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Figure 10 in Zenkevitchiidae fam. nov. (Crustacea: Gammaroidea), with description of new subterranean amphipods from extremely deep cave habitats

Figure 10. Kruberia relicta sp. nov., holotype X45485/Cr-1829-FEFU, female, 28.0 mm: (a) gnathopod I; (b) gnathopod II. Scale bar = 0.4 mm.

Figure 7 in Zenkevitchiidae fam. nov. (Crustacea: Gammaroidea), with description of new subterranean amphipods from extremely deep cave habitats

Figure 7. Adaugammarus kasiani sp. nov., holotype X47640/Cr-2236-FEFU, male, 17.0 mm: (a) pereopod III; (b) pereopod IV; (c) pereopod V; (d) pereopod VI; (e) pereopod VII. Scale bar = 0.4 mm.

Figure 8 in Zenkevitchiidae fam. nov. (Crustacea: Gammaroidea), with description of new subterranean amphipods from extremely deep cave habitats

Figure 8. Adaugammarus kasiani sp. nov., holotype X47640/Cr-2236-FEFU, male, 17.0 mm: (a) epimeral plates I–III; (b) pleopod I; (c) uropod I; (d) uropod II; (e) uropod III; (f) telson; (g) second segment of urosome, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

Figure 5 in Zenkevitchiidae fam. nov. (Crustacea: Gammaroidea), with description of new subterranean amphipods from extremely deep cave habitats

Figure 5. Adaugammarus kasiani sp. nov., holotype X47640/Cr-2236-FEFU, male, 17.0 mm: (a) antenna I; (b) antenna II; (c) left mandible; (d) right mandible; (e) third segment of palp, ventral view; (f) maxilla II; (g) maxilla I; (h) palp of left maxilla I; (i) upper lip; (j) lower lip; (k) maxilliped. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Figure 3 in Zenkevitchiidae fam. nov. (Crustacea: Gammaroidea), with description of new subterranean amphipods from extremely deep cave habitats

Figure 3. Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree of 'Gammaridae sensu lato' based on nuclear sequences for partial LSU-rDNA shows paraphyly of the Typhlogammaridae. New sequences for this study are indicated in bold type. Nodal numbers are posterior probability values and bootstrap statistics (%) determined by BI/ML. The scale bar shows the number of substitutions per site, and branches in bold denote nodes that are positively supported by both methods; see Material and methods for additional details.

Figure 6 in Zenkevitchiidae fam. nov. (Crustacea: Gammaroidea), with description of new subterranean amphipods from extremely deep cave habitats

Figure 6. Adaugammarus kasiani sp. nov., holotype X47640/Cr-2236-FEFU, male, 17.0 mm: (a) gnathopod I; (b) gnathopod II. Scale bar = 0.4 mm.

Figure 1 in Zenkevitchiidae fam. nov. (Crustacea: Gammaroidea), with description of new subterranean amphipods from extremely deep cave habitats

Figure 1. Map showing the position of sampling sites and distribution of 'typhlogammarid' species in Dinaric and Caucasus regions. Adapted from Sidorov (2016).

Figure 4 in Zenkevitchiidae fam. nov. (Crustacea: Gammaroidea), with description of new subterranean amphipods from extremely deep cave habitats

Figure 4. Habitus of examined specimens: (a) Adaugammarus kasiani sp. nov., holotype X47640/Cr-2236- FEFU, male, 17.0 mm; (b) Kruberia relicta sp. nov., holotype X45485/Cr-1829-FEFU, female, 28.0 mm.

Figure 3 in Temperature variation and the presence of troglobionts in terrestrial shallow subterranean habitats

Figure 3. Top panel, temperature profiles at hourly intervals for the La Guancha, 70 cm MSS site (black line) and Cueva del Mulo (grey line). Centre panel, spectral densities (y-axis) for different cycle periods (x-axis) for cycles up to 100 days for the MSS site. Note the absence of a 24 hour period even at very low spectral densities. Bottom panel, spectral densities (y-axis) for different cycle periods (x-axis) for cycles up to 100 days for the cave sites. Note the weak 24 hour period.

