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opencc-zeroDec 2004View details →

FIGURE 3 in A new species of whiptail stingray of the genus Dasyatis Rafinesque, 1810 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae)

FIGURE 3: Dasyatis colarensis n. sp., UERJ 2006, paratype, male, 530 DW. Dorsal view.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2000View details →

Fig. 35 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones

Fig. 35. Ventral views of the same lizards arranged in the same sequence as in figure 34.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2000View details →

Fig. 3. The contact region. Numbers designate collecting sites. Compare with figure 49 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones

Fig. 3. The contact region. Numbers designate collecting sites. Compare with figure 49.

FIGURE 15 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 15. The oviduct (part) and ovary of laboratory hybrid AMNH

FIGURE 14 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 14. Volume of the adrenal gland compared to the snout-vent length (SVL)

FIGURE 17 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 17. Mesonephros of laboratory hybrid

FIGURE 10 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 10. Testis, adrenal gland,

FIGURE 4 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 4. Three Aspidoscelis of

FIGURE 3 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 3. Parents of the Aspidoscelis hybrids

FIGURE 16 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 16. The testis of laboratory

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2007View details →

Fig. 9 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 9. Antelope Pass, Peloncillo Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico. Photo by C.W.P., April 1,

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Whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis exsanguis) recognize invertebrate prey via cuticular hydrocarbons

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publicMar 2021View details →

opennotspecifiedDec 2004View details →

FIGURE 6 in A new species of whiptail stingray of the genus Dasyatis Rafinesque, 1810 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae)

FIGURE 6: Dasyatis colarensis n. sp. Schematic drawing of the right clasper of holotype in dorsal view. Abbreviations: mts, medial terminal margin serrae; hyp, hypopyle; pe, pent.

opennotspecifiedDec 2004View details →

FIGURE 5 in A new species of whiptail stingray of the genus Dasyatis Rafinesque, 1810 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae)

FIGURE 5: Dasyatis colarensis n. sp., UERJ 2006, paratype. Detail of mouth showing the coloration of the lower lip margin.

opennotspecifiedDec 2004View details →

FIGURES 1–2. Dasyatis colarensis n in A new species of whiptail stingray of the genus Dasyatis Rafinesque, 1810 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae)

FIGURES 1–2. Dasyatis colarensis n. sp, MNRJ 25179, holotype, male, 630 DW. 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view.

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Parthenogenesis doubles the rate of amino acid substitution in Whiptail mitochondria

Sexual reproduction is ubiquitous in the natural world, suggesting that sex must have extensive benefits to overcome the cost of males compared to asexual reproduction. One hypothesized advantage of sex with strong theoretical support is that sex plays a role in removing deleterious mutations from the genome. Theory predicts that transitions to asexuality should lead to the suppression of recombination and segregation and, in turn, weakened natural selection, allowing for the accumulation of slightly deleterious mutations. We tested this prediction by estimating the dN/dS ratios in asexual vertebrate lineages in the genus Aspidoscelis using whole mitochondrial genomes from seven asexual and five sexual species. We found higher dN/dS ratios in asexual Aspidoscelis species, indicating that asexual whiptails accumulate non-synonymous substitutions due to weaker purifying selection. Additionally, we estimated nucleotide diversity and found that asexuals harbor significantly less diversity. Thus, despite their recent origins, slightly deleterious mutations accumulated rapidly enough in asexual lineages to be detected. We provided empirical evidence to corroborate the connection between asexuality and increased amino acid substitutions in asexual vertebrate lineages.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →