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1,862 results for “tuberculosis”
Policy and programmatic directions for the Lesotho tuberculosis programme: Findings of the national tuberculosis prevalence survey, 2019
<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>The Kingdom of Lesotho has one of the highest burdens of tuberculosis (TB) in the world. A national TB prevalence survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB disease among those ≥15 years of age in 2019.</p> <p><strong>Method</strong></p> <p>A multistage cluster-based cross-sectional survey where residents ≥15 years in 54 clusters sampled from across the country were eligible to participate. Survey participants were screened using a symptom screen questionnaire and digital chest X-ray (CXR). Respondents who acknowledged cough of any duration, fever, weight loss, night sweats and/or had any CXR abnormality in the lungs were asked to provide two spot sputum specimens. All sputum testing was conducted at the National TB Reference Laboratory (NTRL), where samples underwent Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (1st sample) and MGIT culture (2nd sample). HIV counselling and testing was offered to all survey participants. TB cases were those with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-positive samples with culture; and where culture was not positive, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) was positive with a CXR suggestive of active TB and no current or prior history of TB.</p> <p><strong>Result</strong></p> <p>A total of 39,902 individuals were enumerated, and of these, 26,857 (67.3%) were eligible to participate; 21,719 (80.9%) participated in the survey of which 8,599 (40%) were males and 13,120 (60%) were females. All 21,719 (100%) survey participants underwent symptom screening and a total of 21,344 participants (98.3%) had a CXR. Of the 7,584 (34.9%) participants who were eligible for sputum examination, 4,190 (55.2%) were eligible by CXR only, 1,455 (19.2%) by symptom screening, 1,630 by both, and 309 by CXR exemption. A total of 6,780 (89.4%) submitted two sputum specimens, and 311 (4.1%) submitted one sample only. From the 21,719 survey participants, HIV counseling and testing was offered to 17,048, and 3,915 (23.0%) were documented as HIV-positive. The survey identified 132 participants with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB thus providing an estimated prevalence of 581 per 100,000 population (95% CI 466–696) for those ≥15 years in 2019. Using the survey results, TB incidence was re-estimated to be 654 per 100,000 (95% CI 406–959), which was comparable to the 2018 TB incidence rate of 611 per 100,000 (95% CI 395–872) reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). The highest TB burden was found in those ≥55 years and among men. The ratio of prevalence to case notification was estimated at 1.22. TB/HIV coinfection was identified in 39 (29.6%) participants. Out of the 1,825 participants who reported a cough, 50% of these participants, mostly men, did not seek care. Those who sought care predominantly went to the public health facilities.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p>The TB prevalence survey results confirmed that burden of TB and TB/HIV coinfection remains very high in Lesotho. Given that TB prevalence remains high, and there is a significant proportion of participants with confirmed TB that did not report TB suggestive symptoms. The National TB Programme will need to update its TB screening and treatment algorithms to achieve the End TB targets. A major focus will need to be placed on finding the "missing cases" i.e., undiagnosed or under-reported TB cases, or ensuring that not only TB symptomatic but also those who do not present with typical TB symptoms are promptly identified to reduce further onward transmission.</p>
Quantifying the potential epidemiological impact of a two-year active case finding for tuberculosis in rural Nepal: A model-based analysis
<p>Includes data and codes for the manuscript entitled: <strong>Quantifying the potential epidemiological impact of a two-year active case finding for tuberculosis in rural Nepal: A model-based analysis</strong></p> <div> <div> <div> <p>doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2022-062123</p> </div> </div> </div>
Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Positive Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01262976. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Trial to Evaluate OPC 67683 in Participants With Pulmonary Sputum Culture-positive, Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (TB)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00685360. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 9. Publications: 1.
Prevention of Tuberculosis in Prisons
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03028129. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 42.
A Phase I/IIa AERAS-456 in HIV-Negative Adults With & Without Latent Tuberculosis Infection (C-035-456)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01865487. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccine in Adults With TB Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01424501. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 2.
Evaluation of Early Bactericidal Activity in Pulmonary Tuberculosis With(J-M-Pa-Z) (NC-001)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01215851. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
TMC207-TiDP13-C208: Anti-bacterial Activity, Safety, and Tolerability of TMC207 in Participants With Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-TB).
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00449644. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 8. Publications: 5.
High-Dose Isoniazid Among Adult Patients With Different Genetic Variants of INH-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01936831. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 3.
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Antiretroviral and Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs During Pregnancy and Postpartum
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04518228. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 8. Publications: 1.
Effects of Interferon-Gamma on Cavitary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Lungs
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00201123. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Standard Versus Double Dose Dolutegravir in Patients With HIV-associated Tuberculosis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03851588. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Safety and Immunogenicity of 2 Formulations of Tuberculosis Vaccine GSK692342 Given at 0,1 Months to Healthy Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00397943. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Safety and Tolerability of Metformin in People With Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04930744. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 36.
REMEMBER: Reducing Early Mortality & Morbidity by Empiric Tuberculosis (TB) Treatment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01380080. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 10. Publications: 2.
Human-centered Design and Communities of Practice to Improve Home-based Tuberculosis Contact Investigation in Uganda
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05640648. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Evaluation of 8 Weeks of Treatment With the Combination of Moxifloxacin, PA-824 and Pyrazinamide in Patients With Drug Sensitive and Multi Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) (NC-002)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01498419. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Xpert MTB/Rif, a New Tool for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Two Municipalities in Brazil
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01363765. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Active Close Contact Investigation of Tuberculosis Through Computer-aided Detection and Stool Xpert MTB/RIF Among People Living in Ethiopia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05818059. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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