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› Figure 22. A, B, Tegenaria capolongoi; C-K, Tegenaria parmenidis; L-S, Tegenaria circeoensis sp. nov. Left male palp in ventral (E, N), retrolateral (F, O), and dorsal views (G, P); epigyne in ventral (A, C, Q, S) and vulva in dorsal view (B, D, R); intraspecific epigynal morphological variation (S); face of male in frontal view (J); spinnerets in ventral view (K); habitus (H) of male in dorsal and sternum in ventral view (I); carapace and abdomen of male in dorsal view (L, M). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (except 1 mm for H). in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

› Figure 22. A, B, Tegenaria capolongoi; C-K, Tegenaria parmenidis; L-S, Tegenaria circeoensis sp. nov. Left male palp in ventral (E, N), retrolateral (F, O), and dorsal views (G, P); epigyne in ventral (A, C, Q, S) and vulva in dorsal view (B, D, R); intraspecific epigynal morphological variation (S); face of male in frontal view (J); spinnerets in ventral view (K); habitus (H) of male in dorsal and sternum in ventral view (I); carapace and abdomen of male in dorsal view (L, M). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (except 1 mm for H).

Figure 17. A, B in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 17. A, B, Tegenaria domestica; C, F, G, M, N, Tegenaria racovitzai; D, E, Q, R, Tegenaria hauseri; H-J, Tegenaria bozhkovi; K, L, O, P, Tegenaria campestris; S, T, Tegenaria pieperi; U, Tegenaria schmalfussi; V, Tegenaria faniapollinis; W, Tegenaria percuriosa (holotype of Tegenaria bithyniae); X-Z, Tegenaria croatica sp. nov. Left male palp in ventral (M, O, Q) and retrolateral views (N, P, R); epigyne in ventral (D, F, H, K, S, U–W, Y) and posterioventral views (T), vulva in dorsal (E, G, I, L, U, Z) and lateral views (J); face of female Teg. domestica (A) and Teg. racovitzai (C); cheliceral margins of female Teg. domestica in posterioventral view (B); habitus, dorsal view (X). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (no scale for Teg. faniapollinis, V, and Teg. schmalfussi, U).

Figure 13. A, B, I, J in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 13. A, B, I, J, Eratigena balearica; C, D, K, L, R, Eratigena inermis; E, F, M–Q, Eratigena vomeroi; G, H, Eratigena picta. Male left palp in ventral (A, C, E) and retrolateral views (B, D, F); epigyne in ventral (G, I, K, M) and vulva in dorsal view (H, J, L, N); carapace (O) and abdomen (Q) in dorsal view, sternum in ventral view (P, R). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Figure 20. A–I in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 20. A–I, Tegenaria silvestris, variation in males and females (F–I); J-M, Tegenaria parvula; N, S-V, Tegenaria henroti; O-R, Tegenaria eleonorae; W-Z, Tegenaria pindosiensis sp. nov. Left male palp in ventral (A, F, J, O, S) and retrolateral views (B, G, K, P, T); epigyne in ventral (C, H, L, Q, U, W) and vulva in dorsal (D, I, M, R, V, X) and lateral views (E); female habitus (N) and abdomen in dorsal view (Z); sternum in ventral view (Y). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (except 1 mm for N).

Figure 18. A–C in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 18. A–C, Tegenaria domestica; D-F, Tegenaria carensis; G, H, Tegenaria argaeica (female paratype); I-M, Tegenaria circeoensis sp. nov.; N-Q, Tegenaria parmenidis; R, S, Tegenaria sbordonii. Left male palp in ventral (A, D, I, N, R), retrolateral (E, J, O, S), and dorsal views (K); epigyne in ventral (B, G, L, P) and vulva in dorsal view (C, F, H, M, Q).

