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403 results for “wasp parasite”
Data from: Egg laying rather than host quality or host feeding experience drives habitat estimation in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis
<p>In variable environments, sampling information on habitat quality is essential for making adaptive foraging decisions. In insect parasitoids, females foraging for hosts have repeatedly been shown to employ behavioral strategies that are in line with predictions from optimal foraging models. Yet, which cues exactly are employed to sample information on habitat quality, has rarely been investigated. Using the gregarious parasitoid <i>Nasonia vitripennis</i> (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), we provided females with different cues about hosts to elucidate, which of them would change a wasp's posterior behavior suggesting a change in information status. We employed posterior clutch size decisions on a host as proxy for a female's estimation of habitat quality. Taking into account changes in physiological state of the foraging parasitoid, we tested whether different host qualities encountered previously change the subsequent clutch size decision in females. Additionally, we investigated whether other kinds of positive experiences - such as ample time to investigate hosts, host feeding, or egg laying - would increase a wasp's estimated value of habitat quality. Contrary to our expectations, quality differences in previously encountered hosts did not affect clutch size decisions. However, we found that prior egg laying experience changes posterior egg allocation to a host, indicating a change in female information status. Host feeding and the time available for host inspection, though correlated with egg laying experience, did not seem to contribute to this change in information status.</p>
Data from: Running in circles in phylomorphospace: host environment constrains morphological diversification in parasitic wasps
Understanding phenotypic diversification and the conditions that spur morphological novelty or constraint is a major theme in evolutionary biology. Unequal morphological diversity between sister clades can result from either differences in the rate of morphological change or in the ability of clades to explore novel phenotype ranges. We combine an existing phylogenetic framework with new phylogenomic data and geometric morphometrics to explore the relative roles of rate versus mode of morphological evolution for a hyperdiverse group: cryptine ichneumonid wasps. Data from genomic ultraconserved elements (UCEs) confirm that cryptines are divided into two large clades: one specialized in the use of hosts that are deeply concealed under hard substrates, and another with a much more diversified host range. Using a phylomorphospace approach, we show that both clades have experienced similar rates of morphological evolution. Nonetheless, the more specialized group is much more restricted in morphospace occupation, indicating that it repeatedly evolved morphological change through the same morphospace regions. This is in agreement with our prediction that host use imposes constraints in the morphospace available to lineages, and reinforces an important distinction between evolutionary stasis as opposed to a scenario of continual morphological change restricted to a certain range of morphotypes.
Figs 34–40 in The Eastern Palaearctic parasitic wasps of the genus Spilomicrus Westwood, 1832 (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae)
Figs 34–40. Spilomicrus transversus sp. n. 34‒37, 39, 40 – female; 38 – male; 34 ‒ face;
Figs 8, 9. Spilomicrus spp. 8 ‒ S in The Eastern Palaearctic parasitic wasps of the genus Spilomicrus Westwood, 1832 (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae)
Figs 8, 9. Spilomicrus spp. 8 ‒ S. crassiclavis, face, frontal view (from Notton, 1999); 9
Data and scripts from: Microbiome composition is shaped by geography and population structure in the parasitic wasp Asobara japonica, but not in the presence of the endosymbiont Wolbachia
<p>The microbial community composition is crucial for diverse life-history traits in many organisms. However, we still lack a sufficient understanding of how the host microbiome is acquired and maintained, a pressing issue in times of global environmental change. Here we investigated to what extent host genotype, environmental conditions, and the endosymbiont <em>Wolbachia</em> influence the bacterial communities in the parasitic wasp <em>Asobara japonica</em>. We sampled multiple wasp populations across ten locations in their natural distribution range in Japan and sequenced the host genome (whole genome sequencing) and microbiome (16S rRNA gene). We compared the host population structure and bacterial community composition of wasps that reproduce sexually and are uninfected with <em>Wolbachia</em> with wasps that reproduce asexually and carry <em>Wolbachia</em>. The bacterial communities in asexual wasps were highly similar due to a strong effect of <em>Wolbachia</em> rather than host genomic structure. In contrast, in sexual wasps, bacterial communities appear primarily shaped by a combination of population structure and environmental conditions. Our research highlights that multiple factors shape the bacterial communities of an organism and that the presence of a single endosymbiont can strongly alter their compositions. This information is crucial to understanding how organisms and their associated microbiome will react in the face of environmental change.</p>
Burmorussidae, a new family of parasitic wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
<p>A new genus and species, <i>Burmorussus mirabilis</i>, is described based on two specimens from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, and considered to be a specialized parasitic wasp of wood-living hosts. The new taxon is characterized by an orussid-like ocellar crown, big eyes, antennae attached well above the clypeus, and antennal grooves or ventral transverse frontal carinae absent. Additionally, all legs carry a prominent lanceolate lobe on the 3rd tarsomere. A similar structure is found, but organized differently, in Recent Orussidae and Stephanidae, serving as a part of vibration analyzer. Although sharing some characters with families Karatavitidae, Orussidae and Paroryssidae, this new taxon cannot be assigned to any of these families. We propose a new monotypic family Burmorussidae and assign it to the superfamily Orussoidea. A phylogenetic analysis confirms the monophyly of Orussoidea, which occurs a sister group to Apocrita</p>
Figure 67 in The systematics and biology of the Costa Rican species of parasitic wasps in the Thyreodon genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Figure 67. Cocoon of T. whitfieldi (label shown is approximately 22 mm wide).
