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1,369 results for “sexual dimorphism”
Figure 5 in Multiple 2D approaches to human sexual dimorphism of the distal end of femur
Figure 5. Distribution of ages. A. Total sample distribution of ages. B. Females. C. Males. Ages ranged from 33 to 97, and were equally distributed in males and females.
Data for: Predation risk and the evolution of a vertebrate stress response: parallel evolution of stress reactivity and sexual dimorphism
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Predation risk is often invoked to explain variation in stress responses. Yet, the answers to several key questions remain elusive, including: 1) how predation risk influences the evolution of stress phenotypes, 2) the relative importance of environmental versus genetic factors in stress reactivity, and 3) sexual dimorphism in stress physiology. To address these questions, we </span></span>explored variation in stress reactivity (ventilation frequency) in a post-Pleistocene radiation of live-bearing fish, where Bahamas mosquitofish (<i>Gambusia hubbsi</i>) inhabit isolated blue holes that differ in predation risk. Individuals of populations coexisting with predators exhibited similar, relatively low stress reactivity as compared to low-predation populations. We suggest that this dampened stress reactivity has evolved to reduce energy expenditure in environments with frequent and intense stressors, such as piscivorous fish. Importantly, the magnitude of stress responses exhibited by fish from high-predation sites in the wild changed very little after two generations of laboratory rearing in the absence of predators. By comparison, low-predation populations exhibited greater among-population variation and larger changes subsequent to laboratory rearing. These low-predation populations appear to have evolved more dampened stress responses in blue holes with lower food availability. Moreover, females showed a lower ventilation frequency, and this sexual dimorphism was stronger in high-predation populations. This may reflect a greater premium placed on energy efficiency in live-bearing females, especially under high predation risk where females show higher fecundities. Altogether, by demonstrating parallel adaptive divergence in stress reactivity, we highlight how energetic trade-offs may mould the evolution of the vertebrate stress response under varying predation risk and resource availability.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Figure 1 in Postembryonic development, paedomorphosis, secondary sexual dimorphism and population structure of a new Florarctus species (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada)
Figure 1. Developmental stages of the new Florarctus species, males and females.
Figure 8. Fig. 7 in Phylogenetic analysis of Micrathena and Chaetacis spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) reveals multiple origins of extreme sexual size dimorphism and long abdominal spines
Figure 8. Fig. 7 continued. Scale bar = 2.0 mm.
Figure 9. Fig. 8 in Phylogenetic analysis of Micrathena and Chaetacis spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) reveals multiple origins of extreme sexual size dimorphism and long abdominal spines
Figure 9. Fig. 8 continued. Scale bar = 2.0 mm.
Figure 8 in Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Figure 8. Convexity of brochosome pellets (height/width ratio of pellets in posterior view) plotted against elongatedness of egg brochosomes (length/width ratio). Each point represents an individual female specimen in which brochosome pellets (N = 2) and brochosomes (N> 30, see Appendix 2) were measured. Horizontal and vertical bars represent 1 SE around the mean values. Dashed line encircles species displaying no conspicuous setation in the pellet area of the forewing. Numbers refer to species, as follows: (1) Tapajosa ocellata; (2) Oncometopia alpha; (3) Homalodisca liturata; (4) Egidemia fowleri; (5) Pamplona sp. 1; (6) Cuerna arida; (7) Cuerna obtusa; (8) Dichrophleps sp. 1; (9) Dichrophleps despecta; (10) Homalodisca insolita; (11–16) Oncometopia clarior; (17) Molomea virescens; (18) Egidemia paranceps; (19) Homalodisca ignorata; (20– 24) Oncometopia orbona; (25) Oncometopia venosula; (26) Oncometopia sp. 2; (27) Homalodisca ichthyocephala; (28) Oncometopia rubescens; (29) Homalodisca coagulata; (30) Pseudophera sp.; (31) Oncometopia sp. 1; (32) Pseudophera contraria; (33) Acrogonia sp. 1; (34) Acrogonia sp. 2; (35) Acrogonia flagellata; (36) Acrogonia sp. 4.
Figure 7 in Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Figure 7. Continued. (N) Oncometopia orbona. (N1) same, close-up. (O) Oncometopia facialis. (P) Oncometopia sp. 1. (Q) Oncometopia alpha. (R) New Genus P. (S) Tapajosa spinata. (T) Molomea consolida. (U) Molomea virescens. (V) Acrogonia flagellata. (V1) same, close-up. (W) Acrogonia sp. 2. (X) Acrogonia sp. 1. Cicadellini: (Y) Pamplona spatulata. Phereurhinini: (Z) Dayoungia virescens. Scale bars: 1 Mm.
Figure 9 in Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Figure 9. Specialization and sexual dimorphism in the forewing setation of Proconiini. Each seta is represented by a circular spot: blue for regular acute setae (blue circular inset) and red for specialized capitate setae (red circular inset). Diameter of each spot equals the length of the seta. Non-powdering species: (A) Paraulacizes irrorata, male. (B) same, female. (C) Homalodisca elongata, male. (D) same, female. Powdering species: (E) Molomea virescens, male. (F) same, female. (G) Oncometopia orbona, male. (H) same, female. (I) Homalodisca coagulata, male. (J) same, female. (K) Homalodisca ignorata, male. (L) same, female. (M) Acrogonia virescens, male. (N) same, female. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Fig. 1 in Brachyhypopomus draco, a new sexually dimorphic species of Neotropical electric fish from southern South America (Gymnotiformes: Hypopomidae)
Fig. 1. Holotype (MCP 41540, male, 137.3 mm LEA, above) and paratype (MCP 41537, female, 108.4 mm LEA, below) of Brachyhypopomus draco, from Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Data files from: Host plant association, calling activity and sexual dimorphism in an Indian weta
<p>Both sexes of Indian weta <i>Gryllacropsis</i> sp. communicate acoustically. Females lack an external ovipositor making it difficult to differentiate between the sexes in the field. There is limited ecological information on the species as it is found high up on the trunks of evergreen trees, well camouflaged and active only at night. The present study was conducted to gain ecological information on this little known yet intriguing species. We tested the hypotheses that 1) calling activity of Indian weta is uniformly distributed throughout the year and 2) there is no difference in morphometric measurements between the sexes. The study was conducted in Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary and Mollem National Park, Goa, India. Visual scanning of tree trunks followed by vegetation sampling, psychoacoustic sampling and morphometric analyses were carried out. Resource selection function values, obtained for a total of 52 tree species from 1984 individuals, were less than 0.1 for all plant species indicating no preference by the wetas. Peak calling activity was observed in the month of November <span>(Rayleigh's Test, Z = 7.90, p< 0.01)</span>. Discriminant Function Analysis on morphometric characters of males and females (Wilk's lambda= 0.32 approx. F (4, 21) =11.24 p< .0001, classification accuracy= 96.15 %) provided clear distinction between males and females. Contribution of body weight was significant (Standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients = +1) and could be used for identification of sexes in the field. These polyphagous insects provide insights on understanding ecological specialization due to host plant association, signal evolution and mating behavior.</p>
Figure 1 in Bundoksia gen. nov. (Dictyoptera: Blattodea: Blattidae), a new sexually dimorphic cockroach from the Philippines
Figure 1. Distribution of Bundoksia gen. nov. in the Philippines.
FIGURE 47 in Neotropical Physoderinae revisited, with description of a new, sexually dimorphic species of Leptophysoderes Weirauch (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
FIGURE 47. Map showing known localities of Neotropical Physoderinae.
Figure 15 from: Menzel L (2011) First descriptions of copepodid stages, sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variability of Mesocletodes Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Argestidae), including the description of a new species with broad abyssal distribution. ZooKeys 96: 39-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.1496
Figure 15 - Schematic showing the A1 segmentation and setation of both genders and different copepodid stages of Mesocletodes elmari sp. n. A adult female and CV female B adult male C CV male D CIV male E CIII. Crosshatched segments are considered to be missing or not formed. Solid triangles: sexually dimorphically modified setae, solid squares=setae added at the molt to CV male, solid asterisks=characteristic Mesocletodes seta and the subterminal seta in segment 2 in CV and adults. Arrow marks geniculation.
Figure 2 from: Menzel L (2011) First descriptions of copepodid stages, sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variability of Mesocletodes Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Argestidae), including the description of a new species with broad abyssal distribution. ZooKeys 96: 39-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.1496
Figure 2 - Mesocletodes elmari sp. n., adult female, paratype 2. CLSM photograph of a Congo-red stained specimen, lateral view. Scale bar: 100 µm
Figure 13 from: Menzel L (2011) First descriptions of copepodid stages, sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variability of Mesocletodes Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Argestidae), including the description of a new species with broad abyssal distribution. ZooKeys 96: 39-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.1496
Figure 13 - Mesocletodes elmari sp. n., CIV male paratype 5. A P1 B P2 C P3 D P4. Missing setae indicated by arrows. Scale bars: 50 µm.
Figure 10 from: Menzel L (2011) First descriptions of copepodid stages, sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variability of Mesocletodes Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Argestidae), including the description of a new species with broad abyssal distribution. ZooKeys 96: 39-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.1496
Figure 10 - Mesocletodes elmari sp. n. A adult male paratype 1, A1 dorsal view B CV male paratype 4, A1 dorsal view, minute setae on third segment highlighted by solid squares. Asterisks mark the 2 setae occurring in CV. Missing setae indicated by arrows. Scale bar: 50 µm.
Figure 1 from: Menzel L (2011) First descriptions of copepodid stages, sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variability of Mesocletodes Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Argestidae), including the description of a new species with broad abyssal distribution. ZooKeys 96: 39-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.1496
Figure 1 - Positions of the sampled stations containing the species studied. 1 NODINAUT 2 ANDEEP 3 CROZEX 4 DIVA 5 GMB 6 PAP.
Figure 11 from: Menzel L (2011) First descriptions of copepodid stages, sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variability of Mesocletodes Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Argestidae), including the description of a new species with broad abyssal distribution. ZooKeys 96: 39-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.1496
Figure 11 - Mesocletodes elmari sp. n., adult male paratype 1. A P1 B P2 C P3 D P4. Missing setae indicated by arrows. Scale bars: 50 µm.
Figure 6 from: Menzel L (2011) First descriptions of copepodid stages, sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variability of Mesocletodes Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Argestidae), including the description of a new species with broad abyssal distribution. ZooKeys 96: 39-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.1496
Figure 6 - Mesocletodes elmari sp. n., adult female, holotype. A P1, tube pores indicated by arrows B P2. Scale bars: 50 µm
Figure 4 from: Menzel L (2011) First descriptions of copepodid stages, sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variability of Mesocletodes Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Argestidae), including the description of a new species with broad abyssal distribution. ZooKeys 96: 39-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.1496
Figure 4 - Mesocletodes elmari sp. n., adult female. A A1, holotype, dorsal view. Missing setae indicated by arrows. Asterisks mark the 2 setae presumably occurring in CV. A' second A1 segment, paratype 2, ventral view, arrow indicates characteristic protrusion with seta B A2 holotype. Scale bars: 50 μm
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.