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123 results for “woody species”
FIGURE 6. Amburana erythrosperma. A in A Taxonomic Review And A New Species Of The South American Woody Genus Amburana (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae)
FIGURE 6. Amburana erythrosperma. A. Inflorescence; B. Leaf; C. Detail of leaflet lower surface; D. Flower buds; E. Standard (adaxial face); F. Longitudinal section of flower showing hypanthium, stamens and carpel; G. Anther; H. Gynoecium; J. Style and stigma; K. Calyx and hypanthium; L. Stamens; M. Flower, side view; N. Flower bud; P. Bracteole (abaxial face); Q. Fruit; R. Seed; S. Opened fruit showing two seeds (A–M from G. P. Lewis & S. M. M. de Andrade 1876; N–S from G. P. Lewis & S. M. M. de Andrade 1997). Artist unknown.
FIGURE 1. Chimonocalamus elegans. A in Chimonocalamus elegans, a new temperate woody bamboo species (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from Doi Phu Kha National Park, Thailand
FIGURE 1. Chimonocalamus elegans. A. Flowering branchlet; B. Portion of culm showing node; C. Culm leaves on the new shoot (flying shoot); D. Culm leaf sheaths; E. Spikelet without glumes; F. Glumes; G. Lemmas; H. Paleas; I. Lodicules. Drawn by A. Teerawatananon from P. Pinyo s.n. (BKF).
FIGURE 1. Chimonocalamus auriculatus. A in Chimonocalamus auriculatus, one more new temperate woody bamboo species of the genus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Arundinarieae) described from Thailand
FIGURE 1. Chimonocalamus auriculatus. A. Abaxial surface of a whole culm leaf; B. Portions of culm leaves, showing adaxial surface (left) and abaxial surface (right); C. Shoot; D. Portion of culm showing bud complement and nodes with a ring of root-thorns; E. Leafy branch. Drawn from S. Sungkaew, A. Teerawatananon & W. Sajia 1503 (BKF) by A. Teerawatananon.
FIGURE 2. Chimonocalamus auriculatus A in Chimonocalamus auriculatus, one more new temperate woody bamboo species of the genus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Arundinarieae) described from Thailand
FIGURE 2. Chimonocalamus auriculatus A. Habit; B. Foliage leaves; C. Young culm showing nodes with a ring of root-thorns; D. Branch complements; E. Clump habit; F. Shoot, showing deltoid lobed auricles with oral setae. Photos by A. Teerawatananon.
FIGURE 1 in Paronychia sanchez-vegae (Caryophyllaceae), a new woody species of Paronychia from North Peru
FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree from the analysis of ITS sequences obtained from Paronychia sanchezvegae as well as available GenBank sequences. Numbers associated with the nodes are ML bootstrap values. Bootstrap values below 50% are not shown. The numbers at the tips of branches represent GenBank accession numbers. Paronychia sanchez-vegae is indicated in bold.
FIGURE 3. Paronychia sanchez-vegae. A in Paronychia sanchez-vegae (Caryophyllaceae), a new woody species of Paronychia from North Peru
FIGURE 3. Paronychia sanchez-vegae. A. Habit of the plant (bottom left), B. Ramified stems, C. Detail of the rooting stems.
FIGURE 2. A Habit X 3, B Branch X 10, C Leaf abaxial side X 25, D Leaf adaxial side X 25, E in Paronychia sanchez-vegae (Caryophyllaceae), a new woody species of Paronychia from North Peru
FIGURE 2. A Habit X 3, B Branch X 10, C Leaf abaxial side X 25, D Leaf adaxial side X 25, E Detail of the leaf margin, X 100, F Stipule adaxial side X 25, G Stipule abaxial side X 25, H Node with leaf and bracts and flower X 25, I Flower X 55, J Flower opened X 40, K Section of ovary X 55.
FIGURE 2 in Chusquea yungasensis (Bambusoideae, Poaceae): a new species of woody bamboo from South America and the first record of subgenus Rettbergia in Bolivia
FIGURE 2. Upper Montane Cloud Forest, Cotapata National Park, sendero Sillutinkara, La Paz. A. Overview of the habitat of Chusquea yungasensis. B. Node at mid-culm with one dome-shaped central bud subtended by smaller subsidiary. C. Central bud and subsidiary branches. D. Geniculate subsidiary branches. E. Habit, branching and foliage leaves. F. Synflorescence. (Photos I. Jiménez).