Figure 66 in The systematics and biology of the Costa Rican species of parasitic wasps in the Thyreodon genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Figure 66. The strict consensus (Nelson) tree.
Foraging behaviour variations, for gene expression and transcriptomic divergence in parasitic wasp populations of Venturia canescens
<p><span>Foraging behaviours encompass strategies to locate resources and to exploit them. In many taxa, these behaviours are driven by a major gene called <em>for</em>, but mechanisms vary </span><span>between species. In the parasitoid wasp <em>Venturia</em> <em>canescens</em>, sexual and asexual populations coexist in sympatry but differ in life-history trait, physiology and behaviours,</span> <span>which could impact their foraging strategies. </span><span>Here, we explored the molecular bases underpinning divergence in behaviours by testing two mutually nonexclusive hypotheses: first, </span><span>the divergence in the <em>for</em> gene correlates with difference in foraging strategies, and second, the latter rely on a divergence in whole-genome expression. Using comparative genomics, we showed that the <em>for</em> gene was conserved across insects considering both sequence and gene model complexity. Polymorphism analysis did not support the occurrence of two allelic variants diverging across the two populations, yet the asexual population exhibited less polymorphism than the sexual population. Sexual and asexual transcriptomes sharply split, with 10.9% of differentially expressed genes, but these were not enriched in behavioural-related genes. We showed that the <em>for</em> gene was more highly expressed in asexual female heads than in sexual heads and that those differences correlate with divergence in foraging behaviours in our experiment since asexuals explored the environment more and exploited more host patches. Overall, these results suggested that fine tuning of <em>for</em> gene expression between populations may have led to distinct foraging behaviours. We hypothesized that reproductive polymorphism and coexistence in sympatry of sexual and asexual populations specialized to different ecological niches via divergent optima on phenotypic traits could imply adaptation through different expression patterns of the for gene and at many other loci throughout the genome.</span></p>
A solitary ground-nesting wasp truncates its parental investment in response to detection of parasites
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Foraging behaviour variations, for gene expression and transcriptomic divergence in parasitic wasp populations of Venturia canescens
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Learning can be detrimental for a parasitic wasp: R scripts and Telenomus podisi data
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Data from: Running in circles in phylomorphospace: host environment constrains morphological diversification in parasitic wasps
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Data from: The ovipositor actuation mechanism of a parasitic wasp and its functional implications
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Data and scripts from: Microbiome composition is shaped by geography and population structure in the parasitic wasp Asobara japonica, but not in the presence of the endosymbiont Wolbachia
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Burmorussidae, a new family of parasitic wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
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Egg laying rather than host quality or host feeding experience drives habitat estimation in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis
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Data from: Host identity, nest quality, and parasitism strategy: influences on body size variation in parasitoid bees and wasps
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Genomic population structure of sympatric sexual and asexual populations in a parasitic wasp, Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), inferred from six hundred single-nucleotide polymorphism loci
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Ant-hemipteran mutualism: parasitic wasps use cuticular hydrocarbons of ants to avoid them
<p>One of the most studied and best-known mutualistic relationships between insects is that between ants and phloem-feeding insects. Ants feed on honeydew excreted by phloem-feeding insects and, in exchange, attack the phloem feeders' natural enemies, including parasitic wasps. However, parasitic wasps are under selection to exploit information on hazards and avoid them. Here, we tested whether parasitic wasps detect the previous presence of ants attending colonies of phloem feeders. Behavioural assays demonstrate that wasps left colonies previously attended by ants more frequently than control colonies. This behaviour has a cost for the parasitic wasp as females inserted their ovipositor in fewer hosts per colony. In a further bioassay, wasps spent less time on papers impregnated with extracts of the ant cues than on control papers. GC/MS analyses demonstrated that ants left a blend of cuticular hydrocarbons when they attended colonies of phloem feeders. These cuticular hydrocarbons are deposited passively when ants search for food. Overall, these results suggest, for the first time, that parasitic wasps of honeydew producers detect the previous presence of mutualistic ants through contact infochemicals. We anticipate such interactions to be widespread and to have implications in numerous ecosystems, as phloem feeders are usually tended by ants.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.