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156 results for “troposphere”
OMI/Aura NO2 Tropospheric, Stratospheric & Total Columns MINDS Daily L2 Global Gridded 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree V1.1 (OMI_MINDS_NO2G) at GES DISC
As part of the NASA's Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, this project entitled “Multi-Decadal Nitrogen Dioxide and Derived Products from Satellites (MINDS)” will develop consistent long-term global trend-quality data records spanning the last two decades, over which remarkable changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions have occurred. The objective of the project Is to adapt Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) operational algorithms to other satellite instruments and create consistent multi-satellite L2 and L3 nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns and value-added L4 surface NO2 concentrations and NOx emissions data products, systematically accounting for instrumental differences. The instruments include Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME, 1996-2011), SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY, 2002-2012), OMI (2004-present), GOME-2 (2007-present), and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI, 2018-present). The quality assured L2-L4 products will be made available to the scientific community via the NASA GES DISC website in Climate and Forecast (CF)-compliant Hierarchical Data Format (HDF5) and netCDF formats.
Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) Data Obtained During the Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX)
The Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX) data set was collected over the Western Atlantic Ocean in July 1996. The overall goal of TARFOX was to reduce uncertainties in the effects of aerosols on climate by determining the direct radiative impacts, as well as the chemical, physical, and optical properties, of the aerosols carried over the western Atlantic Ocean from the United States. LASE is an airborne autonomous DIAL system which produces measurements of aerosols and water vapor vertical profiles from the aircraft altitude down to the surface. Such profiles show the vertical context in which the TARFOX in situ and radiometric measurements are made, thus supporting the vertical extension of the in situ measurements and detecting any unsampled layers or inhomogeneities, which would impact the airborne and satellite radiative flux measurements. Note that the LASE_TARFOX data set is also available under the TARFOX project as the TARFOX_LASE data set. The data files included in these two data sets are identical.
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Tropospheric Ozone Column V1 (S5P_L2__O3_TCL) at GES DISC
Starting from July 13th in 2020, five Sentinel-5P TROPOMI level-2 products including total and tropospheric column ozone, sulfur dioxide, CLOUD, and formaldehyde have been generated in processor version 2.For data after July 2nd of 2020, please check S5P_L2__O3_TCL_2 data collection.The Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P or S5P) satellite mission is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family - Sentinels, and it is a joint initiative between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the ESA. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS, 270nm to 495nm), near infrared (NIR, 675nm to 775nm), and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 2305nm-2385nm). Sentinel-5P is the first of the Atmospheric Composition Sentinels and is expected to provide measurements of ozone, NO2, SO2, CH4, CO, formaldehyde, aerosols and cloud at high spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions.Copernicus Sentinel-5P tropospheric ozone data products are retrieved by the convective-cloud-differential (CCD) algorithm to derive the tropospheric ozone columns and by the cloud slicing algorithm (CSA) to derive mean upper tropospheric ozone volume mixing ratios above the clouds. The S5P_TROPOZ_CCD algorithm uses TROPOMI Level-2 ozone column measurements and the cloud parameters provided by the S5P_CLOUD_OCRA and S5P_CLOUD_ROCINN, the average values of the tropospheric ozone columns below 270 hpa can be determined. The S5P_TROPOZ_CSA algorithm uses the correlation between could top pressure and the ozone column above the cloud. The retrieval depends on the amount of measurements with a high cloud cover. The products are restricted in the tropical region (-20 degrees to 20 degrees of latitude).The main outputs of the Copernicus S5P/TROPOMI tropospheric ozone product include the tropospheric ozone column and corresponding errors, upper tropospheric ozone and corresponding errors, stratospheric ozone column and corresponding errors, and the retrieval quality flags. The data are stored in an enhanced netCDF-4 format.
