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Fig. 1 in Late Miocene Turtles Of Grytsiv (Western Ukraine) With Rodent Gnaw Marks On The Carapace Surface
Fig. 1. Location of Grytsiv on the map of Ukraine (A), and geological proFIle of the locality (B), after Vasilyan et al. (2013) and Nesin & Kovalchuk (2021).
Fig. 2 in Late Miocene Turtles Of Grytsiv (Western Ukraine) With Rodent Gnaw Marks On The Carapace Surface
Fig. 2. Turtle remains from the late Miocene of Grytsiv: A–B — Emys sp., xiphiplastron NMNHU-P AR402/4 (A), marginal scute NMNHU-P AR 402/1 (B); C–E — Melanochelys cf. M. moldavica Chkhikvadze, 1983, costal plate NMNHU-P AR 403 (C), right xiphiplastron NMNHU-P AR 405 (D–E); F, I — Trionychidae indet., shell fragments NMNHU-P AR 401/1 (F), AR 401/2 (I); G–H — Testudo chernovi Khosatzky, 1948, nuchal NMNHU-P AR 406 (G), type specimen after Khosatzky (1948 a: FIg. 1), modiFIed (not to scale). Scale bars equal 5 mm in A–C, F–G and I, 10 mm in D and E.
Data for: Morphological species delimitation in the Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys): Can machine learning methods aid in cryptic species identification?
<p>As the discovery of cryptic species has increased in frequency, there has been interest in whether geometric morphometric data can detect fine-scale patterns of variation that can be used to morphologically diagnose such species. We used a combination of geometric morphometric data and an ensemble of five supervised machine learning methods to investigate whether plastron shape can differentiate two putative cryptic turtle species, <em>Actinemys marmorata</em> and <em>Actinemys pallida</em>. <em>Actinemys</em> has been the focus of considerable research due to its biogeographic distribution and conservation status. Despite this work, reliable morphological diagnoses for its two species are still lacking. We validated our approach on two datasets, one consisting of eight morphologically disparate emydid species, and the other consisting of two subspecies of <em>Trachemys</em> (<em>T. scripta scripta</em>, <em>T. scripta elegans</em>). The validation tests returned near-perfect classification rates, demonstrating that plastron shape is an effective means for distinguishing taxonomic groups of emydids via machine learning methods. By contrast, the same methods did not return high classification rates for a set of alternative phylogeographic and morphological binning schemes in <em>Actinemys</em>. All classification hypotheses performed poorly relative to the validation datasets and no single hypothesis was unequivocally supported for <em>Actinemys</em>. Two hypotheses had machine learning performance that was marginally better than our remaining hypotheses. In both cases, those hypotheses favored a two-species split between <em>A. marmorata</em> and <em>A. pallida</em> specimens, lending tentative morphological support to the hypothesis of two <em>Actinemys</em> species. However, the machine learning results also underscore that <em>Actinemys</em> as a whole have lower levels of plastral variation than other turtles within Emydidae, but the reason for this morphological conservatism is unclear.</p>
Figure 2 in Archival sea turtles in National Zoological Collections of Zoological Survey of India
Figure 2. Representatives of the archival Sea turtle specimens (the Green Sea Turtle, Chelonia mydas) preserved in Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. A. Hatchling of C. mydas, Reg. No. ZSI 14544 (dorsal view, wet collection). B. Hatchling of C. mydas, Reg. No. ZSI 14543 (ventral view, wet collection). C. Eggs of C. mydas (wet collection). D. Skull of C. mydas, Reg. No. ZSI 389 (1404) (lateral view, dry collection). E. Adult individuals of C. mydas, Reg. No. ZSI 22489 (lateral view, wet collection).
Figure 1 in Archival sea turtles in National Zoological Collections of Zoological Survey of India
Figure 1. Representatives of the archival Sea turtle specimens (the Hawksbill Sea Turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata) preserved in Amphibia and Reptilia gallery of Indian museum, Kolkata and morphometric measurements. HD= Head diameter, FL= Forelimb length, HL= Hindlimb length, CCL=Curved carapace length, CPL= Curved plastron length, CCW= Curved carapace width, CPW= Curved plastron width, TL= Total length.