FIGURE 1. Chusquea yungasensis. A. Culm leaf. B. Central bud and subsidiary branches. C. Branching and foliage leaves. D in Chusquea yungasensis (Bambusoideae, Poaceae): a new species of woody bamboo from South America and the first record of subgenus Rettbergia in Bolivia
FIGURE 1. Chusquea yungasensis. A. Culm leaf. B. Central bud and subsidiary branches. C. Branching and foliage leaves. D. Detail of the foliage leaf sheath, pseudopetiole and abaxial base of the foliage leaf blade. E. Fertile branch. F. Detail of the synflorescence. G. Spikelet. (A, E–G: Jiménez 5848; B–D: Jiménez 5694.) (Illustration by Lucas Marinho)
Interactive effects of tree species mixture and climate on foliar and woody trait variation in a widely distributed deciduous tree
<p><span>Despite increasing reports of severe drought and heat impacts on forest ecosystems, c</span>ommunity-level processes, which could potentially modulate tree responses to climatic stress, are rarely accounted for. While numerous studies<span> indicate a positive effect of species diversity on a wide range of ecosystem functions and services, little is known about how species interactions influence tree responses to climatic variability. We quantified the intraspecific variation in 16 leaf and wood physiological, morphological, and anatomical traits in mature beech trees (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) at six sites located along a climatic gradient in the French Alps. At each site, we studied pure beech and mixed stands with silver fir (<i>Abies alba </i>Mill.) or downy oak (<i>Quercus pubescens </i>Willd.). We tested how functional traits differed between the two species mixtures (pure <i>vs</i>. mixed stands) within each site and along the climatic gradient. We found significant changes in many traits along the climatic gradient </span>as conditions progressively got drier and warmer<span>. Independent of the mixture, reduced leaf-level CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation, stomatal size, and thicker leaf cuticles, consistent with a more conservative resource use strategy, were found. At the drier sites, higher foliar stable carbon isotopic composition (</span><span>d</span><sup><span>13</span></sup><span>C), thicker mesophyll tissues, and lower specific leaf area (SLA) in pure stands suggests that beech had more acquisitive traits there compared to mixed stands. At the wetter sites, trees in beech-silver fir mixtures had higher chlorophyll concentration, lower </span><span>d</span><sup><span>13</span></sup><span>C, larger xylem vessels, and higher SLA, suggesting a more acquisitive resource use strategy in mixed stands than in pure stands. </span>Our work revealed that species interactions are significant modulators of functional traits, and that they can be just as important drivers of intraspecific trait variation as climatic conditions. <span>We show that downy oak mixtures lead to an adaptive drought response by common beech in dry environments. In contrast, in milder climates, interactions with silver fir seem to increase beech' resource acquisition and productivity. These findings highlight a strong context-dependency and imply that incorporating local interspecific interactions in research on climate impacts could improve our understanding and predictions of forest dynamics.</span></p>
FIGURE 6. Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii. a in Pseudoxytenanthera madhavii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species of woody bamboo from the northern Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 6. Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii. a. culm with culm sheath (scale 2 cm), b. transverse section of three year old culm at breast height showing semisolid feature (scale 2 cm), c. culm sheath outer side (scale 2 cm), d. leaves (scale 5 cm), e. base of the leaf (scale 2 cm), f. young culm shoot, g. spikelet (scale 2 mm), h. stamens with staminal tube (scale 2 mm), i. carpel (scale 2 mm), j. culm sheath inner side (scale 5 cm), k. stamen and carpel (scale 2 mm), l. single stamen (scale 2 mm), m. upper palea (scale 2 mm), n. upper lemma (scale 2 mm), o. lower glume (scale 2 mm).
FIGURE 4. Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii. a & b. inflorescence, c. spikelet, d. lower glume, e. upper glume, f. lower lemma, g. upper lemma, h. lower palea, i. upper palea, j. stamens with staminal tube, k in Pseudoxytenanthera madhavii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species of woody bamboo from the northern Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 4. Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii. a & b. inflorescence, c. spikelet, d. lower glume, e. upper glume, f. lower lemma, g. upper lemma, h. lower palea, i. upper palea, j. stamens with staminal tube, k. stamens & carpel, l. caryopsis.