Figure 15. A, B in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 15. A, B, Tegenaria achaea; C-F, Tegenaria argaeica; G-J, Tegenaria armigera; K, L, O-Q, Tegenaria dalmatica; M, N, Tegenaria hasperi; R-U, Tegenaria annulata; and V, X, Tegenaria schoenhoferi sp. nov. Left male palp in lateral (C, H, L, U, W), and ventral views (D, G, K, T, V); epigyne in ventral (A, E, I, M, O, R) and vulva in dorsal view (B, F, J, N, P, S); comparison of vulva of small and large 'forms' of Teg. armigera (J); Prosoma in frontal view (Q), abdomen in dorsal view (X). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (epigyne and vulva of Teg. argaeica, E–F without scale; photos from syntype taken with digital camera through the oculars).

Figure 5 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 5. Combined mtDNA data (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1) Bayesian tree. Posterior probabilities of clades are expressed in percentages and given above branches. Clade support (> 50) from the resampling method (jack-knife, 1000 replications) based on parsimony analysis with implied weighting (K = 10) is given below the branches. Abbreviations: AT, Austria; BG, Bulgaria; CH, Switzerland; DE, Germany; FR, France; GR, Greece; IT, Italy; PT, Portugal; US, United States.

Figure 4 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 4. Combined DNA data (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1, and 28S) Bayesian tree. Posterior probabilities of clades are expressed in percentages and given above branches. Clade support (> 50) from the resampling method (jack-knife, 1000 replications) based on parsimony analysis with implied weighting (K = 10) is given below the branches. Abbreviations: AT, Austria; BE, Belgium; BG, Bulgaria; CH, Switzerland; DE, Germany; ES, Spain; FR, France; GR, Greece; IT, Italy; PT, Portugal; SE, Sweden; US, United States. ·

Figure 2 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 2. Microscope and scanning electron microscopy pictures of character details. Plumose hairs (A) and claws (B) on tarsus I of Tegenaria dalmatica; C, embolus tip of Tegenaria ferruginea; D, male palp of Tegenaria dalmatica in ventroretrolateral view; E, retrolateral tibial apophysis in retrolateral view of Tegenaria ferruginea; F, epigyne in ventral view of Tegenaria domestica; G, long and dark spikes on the anal tubercle of Agelena labyrinthica; H, face and chelicerae, frontal view; I, cheliceral margins with teeth, ventral view; and J, sternum, ventral view, of female Eratigena atrica. Abbreviations: BT, basal portion of tegulum; C, conductor; CO, copulatory opening; CON, connection of tegulum and conductor; DB, dorsal branch; DC, distal portion of conductor; DP, dorsal part of terminal end of conductor; E, embolus; EP, epigynal plate; LB, lateral branch; LM, lateral margin of median region; MA, median apophysis; MC, lateral margin of conductor (here entirely folded); MP, median plate; MR, median region; PS, posterior sclerite (here bar- or band like); PT, 'pseudo teeth'; TEC, terminal end of conductor (here bifid); VB, ventral branch; VP, ventral part of terminal end of conductor. Scale bars for F–J = 0.5 mm.

Figure 3 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 3. Most parsimonious strict consensus tree based on morphological data with equal character weights. Branch support is indicated by jack-knife values (1000 pseudoreplicates)/Bremer support at the nodes. Analysis with implied weighting (K = 10) resulted in additional supported clades (jack-knife support): Tegenaria mercanturensis + Tegenaria mirifica (69), Tegenaria montana + Tegenaria rilaensis (52), Tegenaria parvula + Tegenaria silvestris (55). Black dots indicate apomorpies, white dots indicate homoplasies. Numbers above the dots correspond to the character number, numbers below the dots to the character state.

Figure 1 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 1. Scanning electron microscopy pictures of spinnerets of female and other structures. A–D, Tegenaria domestica; E, F, Tegenaria parietina; G, H, Tegenaria dalmatica; I, Eratigena agrestis; J, Eratigena atrica; K, Aterigena ligurica; L-N, Malthonica lusithanica; O, Allagelena gracilens. A, L, overview; B, D, F, I, K, N, PMS; E, H, J, ALS; M, distal segment of PLS; C, G, colulus; O, tarsal trichobothrium. Abbreviations: ALS, anterior lateral spinnerets; CGS, cylindrical gland spigot; COL, colulus; mAS, minor ampullate gland spigot; MAS, major ampullate gland spigot; N, nubbin; PGS, piriform gland spigots; PLS, posterior lateral spinnerets; PMS, posterior median spinnerets; T, tartipore; TS, tracheal stigma.