OMI/Aura Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Total and Tropospheric Column 1-orbit L2 Swath 13x24 km V004 (OMNO2) at GES DISC
The Collection 4, Version 5.0, Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Standard Product (OMNO2) is now available from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. The major V5.0 updates include the use of: (1) improved Collection 4 Level-1B radiance and irradiance data in the retrieval of NO2 and O2-O2 slant columns; (2) a-priori NO2 profiles and other model-derived information from a high-resolution (~25 km) Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) simulation; (3) a new algorithm for improved de-striping and data flagging to correct for cross-track artifacts and row-anomaly; (4) updated geometry dependent surface Lambertian Equivalent Reflectivity (GLER) and consistently-retrieved O2-O2 cloud products; and (5) improved snow/ice database and treatment in the GLER, cloud, and NO2 algorithms. The details can be found in the updated OMNO2 readme document (see Documentation). The OMNO2 product contains NO2 slant column density (SCD), total NO2 vertical column density (VCD), the stratospheric and tropospheric VCDs, air mass factors (AMFs), scattering weights for AMF calculation, and other ancillary data used in the OMNO2 algorithm.The OMI NO2 files are stored in version 5 EOS Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS5). The short name for the Level-2 swath type column NO2 products is OMNO2. Each Level-2 file contains data from the day lit portion of an orbit (~53 minutes). There are approximately 14 orbits per day. The maximum file size for the OMNO2 is ~21 MB. Other OMNO2-associated NO2 products include the Level-2 gridded column product, OMNO2G, and the Level-3 gridded column product, OMNO2d.
OMI/Aura Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Total and Tropospheric Column 1-orbit L2 Swath 13x24 km V003 (OMNO2) at GES DISC
The Version 4.0 Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Standard Product (OMNO2) is now available from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. The major V4.0 updates include: (1) use of a new daily and OMI field of view specific geometry dependent surface Lambertian Equivalent Reflectivity (GLER) product in both NO2 and cloud retrievals; (2) use of improved cloud parameters (effective cloud fraction and cloud optical centroid pressure) from a new cloud algorithm (OMCDO2N) that are retrieved consistently with NO2 using a new algorithm for O2-O2 slant column data and the GLER product for terrain reflectivity; (3) use of a more accurate terrain pressure calculated using OMI ground pixel-averaged terrain height and monthly mean GMI terrain pressure; and (4) improved treatment over snow/ice surfaces by using the concept of scene LER and scene pressure. The details can be found in the updated OMNO2 readme document (see Documentation). The OMNO2 product contains slant column NO2 (total amount along the average optical path from the sun into the atmosphere, and then toward the satellite), the total NO2 vertical column density (VCD), the stratospheric and tropospheric VCDs, air mass factors (AMFs), scattering weights for calculation of AMFs, and other ancillary data. The short name for the Level-2 swath type column NO2 products is OMNO2. Other OMNO2-associated NO2 products include the Level-2 gridded column product, OMNO2G, and the Level-3 gridded column product, OMNO2d.The OMNO2 files are stored in version 5 EOS Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS5). Each Level-2 file contains data from the day lit portion of an orbit (~53 minutes). There are approximately 14 orbits per day. The maximum file size for the OMNO2 is ~24 MB.
OMI/Aura NO2 Tropospheric, Stratospheric & Total Columns MINDS 1-Orbit L2 Swath 13 km x 24 km V1.1 (OMI_MINDS_NO2) at GES DISC
As part of the NASA's Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, this project entitled “Multi-Decadal Nitrogen Dioxide and Derived Products from Satellites (MINDS)” will develop consistent long-term global trend-quality data records spanning the last two decades, over which remarkable changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions have occurred. The objective of the project Is to adapt Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) operational algorithms to other satellite instruments and create consistent multi-satellite L2 and L3 nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns and value-added L4 surface NO2 concentrations and NOx emissions data products, systematically accounting for instrumental differences. The instruments include Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME, 1996-2011), SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY, 2002-2012), OMI (2004-present), GOME-2 (2007-present), and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI, 2018-present). The quality assured L2-L4 products will be made available to the scientific community via the NASA GES DISC website in Climate and Forecast (CF)-compliant Hierarchical Data Format (HDF5) and netCDF formats.
CAR TARFOX Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment L1 V1 (CAR_TARFOX_L1C) at GES DISC
CAR TARFOX mission collected data in the western Atlantic Ocean on the effects of tropospheric aerosols on radiation budgets in cloud free skies. The mission also measured the chemical, physical, and optical properties of aerosols.