FIGURE 3. Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii. a. clump, b. culm, c in Pseudoxytenanthera madhavii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species of woody bamboo from the northern Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 3. Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii. a. clump, b. culm, c. culm and culm sheath, d. culm showing greyish tomentum and culm sheath showing reddish brown hairs, e. young culm shoot, f. three years old culm, g. leaves, h. outer side of culm sheath, i. inner side of culm sheath, j. transverse section of three year old culm at breast height showing semisolid feature.
FIGURE 1. Pseudoxytenanthera madhavii. a. clump, b. young shoots, c. leaves, d in Pseudoxytenanthera madhavii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species of woody bamboo from the northern Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 1. Pseudoxytenanthera madhavii. a. clump, b. young shoots, c. leaves, d. tip of the growing shoot showing culm sheath with wavy blade, e. culm sheath prominently showing blackish-brown hairs, f. three year old culms, g. culm sheath, h. transverse section of culms at breast height (1.3 m) showing large cavity and thin culm walls.
FIGURE 2. Pseudoxytenanthera madhavii. a. flowering culm, b. flowering branch, c. inflorescence, d. pollen collector solitary bee, e. spikelet, f. lower glume, g. upper glume, h. upper lemma, i. lower lemma, j. upper palea, k. lower palea, l. apiculate stamens, m. staminal tube, n in Pseudoxytenanthera madhavii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species of woody bamboo from the northern Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 2. Pseudoxytenanthera madhavii. a. flowering culm, b. flowering branch, c. inflorescence, d. pollen collector solitary bee, e. spikelet, f. lower glume, g. upper glume, h. upper lemma, i. lower lemma, j. upper palea, k. lower palea, l. apiculate stamens, m. staminal tube, n. gynoecium with hairy style and purple stigma.
FIGURE 5. Pseudoxytenanthera madhavii. a in Pseudoxytenanthera madhavii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species of woody bamboo from the northern Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 5. Pseudoxytenanthera madhavii. a. culm (scale 5 cm), b. transverse section of culm at breast height (1.3 m) (scale 3 cm), c. tip of the growing shoot showing culm sheath with wavy blade, d. outer side of culm sheath (scale 5 cm), e. sheath blade (scale 5 cm), f. base of the leaf (scale 2 cm), g. single anther (scale 2 mm), h: upper palea (scale 2 mm), i. leaves (scale 5 cm), j. spikelet (scale 2 mm), k. lower glume (scale 2 mm), l. lower lemma (scale 2 mm), m. upper lemma (scale 2 mm), n. gynoecium with hairy style (scale 2 mm), o. apiculate stamen (scale 2 mm).
Contrasting mycorrhizal growth responses in native and invasive woody species are associated with distinct root trait syndromes
<ol> <li>Invasive plant species often express resource-acquisitive leaf traits that support rapid growth, but associated fine root traits and the role of microbial mutualists in invader whole-plant functioning remains poorly understood.</li> <li>We performed an experiment of 12 phylogenetically-grouped native and non-native, invasive woody species, grown with or without a common inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) across two nutrient levels. We measured 10 fine root traits associated with nutrient uptake and suitability of AMF colonization.</li> <li>The presence of AMF increased the growth rate of all species, but native species were significantly more dependent on AMF than invaders. Further, invaders expressed a distinct syndrome of first-order root traits, including longer, thinner roots of high specific root length, greater branching intensity, and lower tissue density, which are traits associated with rapid nutrient uptake and low AMF association. This syndrome was independent of phylogeny, AMF inoculation, and soil fertility.</li> <li>An acquisitive fine root trait syndrome for invaders supports high photosynthetic and growth rates, linking above- and below-ground functioning. The occurrence of this syndrome across phylogenetic groups indicates that lineages of woody invaders typically associated with arbuscular mycorrhizas may be generally less dependent on AMF than native species.</li> </ol>
Data manuscript Gomez et al. Facilitation by pioneer trees and herbivore exclusion allow regeneration of woody species in the semiarid ecosystem of central Chile. Applied Vegetation Science
<p>Data of the paper: Nicolás Gómez-Fernández, Cecilia Smith-Ramírez, Cristian A. Delpiano, Alejandro Miranda, Inao Vásquez, Pablo I. Becerra<span>. </span>Facilitation by pioneer trees and herbivore exclusion allow regeneration of woody species in the semiarid ecosystem of central Chile. Applied Vegetation Science</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data for: Phenotypic variation of hydraulic traits for woody species
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Presents-absents of woody species on termite mounds and the savanna matrix in Africa
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