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Figure 3 in The first comprehensive, multigene molecular phylogeny for big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae)

Figure 3. Bayesian phylogeny. Numbers on nodes refer to posterior probabilities. Specimen identifiers are included with species names for repeatability. The yellow block includes Nephrocerinae and Protonephrocerinae. Pink is Chalarinae. Blue is Microcephalopsini (part of Pipunculinae). Blue-green is Pipunculini (Pipunculinae). Green (continued from tree on left) is Tomosvaryellini (Pipunculinae). Red dots indicate paraphyly.

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Figure 2 in The first comprehensive, multigene molecular phylogeny for big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae)

Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny. Numbers on nodes are bootstrap supports based on 1000 replicates. Specimen identifiers are included with species names for repeatability.The yellow block includes Nephrocerinae and Protonephrocerinae. Pink is Chalarinae. Blue is Microcephalopsini (part of Pipunculinae). Blue-green is Pipunculini (Pipunculinae). Green (continued from tree on left) is Tomosvaryellini (Pipunculinae). Red dots indicate paraphyly.

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Figure 1. Pipunculidae diversity. A in The first comprehensive, multigene molecular phylogeny for big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae)

Figure 1. Pipunculidae diversity. A, Chalarus sp. (Fergus, Ontario, Canada, photo by S. A. Marshall); B, Eudorylas sp. (photo by S. A. Marshall); C, Tomosvaryella sp. (South-west Research Station, Arizona, USA, photo by S. A. Marshall); D, undescribed genus (debu00179321, photo by S. A. Marshall); E, Nephrocerus acanthostylus Skevington, 2005 (Mount Rigaud, Quebec, Canada, photo by J. H. Skevington); F, Protonephrocerus flavipilus (Chile; illustration by J. Hsuing); G, Microcephalops sp. (Singapore, photo by R. Meier).

Figure 5 in Molecular phylogeny, systematics and generic classification of the butterfly subfamily Trapezitinae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Hesperiidae)

Figure 5. Pupal cap of Atkinsia dominula comb. nov.: A, anterior view; B, ventral view; and C, lateral view.

Figure 4 in Molecular phylogeny, systematics and generic classification of the butterfly subfamily Trapezitinae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Hesperiidae)

Figure 4. Wing venation of male Atkinsia dominula comb. nov.: A, forewing, showing sex-brand; and B, hindwing.

Figure 3 in Molecular phylogeny, systematics and generic classification of the butterfly subfamily Trapezitinae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Hesperiidae)

Figure 3. Female genitalia of Atkinsia dominula comb. nov. from the northern and southern ends of its geographical range: A, ventral view, Barrington Tops, NSW, Australia; and B, ventral view, Great Lake, TAS, Australia.

Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny, systematics and generic classification of the butterfly subfamily Trapezitinae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Hesperiidae)

Figure 2. Male genitalia of Atkinsia dominula comb. nov. from the northern and southern ends of its geographical range: A, lateral view with left valva removed, Deervale, NSW, Australia; B, external view of left valva, Deervale, NSW, Australia; C, lateral view with left valva removed, Great Lake, TAS, Australia; and D, external view of left valva, Great Lake, TAS, Australia.

Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny, systematics and generic classification of the butterfly subfamily Trapezitinae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Hesperiidae)

Figure 1. Maximum likelihood molecular phylogeny of the Trapezitinae inferred using a concatenated dataset of five loci (one mitochondrial and four nuclear). Branch support is given according to the embedded key. Taxa for which taxonomic changes are proposed in the present study are highlighted in purple. Photographs of specimens in situ are presented on the right side of the figure, and illustrated species are labelled with a small asterisk (ordered from top to bottom). Photograph credits: Hesperilla ornata © Michael Jefferies; Anisynta dominula © John Tann; Trapezites iacchoides © Steven Brown; Rachelia icosia © C.J.M.; all others are by M.F.B.