DSCOVR EPIC Level 4 Tropospheric Ozone
EPIC Tropospheric Ozone Data ProductThe Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) on the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft provides measurements of Earth-reflected radiances from the entire sunlit portion of the Earth. The measurements from four EPIC UV (Ultraviolet) channels reconstruct global distributions of total ozone. The tropospheric ozone columns (TCO) are then derived by subtracting independently measured stratospheric ozone columns from the EPIC total ozone. TCO data product files report gridded synoptic maps of TCO measured over the sunlit portion of the Earth disk on a 1-2 hour basis. Sampling times for these hourly TCO data files are the same as for the EPIC L2 total ozone product. Version 1.0 of the TCO product is based on Version 3 of the EPIC L1 product and the Version 3 Total Ozone Column Product. The stratospheric columns were derived from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) ozone fields (Gelaro et al., 2017).In contrast to the EPIC total ozone maps that are reported at a high spatial resolution of 18 × 18 km2 near the center of the image, the TCO maps are spatially averaged over several EPIC pixels and written on a regular spatial grid (1° latitude x 1° longitude). Kramarova et al. (2021) describe the EPIC TCO product and its evaluation against independent sonde and satellite measurements. Table 1 lists all of the variables included in the TCO product files. Ozone arrays in the product files are integrated vertical columns in Dobson Units (DU; 1 DU = 2.69×1020 molecules m-2).Filename ConventionThe TCO product files are formatted HDF5 and represent a Level-4 (L4) product. The filenames have the following naming convention:”DSCOVR_EPIC_L4_TrO3_01_YYYYMMDDHHMMSS_03.h5” Where “TrO3” means tropospheric column ozone, “01” means that this is version 01 for this product, “YYYYMMDDHHMMSS” is the UTC measurement time with “YYYY” for year (2015-present), “MM” for month (01-12), “DD” for day of the month (1-31), and “HHMMSS” denotes hours-minutes-seconds, and “03” signifies that v3 L1b measurements were used to derive the EPIC total ozone and consequently TCO.Column Weighting Function AdjustmentThere are two TCO gridded arrays in each hourly data file for the user to choose from; one is denoted TroposphericColumnOzone, and the other is TroposphericColumnOzoneAdjusted. The latter TCO array includes an adjustment to correct for reduced sensitivity of the EPIC UV measurements in detecting ozone in the low troposphere/boundary layer. The adjustment depended on latitude and season and was derived using simulated tropospheric ozone from the GEOS-Replay model (Strode et al. 2020) constrained by the MERRA-2 meteorology through the replay method. Our analysis (Kramarova et al., 2021) indicated that the adjusted TCO array is more accurate and precise. Flagging Bad DataKramarova et al. (2021) note that the preferred EPIC total ozone measurements used for scientific study are those where the L2 “AlgorithmFlag” parameter equals 1, 101, or 111. In this TCO product, we have included only L2 total ozone pixels with these algorithm flag values. The TCO product files provide a gridded version of the AlgorithmFlag parameter as a comparison reference. Still, it is not needed by the user for applying data quality filtering.Another parameter in the EPIC L2 total ozone files for filtering questionable data is the “ErrorFlag.” The TCO product files include a gridded version of this ErrorFlag parameter that the user should apply. Only TCO-gridded pixels with an ErrorFlag value of zero should be used.TCO measurements at high satellite-look angles and/or high solar zenith angles should also be filtered out for analysis. The TCO files include a gridded version of the satellite look angle and the solar zenith angle denoted as “SatelliteLookAngle” and “SolarZenithAngle,” respectively. For scientific applications, users should filter TCO array data and use only pixels with SatelliteLookAngle and SolarZenithAngle < 70° to avoid retrieval errors near the Earth view edge. In summary, filtering the TCO arrays is optional, but for scientific analysis, we recommend applying the following two filters: (1) filter out all gridded pixels where ErrorFlag ≠ 0; (2) filter out all pixels where SatelliteLookAngle or SolarZenithAngle > 70°.Summary of the Derivation of the tropospheric column ozone productWe briefly summarize the derivation of EPIC TCO, stratospheric column ozone, and tropopause pressure. An independent measure of the stratospheric column ozone is needed to derive EPIC TCO. We use MERRA-2 ozone fields (Gelaro et al., 2017) to derive stratospheric ozone columns subtracted from EPIC total ozone (TOZ) to obtain TCO. The MERRA-2 data assimilation system ingests Aura OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) v8.5 total ozone and MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) v4.2 stratospheric ozone profiles to produce global synoptic maps of profile ozone from the surface to the top of the a
