands; (5) mineral soil temperature and moisture data in unburned stands; and (6) bulk density and percent carbon data from different organic layers in unburned stands.
Black spruce allometric measurements: 2000 - 2001
Forty black spruce (Picea mariana) individuals were measured and harvested across four sites in Interior Alaska during 2000-2001. This dataset was created to develop site-specific allometric equations for black spruce.
Soil nitrogen and carbon from organic and mineral soil of 32 mature black spruce sites across interior Alaska (Sampled 2001)
Soil nitrogen and carbon was collected at 33 sites as part of a bigger study looking at the structure and function of black spruce stands in interior Alaska. These variables can be compared to any of the environmental site descriptions, GPS coordinates, soil characteristics, physical site characteristics, stand and structural characteristics, active layer, collected in the summers of 2000, 2001 for these sites
Black spruce seed counts from seed rain traps in the 2004 burns off the Steese, Taylor, and Dalton Highways, collected in 2005-2007.
This dataset contains seed counts of black spruce seed rain collected in traps at 39 intensive study sites within the 2004 burns of interior Alaska. Data are presented as raw data from trap collections at each site. All sites were in communities dominated by black spruce before burning, and were located 100 to 600 m from the road, beyond the range of any visible road effects and away from any signs of other human disturbance.
Black spruce seed viability from seed rain traps in the 2004 burns off the Steese, Taylor, and Dalton Highways, collected in 2005-2007.
This dataset contains viability estimates of black spruce seed collected in traps at 39 intensive study sites within the 2004 burns of interior Alaska. Data are presented as raw data from trap collections at each site. All sites were in communities dominated by black spruce before burning, and were located 100 to 600 m from the road, beyond the range of any visible road effects and away from any signs of other human disturbance.
Soil DOC and moisture measurements along climate and black spruce productivity gradients in interior Alaska
Water-soluble organic carbon data extracted from organic and mineral soils along gradients in stand productivity and soil temperature throughout 2004. 200g of organic soil or 400g of mineral (5 cm) soil were used. Values should be corrected for oven dry moisture percent of soil (also included in data set). Nine soil cores were obtained randomly on a 20 x 20 m sampling grid at each site in May, June-July, and again in September 2004. Cores were parsed in the field into organic (Oi+Oe+Oa) and mineral soil (5 cm, A+B). All cores were immediately sealed in polyethylene bags and were kept on ice in an insulated cooler while being transported to laboratory refrigerators kept at approximately 4 degC. All organic soil samples were extracted for WSOC content within 24 hours, and mineral soils were extracted within 48 hours. Water-soluble organic C concentrations from subsets of mineral soils extracted 24 and 48 hours after collection did not significantly differ (p = 0.30, 5.3 mg C l-1). The method for extracting WSOC from the soil followed Huang and Schoenau (1996), which was modified from McGill et al. (1986). Briefly, field moist soil samples were homogenized on a tray and roots greater then 2 mm were removed. Then 20 g of organic soil or 40 g of mineral soil were gently shaken on a rotary table with 100 ml (n = 9 per horizon per date) of deionized water for 1 hour, filtered through a Whatman GF/A filter, and then passed through a Whatman 0.45 um membrane filter. Soil extracts were preserved at pH 2 using H3PO4 and refrigerated at 4 degC prior to analysis. Each field moist soil sample was subsampled to determine moisture content (gravimetrically) and WSOC was adjusted to an oven-dry basis. Bulk density and depth measurements for each soil horizon were used to relate mg WSOC kg oven dry soil-1 on an area basis at each site (g WSOC m-2). Three zero-tension lysimeters (85 x 19 cm) were installed perpendicular to slope at the organic-mineral soil interface at the end of the g
Soil respiration measurements along climate and black spruce productivity gradients in interior Alaska
Soil respiration measurements were made using an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA; EGM-4 gas analyzer, PP Systems, Haverhill, MA) with a dynamic soil respiration chamber (SRC-2, PP Systems). Respiration collars (18) were randomly located on three 20 x 20 m sampling grids (separate from WSOC collection) at each site. The respiration collars (10.2 cm diameter schedule 40 polyvinyl chloride) were inserted to a depth of 2.5 cm at least 1 week prior to initial measurements and were left in place for the duration of the experiment. Care was taken to ensure that the collars remained at the same depth throughout the measurement period. All vascular plants were removed from the collars prior to measuring. Measurements were made approximately bi-weekly at each site, from May through September in 2004 (n = 5 or 6). A portable thermometer was used to measure soil temperature at 10 cm below the surface concurrently with soil respiration measured at each collar. Changes in collar-specific air volumes (caused by changes in microtopography and the presence of moss) were measured directly through use of the ideal gas law by injecting 25 cm-3 of 3500 mg m-3 CO2 into the soil respiration chamber and measuring the subsequent dilution of CO2 concentration with the IRGA. All flux values have been adjusted for these collar specific volumes.
Organic layer thickness measurements from burned and unburned black spruce forests in Alaska collected between 1994 and 2012
This dataset contains organic layer thickness measurements collected in mature burned and unburned black spruce stands located throughout interior Alaska. These data were collected as part of a number of studies between 1994 and 2012 in order to quantify variations in organic layer thickness and estimate organic layer carbon in burned and unburned black spruce stands. Data were collected in sites located on a number of topographic positions, and collected in sites that burned during different time periods during the fire season. Measurements that were collected at most sites included either the total thickness of the surface organic layer, or the thickness of individual layers within the organic layer. These layers include: moss (including green and brown), fibric soil, mesic soil, humic soil, and char. Beginning in 2005, data on the height of adventitious roots above mineral soil were collected and used to estimate the pre-burn organic layer thickness.
Fungal community structure associated with experimentally outplanted white spruce seedlings and the closest Salix and Betula nana shrubs, Toolik Lake, AK.
This dataset contains characterizations of fungal community structure associated with experimentally outplanted seedlings and adjacent naturally established resprouting shrubs.
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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