Fig. 2 in First molecular detection of Francisella tularensis in turtle (Testudo graeca) and ticks (Hyalomma aegyptium) in Northwest of Iran
Fig. 2. The evolutionary lineage was determined using the Maximum Likelihood method and the Tamura-Nei model. The displayed tree represents the one with the most favorable log likelihood (429.22). Additionally, the branches are accompanied by the percentage denoting how frequently the related taxa formed clusters in the trees. The initial trees for exploratory purposes were automatically created using the Neighbor-Join and BioNJ algorithms. This was accomplished by utilizing a matrix of pairwise distances, which were calculated employing the Tamura-Nei model. From these initial trees, the one with the most favorable log likelihood value was selected. This analysis was conducted on a collection of 31 nucleotide sequences. The encompassed codon positions consisted of 1st+2nd+3rd +Noncoding. The final dataset consisted of a total of 306 positions. The evolutionary analyses were performed utilizing MEGA11.
Fig. 3 in First molecular detection of Francisella tularensis in turtle (Testudo graeca) and ticks (Hyalomma aegyptium) in Northwest of Iran
Fig. 3. The lineage's evolutionary narrative was deduced through the application of the Neighbor-Joining technique. The most advantageous tree configuration is depicted. Adjacent to the branches, the percentages reflect how often the related taxa aggregated within the bootstrap test, comprising 1000 replicates. Evolutionary distances were calculated using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method, expressed as the count of base substitutions per site. In this study, a collective of 32 nucleotide sequences were taken into account. The codon positions covered 1st+2nd+3rd + Noncoding. Ambiguous positions were excluded for each sequence pair, following the pairwise deletion technique. In the culminating dataset, a collective count of 542 positions was encompassed. The evolutionary analyses were executed using MEGA11.
Figure 8 in The first described turtle beetles from Eocene Baltic amber, with notes on fossil Chelonariidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea)
Figure 8. Elytral vestiture and setation shape in fossil Chelonarium: (a) Ch. dingansich Alekseev and Bukejs sp. nov., right elytron, and (b) Ch. andabata Alekseev and Bukejs sp. nov., left elytron. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Abbreviation: pa – patches of paler and denser setae.
Figure 6 in The first described turtle beetles from Eocene Baltic amber, with notes on fossil Chelonariidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea)
Figure 6. Photomicrographs of Chelonarium dingansich Alekseev and Bukejs sp. nov., holotype, 6696 [MAIG], habitus: (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view and (c) left lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 3. X in The first described turtle beetles from Eocene Baltic amber, with notes on fossil Chelonariidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea)
Figure 3. X-ray micro-CT renderings of Chelonarium andabata Alekseev and Bukejs sp. nov., holotype, RSKM_P3000.141 [RSKM], habitus: (a) ventral view without legs, showing depressions for legs reception; (b) ventral view with antennae and legs in different colours; (c) frontal view; and (d) caudal view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 4 in The first described turtle beetles from Eocene Baltic amber, with notes on fossil Chelonariidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea)
Figure 4. Antennae of Chelonarium andabata Alekseev and Bukejs sp. nov., holotype, RSKM_P3000.141 [RSKM]: (a) X-ray micro-CT rendering and (b) reconstruction. Abbreviations: a1–a11 – antennomeres 1–11 respectively.