SWOT Level 2 Radiometer Brightness Temperatures and Troposphere Operational Data Product
The SWOT Level 2 Radiometer Brightness Temperatures and Troposphere Operational Geophysical Data Record (OGDR) Version 1.0 dataset produced by the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides atmospheric water vapor and liquid water content from the Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR), a Jason-class radiometer that measures sea surface brightness temperatures at three microwave frequencies (18.7, 23.8 and 34 GHz). Brightness temperatures are processed to estimate the wet troposphere content, atmospheric attenuation to backscatter, cloud liquid water, water vapor content, and wind speed coincident with each range measurement from the nadir altimeter and applied to correct for altimeter range delays caused by atmospheric effects. SWOT is a joint mission between NASA and CNES that launched on December 16, 2022 and aims to measure ocean surface topography with unprecedented resolution and accuracy, as well as map inland water bodies globally.The operational radiometer dataset consists of discrete measurements along two tracks located approximately 30-km to the left and right of the satellite nadir. They were processed using the onboard DORIS orbit ephemeris and preliminary calibrations. They are distributed as one file per data downlink in netCDF-4 file format with a nominal latency of < 7 hours.
AIRS/Aqua L3 Monthly CO2 in the free troposphere (AIRS-only) 2.5 degrees x 2 degrees V005 (AIRS3C2M) at GES DISC
The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is a grating spectrometer (R = 1200) aboard the second Earth Observing System (EOS) polar-orbiting platform, EOS Aqua. In combination with the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) and the Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB), AIRS constitutes an innovative atmospheric sounding group of visible, infrared, and microwave sensors. This product is the AIRS mid-tropospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Level 3 Monthly Gridded Retrieval, from the AIRS instrument on board of Aqua satellite. It is a monthly gridded data, at 2.5x2 deg (lon)x(lat) grid cell size. The data is in mole fraction units (data x 10^6 =ppm in volume). This quantity is not a total column quantity because the sensitivity function of the AIRS mid-tropospheric CO2 retrieval system peaks over the altitude range 6-10 km. The quantity is what results when the true atmospheric CO2 profile is weighted, level-by-level, by the AIRS sensitivity function. The file format is HDF-EOS 2.12 corresponding to HDF4. This AIRS mid-tropospheric CO2 Level 3 Monthly Gridded Retrieval Product contains standard retrieval means, standard deviations and input counts as well as the latitude and longitude arrays giving the centers of the grid boxes. Each file covers a calendar month. The mean values are simply the arithmetic means of the individual CO2 retrievals which fall within that grid box over the month. The mid-tropospheric CO2 retrievals have been averaged and binned into 2.5 degree longitude x 2 degree latitude grid cells, from -180.0 to +180.0 deg longitude and from -60.0 to +90.0 deg latitude. For each grid map of 4-byte floating-point mean values there is a corresponding 4-byte floating-point map of standard deviation and a 2-byte integer grid map of counts. The counts map provides the user with the number of points per bin that were included in the mean.
TROPOMI/S5P NO2 Tropospheric, Stratospheric and Total Columns MINDS 1-Orbit L2 Swath 5.5 km x 3.5 km V1.1 (TROPOMI_MINDS_NO2) at GES DISC
As part of the NASA's Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, this project entitled “Multi-Decadal Nitrogen Dioxide and Derived Products from Satellites (MINDS)” will develop consistent long-term global trend-quality data records spanning the last two decades, over which remarkable changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions have occurred. The objective of the project Is to adapt Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) operational algorithms to other satellite instruments and create consistent multi-satellite L2 and L3 nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns and value-added L4 surface NO2 concentrations and NOx emissions data products, systematically accounting for instrumental differences. The instruments include Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME, 1996-2011), SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY, 2002-2012), OMI (2004-present), GOME-2 (2007-present), and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI, 2018-present). The quality assured L2-L4 products will be made available to the scientific community via the NASA GES DISC website in Climate and Forecast (CF)-compliant Hierarchical Data Format (HDF5) and netCDF formats.