Figure 5 in Temperature variation and the presence of troglobionts in terrestrial shallow subterranean habitats

Figure 5. Top panel, temperature profiles at hourly intervals for an MSS (dark grey line), epikarst (black line) and cave (grey line) site in the doline where the entrance of Jama v Kovačiji is located. Upper centre panel, spectral densities (y-axis) for different cycle periods (x-axis) for cycles up to 100 days for the MSS site. Note the strong 24 hour period. Lower centre panel, spectral densities (y-axis) for different cycle periods (x-axis) for cycles up to 100 days for the epikarst site. Note the weak 24 hour period. Lower panel, spectral densities (y-axis) for different cycle periods (x-axis) for cycles up to 100 days for the cave site. Note the weak 24 hour period.

Figure 2 in Temperature variation and the presence of troglobionts in terrestrial shallow subterranean habitats

Figure 2. Top panel, temperature profiles at hourly intervals for an MSS site (black line) and nearby surface site (grey line) in a laurel forest in Teno in northwest Tenerife, Canary Islands (see Figure 1). Centre panel, spectral densities (y-axis) for different cycle periods (x-axis) for cycles up to 100 days for the surface site. Note the strong period at 24 hours. Bottom panel, spectral densities (y-axis) for different cycle periods (x-axis) for cycles up to 100 days for the MSS site. Note the absence of a 24 hour period even at very low spectral densities.

Figure 1 in Temperature variation and the presence of troglobionts in terrestrial shallow subterranean habitats

Figure 1. (A) Photographs of Teno MSS site on Tenerife in old volcanic rock. Note the stabilization of the habitat by moss on the surface. Photographs were taken at a road cut. The actual site was about 2 m from the cut. (B) Photograph of La Guancha clinker MSS site on Tenerife in volcanic rock. Structure of the rocks developed at the time of deposition of the lava. (C) Photograph of MSS site at Mašun, Slovenia in flysch. Note the similarity to the MSS site shown in panel A even though the rock is different. This site also has a moss layer stabilizing the habitat. (D) Photograph of MSS site at Jama v Kovačiji. Compared to other MSS sites, this had more dirt infilling.

Figure 4 in Temperature variation and the presence of troglobionts in terrestrial shallow subterranean habitats

Figure 4. Top panel, temperature profiles at hourly intervals for an MSS site at Mašun, Slovenia (see Figure 1), at depths of 20 cm (dark grey line), 50 cm (black line) and 80 cm (grey line). Upper centre panel, spectral densities (y-axis) for different cycle periods (x-axis) for cycles up to 100 days for the upper MSS site. Note the strong 24 hour period. Lower centre panel, spectral densities (y-axis) for different cycle periods (x-axis) for cycles up to 100 days for the intermediate MSS site. Note the weak 24 hour period. Lower panel, spectral densities (y-axis) for different cycle periods (x-axis) for cycles up to 100 days for the deep MSS site. Note the absence of any 24 hour period, even at low spectral densities.

Supplementary material 4 from: Eusébio RP, Fonseca PE, Rebelo R, Mathias ML, Reboleira ASPS (2023) How to map potential mesovoid shallow substratum (MSS) habitats? A case study in colluvial MSS. Subterranean Biology 45: 141-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.45.96332

Abundance of invertebrates collected in colluvial Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS) at the Arrábida National Park

Supplementary material 3 from: Eusébio RP, Fonseca PE, Rebelo R, Mathias ML, Reboleira ASPS (2023) How to map potential mesovoid shallow substratum (MSS) habitats? A case study in colluvial MSS. Subterranean Biology 45: 141-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.45.96332

Results of criteria met for each location pinpointed as potential colluvial Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS)

Supplementary material 1 from: Eusébio RP, Fonseca PE, Rebelo R, Mathias ML, Reboleira ASPS (2023) How to map potential mesovoid shallow substratum (MSS) habitats? A case study in colluvial MSS. Subterranean Biology 45: 141-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.45.96332

Characterization of each of the locations found in situ as colluvial Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS): latitude, longitude and estimated area (m2)

Supplementary material 5 from: Eusébio RP, Fonseca PE, Rebelo R, Mathias ML, Reboleira ASPS (2023) How to map potential mesovoid shallow substratum (MSS) habitats? A case study in colluvial MSS. Subterranean Biology 45: 141-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.45.96332

Total invertebrate abundance, collected in colluvial Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS) at the Arrábida National Park