Figure 2. X in The first described turtle beetles from Eocene Baltic amber, with notes on fossil Chelonariidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea)
Figure 2. X-ray micro-CT renderings of Chelonarium andabata Alekseev and Bukejs sp. nov., holotype, RSKM_P3000.141 [RSKM], habitus: (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view and (c) left lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 7. X in The first described turtle beetles from Eocene Baltic amber, with notes on fossil Chelonariidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea)
Figure 7. X-ray micro-CT renderings of Chelonarium dingansich Alekseev and Bukejs sp. nov., holotype, 6696 [MAIG], habitus: (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view and (c) right lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 5. X in The first described turtle beetles from Eocene Baltic amber, with notes on fossil Chelonariidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea)
Figure 5. X-ray micro-CT renderings of Chelonarium andabata Alekseev and Bukejs sp. nov., holotype, RSKM_P3000.141 [RSKM], aedeagus: (a) dorsal view, (b) lateral view and (c) ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
Figure 1 in The first described turtle beetles from Eocene Baltic amber, with notes on fossil Chelonariidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea)
Figure 1. Photomicrographs of Chelonarium andabata Alekseev and Bukejs sp. nov., holotype, RSKM_P3000.141 [RSKM]: (a) ventral habitus view; (b) right lateral habitus view; (c) detail of head with antenna (horizontal arrow) and protarsi (inclined arrows) in ventral view; and (d) detail of legs in ventral view with pro-, meso-, and metatarsus indicated by horizontal arrows (from top to bottom of view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm.
Figure 6 in A new species of baenid turtle from the Early Cretaceous Lakota Formation of South Dakota
Figure 6. Time-calibrated strict consensus topology obtained from both phylogenetic analyses. Out-groups are removed and all derived baenids united into the clade Baenodda.
Figure 4. The 3-D in A new species of baenid turtle from the Early Cretaceous Lakota Formation of South Dakota
Figure 4. The 3-D-rendered CT images of shells, Lakotemys australodakotensis gen. et. sp. nov., Berriasian–Barremian Lakota Formation, Fall River County, South Dakota, USA. Dorsal and ventral views of (a) OMNH 67133, the holotype, and (b) OMNH 63615. Abbreviations are as follows: co: costal; ent: entoplastron; hyo: hyoplastron; hyp: hypoplastron; mes: mesoplastron; ne: neural; per: peripheral; sp: suprapygal; xi: xiphiplastron.
Figure 1 in A new species of baenid turtle from the Early Cretaceous Lakota Formation of South Dakota
Figure 1. Map highlighting the distribution of named baenids from the Early Cretaceous of North America: Arundelemys dardeni from St. George's County, Maryland (MD); Lakotemys australodakotensis gen. et. sp. nov. from Fall River County, South Dakota (SD); Protobaena wyomingensis from Big Horn County, Montana (MT); and Trinitichelys hiatii from Montague County, Texas (TX). States are highlighted in gray, counties in black.
Figure 3. OMNH 63615, a in A new species of baenid turtle from the Early Cretaceous Lakota Formation of South Dakota
Figure 3. OMNH 63615, a partial shell, Lakotemys australodakotensis gen. et. sp. nov., Berriasian–Barremian Lakota Formation, Fall River County, South Dakota, USA. Photographs and illustrations in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view. Dashed lines connote sutures observed in 3-D-rendered CT scans (see Fig. 4). Abbreviations are as follows: Ab: abdominal scute; co: costal; ent: entoplastron; epi: epiplastron; Ex: extragular scute; Fe: femoral scute; Gu: gular scute; Hu: humeral scute; hyo: hyoplastron; hyp: hypoplastron; IM: inframarginal scute; Ma: marginal scutes; mes: mesoplastron; ne: neural; nu: nuchal scute; Pe: pectoral scutes; per: peripheral; Ve: vertebral scute.
Figure 5. The 3-D in A new species of baenid turtle from the Early Cretaceous Lakota Formation of South Dakota
Figure 5. The 3-D-rendered CT images of a skull, Lakotemys australodakotensis gen. et. sp. nov., Berriasian–Barremian Lakota Formation, Fall River County, South Dakota, USA. OMNH 66106 in (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) anterior, (d) posterior, (e) right lateral, and (f) left lateral views. Abbreviations are as follows: fr: frontal; pa: parietal; po: postorbital.
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