SAFARI 2000 TOMS Tropospheric Ozone Data, Southern Africa Subset, Dry Season 2000
Tropical Tropospheric Ozone (TTO) data from Earth Probe (EP) Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) for the period of August 8-September 29, 2000 were processed and provided by the Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch at NASA/GSFC for the SAFARI 2000 Dry Season Aircraft Campaign.The TTO measurement is derived from TOMS total ozone (Thompson and Hudson, 1999; Thompson et al., 2001) using the modified-residual method to separate stratospheric ozone from tropospheric ozone. The tropospheric ozone column thickness is reported in Dobson Units (DU).EP TOMS is currently the only NASA spacecraft on orbit specializing in ozone retrieval. EP TOMS was launched in 1996 into an orbit 500 km rather than the 950 km that was originally planned. The Earth Probe satellite was boosted to 740 km in 1997 when the ADEOS satellite failed. The lower orbit of EP TOMS decreased the size of the footprint of each measurement, which increased the resolution and also increased the ability to make measurements over cloudless scenes. This orbit was chosen to improve the ability of the TOMS instrument to make measurements of UV-absorbing aerosols in the troposphere and enhanced the capability of converting the TOMS aerosol measurements into geophysical quantities such as optical depth. Tropospheric aerosols play a major role in the Earth's climate and the capability to measure them from a TOMS instrument had recently been developed using data from Nimbus-7 and Meteor-3 TOMS.The TOMS Tropospheric Ozone data are 9-day averaged, gridded (1-degree by 2-degree) ASCII products. There is also a GIF image of each data file.
ATom: Column-Integrated Densities of Hydroxyl and Formaldehyde in Remote Troposphere
This dataset provides profile-integrated column densities of formaldehyde (HCHO), hydroxyl (OH), and OH production rates, diel tropospheric mean OH concentrations, and uncertainties that were derived from direct observation data from selected profiles of NASA Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission 1 and 2 flights for the period July 29, 2016 to February 21, 2017. These calculated products were combined with coincident HCHO column retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) to scale and extend the profile results to a global gridded (0.5 deg latitude x 0.625 deg longitude) product. In addition to OMI formaldehyde column data, model output products from the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) including average tropopause height, scaling factor, column air mass, and column-average formaldehyde photolysis frequency are provided. The GMI model output products were used in calculations and are included for user convenience.
SAFARI 2000 Modeled Tropospheric Air Mass Trajectories, Dry Season 2000
The ETA Forecast Trajectory Model was used to produce forecasts of air-parcel trajectories twice a day at three pressure levels over seven sites in Southern Africa for the period August 14, 2000 to September 23, 2000. These sites are Durban, Middleburg, Pietersburg, and Springbok, South Africa; Maun, Botswana; Mongu, Zambia; and Windhoek, Namibia. The twice daily three-dimensional wind field (at 0000 and 1200 UTC) was used as input to the trajectory model. By integrating the vertical motion of the air parcels over a period of time, the trajectory model was able to forecast the net vertical displacement of air parcels during 12-hour periods. The resulting trajectory plots represent the three-dimensional transport of air in time and can be used to examine what is happening in the low-to-mid troposphere during flight and ground-based observations. These levels are most significant in terms of the thermodynamic structure of the troposphere, especially the stable layers and accumulation of material between and below them, as well containing the major levels of subsidence over the subcontinent. The trajectory model output and thermodynamic profiles of the troposphere were used to position aircraft for sampling trace gases, aerosols and other species during the SAFARI 2000 field campaign and to predict regions of high aerosol and trace gas concentrations downwind.The model output data are daily forward and backward trajectory plots at 850 hPa, 700 hPa, and 500 hPa pressure levels for each location. The plots are provided as JPEG images with coordinate, date, and time stamps.
OMI/Aura NO2 Cloud-Screened Total and Tropospheric Column L3 Global Gridded 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree V3 (OMNO2d) at GES DISC
This is Level-3 daily global gridded (0.25x0.25 degree) Nitrogen Dioxide Product (OMNO2d). OMNO2d data product is a Level-3 Gridded Product where pixel level data of good quality are binned and "averaged" into 0.25x0.25 degree global grids. This product contains Total column NO2 and Total Tropospheric Column NO2, for all atmospheric conditions, and for sky conditions where cloud fraction is less than 30 percent.Nitrogen dioxide is an important chemical species in both, the stratosphere where it plays a key role in ozone chemistry, and in the troposphere where it is a precursor to ozone production. In the troposphere, it is produced in various combustion processes and in lightning and is an indicator of poor air quality.The OMNO2d data are stored in version 5 EOS Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS). Each file contains data from the day lit portion of the orbit (~14 orbits). The average file size for the OMNO2d data product is about 12 Mbytes.
AIRS/Aqua L3 8-day CO2 in the free troposphere (AIRS+AMSU) 2.5 degrees x 2 degrees V005 (AIRX3C28) at GES DISC
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is a grating spectrometer (R = 1200) aboard the second Earth Observing System (EOS) polar-orbiting platform, EOS Aqua. In combination with the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) and the Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB), AIRS constitutes an innovative atmospheric sounding group of visible, infrared, and microwave sensors. This product is the AIRS mid-tropospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Level 3 8-day Gridded Retrieval, from the AIRS and AMSU instruments on board of Aqua satellite. It is 8-day gridded data, at 2.5x2 deg (lon)x(lat) grid cell size. The data is in mole fraction units (data x 10^6 =ppm in volume). This is a total tropospheric column property. The file format is HDF-EOS 2.12 corresponding to HDF4. This AIRS mid-tropospheric CO2 Level 3, 8-day, Gridded Retrieval Product contains standard retrieval means, standard deviations and input counts as well as the latitude and longitude arrays giving the centers of the grid boxes. Each file covers an 8-day period. The mean values are simply the arithmetic means of the individual CO2 retrievals which fall within that grid box over the 8-day period. The mid-tropospheric CO2 retrievals have been averaged and binned into 2.5 x 2 deg grid cells, from -180.0 to +180.0 deg longitude and from -60.0 to +90.0 deg latitude. For each grid map of 4-byte floating-point mean values there is a corresponding 4-byte floating-point map of standard deviation and a 2-byte integer grid map of counts. The counts map provides the user with the number of points per bin that were included in the mean.
TEMPO NO2 tropospheric and stratospheric columns V03 (PROVISIONAL)
Nitrogen dioxide Level 2 files provide trace gas information at TEMPO’s native spatial resolution, ~10 km^2 at the center of the Field of Regard (FOR), for individual granules. Each granule covers the entire North-South TEMPO FOR but only a portion of the East-West FOR. The files are provided in netCDF4 format, and contain information on tropospheric, stratospheric and total nitrogen dioxide vertical columns, ancillary data used in air mass factor and stratospheric/tropospheric separation calculations, and retrieval quality flags. The retrieval uses a three-step approach: (1) spectral fitting of slant columns, (2) air mass factor calculation and derivation of vertical columns, and (3) stratospheric/tropospheric separation. These data reached provisional validation on December 9, 2024.
AIRS/Aqua L3 Monthly CO2 in the free troposphere (AIRS+AMSU) 2.5 degrees x 2 degrees V005 (AIRX3C2M) at GES DISC
The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is a grating spectrometer (R = 1200) aboard the second Earth Observing System (EOS) polar-orbiting platform, EOS Aqua. In combination with the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) and the Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB), AIRS constitutes an innovative atmospheric sounding group of visible, infrared, and microwave sensors. This product is the AIRS mid-tropospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Level 3 Monthly Gridded Retrieval, from the AIRS and AMSU instruments on board of Aqua satellite. It is monthly gridded data at 2.5x2 deg (lon)x(lat) grid cell size. The data is in mole fraction units (data x 10^6 =ppm in volume). This quantity is not a total column quantity because the sensitivity function of the AIRS mid-tropospheric CO2 retrieval system peaks over the altitude range 6-10 km. The quantity is what results when the true atmospheric CO2 profile is weighted, level-by-level, by the AIRS sensitivity function. The file format is HDF-EOS 2.12 corresponding to HDF4. This AIRS mid-tropospheric CO2 Level 3 Monthly Gridded Retrieval Product contains standard retrieval means, standard deviations and input counts as well as the latitude and longitude arrays giving the centers of the grid boxes. Each file covers a calendar month. The mean values are simply the arithmetic means of the individual CO2 retrievals which fall within that grid box over the month. The mid-tropospheric CO2 retrievals have been averaged and binned into 2.5 x 2 deg grid cells, from -180.0 to +180.0 deg longitude and from -60.0 to +90.0 deg latitude. For each grid map of 4-byte floating-point mean values there is a corresponding 4-byte floating-point map of standard deviation and a 2-byte integer grid map of counts. The counts map provides the user with the number of points per bin that were included in the mean.
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Tropospheric Formaldehyde HCHO 1-Orbit L2 5.5km x 3.5km V2 (S5P_L2__HCHO___HiR) at GES DISC
Starting from August 6th in 2019, Sentinel-5P TROPOMI along-track high spatial resolution (~5.5km at nadir) has been implemented.Starting from July 13th in 2020, five Sentinel-5P TROPOMI level-2 products including total and tropospheric column ozone, sulfur dioxide, CLOUD, and formaldehyde have been generated in processor version 2.For data before August 6th of 2019, please check S5P_L2__HCHO___1 data collection.For data between August 6th of 2019 and July 13th of 2020, please check S5P_L2__HCHO___HiR_1 data collection.For data after July 13th of 2020, please check S5P_L2__HCHO___HiR_2 data collection.The Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P or S5P) satellite mission is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family - Sentinels, and it is a joint initiative between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the ESA. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS, 270nm to 495nm), near infrared (NIR, 675nm to 775nm), and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 2305nm-2385nm). Sentinel-5P is the first of the Atmospheric Composition Sentinels and is expected to provide measurements of ozone, NO2, SO2, CH4, CO, formaldehyde, aerosols and cloud at high spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions.The retrieval algorithm for Sentinel-5P TROPOMI HCHO from ultraviolet spectral measurements is the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method. The relevant information of absorption cross section, instrument characteristics, cloud cover as well as aerosol index are utilized to derive HCHO slant column density (SCD). The air mass factor (AMF) Look-up table has been created with the VLIDORT 2.6 radiative transfer model at the wavelength of 340 nm, and the AMF is used to compute the total column averaging kernels (AK). The background normalization of the slant columns is essential for weak absorbent like formaldehyde to compensate for possible systematic offsets. The main outputs of the DOAS algorithm are the vertical column density (VCD), SCD, AMF, uncertainty, AK, and quality flags.
Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational eXperiment (TARFOX) - Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer from Wallops ground station
TARFOX_WALLOPS_SMPS is the Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational eXperiment (TARFOX) Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) data set from Wallops ground station. The TARFOX Intensive Field Campaign was conducted July 10-31, 1996. It included coordinated measurements from four satellites (GOES-8, NOAA-14, ERS-2, LANDSAT), four aircraft (ER-2, C-130, C-131A, and a modified Cessna), land sites, and ships. A variety of aerosol conditions was sampled, ranging from relatively clean behind frontal passages to moderately polluted with aerosol optical depths exceeding 0.5 at mid-visible wavelengths. Gradients of aerosol optical thickness were sampled to aid in isolating aerosol effects from other radiative effects and to more tightly constrain closure tests, including those of satellite retrievals. Early results from TARFOX include demonstration of the unexpected importance of carbonaceous compounds and water condensed on aerosol in the US mid-Atlantic haze plume, chemical apportionment of the aerosol optical depth, measurements of the downward component of aerosol radiative forcing, and agreement between forcing measurements and calculations.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.