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Fig. 119 in El género Lagria Fabricius, 1775 en la Península Ibérica. El embrollo de Lagria hirta (Linnaeus, 1758), sus sinonimias y su composición. (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Lagriini).

Fig. 119.- Lagria atripes, Francia, Pirineos Orientales, hembra. Fig. 120.- Lagria grenieri, España, Albacete, macho. Fig. 121.- Lagria puncticollis, España, Zaragoza, macho. Fig. 122.- Lagria puncticollis, España, Zaragoza, macho.

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Fig. 3 in The Genome of the Blue Death-Feigning Beetle, Asbolus verrucosus Leconte, 1851 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Fig. 3. Proposed death-feigning pathway genes and their normal functions. A) ATP is required for sustained muscle contractions used to maintain tonic immobility. ATP is generated in all cells; however, the fat body is where the majority of energy storage is considered to take place in the form of glycogen and triacylglycerol. Gyg2 initiates glycogen storage. Glucose may be transported to hemolymph or converted into trehalose. Trehalose is converted back to glucose after traveling through hemolymph and before entering target cells to be used in generating ATP. Triacylglycerol is catabolized by Lipase3 into long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and diacylglycerol which can be transported to target cells, or diacylglycerol may be converted to glucose through a phosphoglycerate intermediate. Lipase in target cells catabolizes diacylglycerol into LCFA that undergo beta oxidation in the peroxisomes and mitochondria to form ATP. Pex12 is a peroxisomal membrane protein that participates in peroxisome biogenesis. B) Nif3L1 promotes stem cell differentiation into neurons. Dis3L2 is required to rebuild the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) during metamorphosis by regulating the expression of let-7 microRNAs in stem cells. Megf8 is required at the neuromuscular junction to promote its formation. Through the interaction of its PDZ domains with the C-termini of its partners, an InaD serves to anchor G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and Atp13A3. Signaling mediated by a kinin-like peptide through the GPCR may facilitate signals for acetylcholine release. The polyamines transported into the cytoplasm through Atp13A3 could block the function of ion channels (Ca, Na, BK, Kir, CNG, NMDA, and nAChr). Agrin promotes post-synaptic aggregation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) which transduce signals for muscle contraction. Esyt2 shunts presynaptic calcium to the ER, reducing cytoplasmic calcium levels that would slow synaptic vesicle recycling. Perturbations of these proteins may attenuate fast excitatory signals at NMJ that depend on nAChR.

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Fig. 1. Testicular chromosome spreads for Asbolus verrucosus. A in The Genome of the Blue Death-Feigning Beetle, Asbolus verrucosus Leconte, 1851 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Fig. 1. Testicular chromosome spreads for Asbolus verrucosus. A) Metaphase I bivalents with the sex chromosome pair (Xy) and the two largest autosomes labeled (1 and 2), B, C) Metaphase II chromosomes from cells possessing each type of sex chromosome. Scale bar is 5 μm.

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Fig. 2 in The Genome of the Blue Death-Feigning Beetle, Asbolus verrucosus Leconte, 1851 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Fig. 2. Analyses of the genome and proteome of Asbolus verrucosus. A) Relative chromosome length measurements for bivalents in testicular metaphase I spreads (n = 10), B) Genome size estimates for Zophobas morio and A. verrucosus based on comparison of nuclear areas against those of Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor was set to an average of 513 Mbp), C) Depth of coverage histogram for contigs. The total length for contigs having 10–40-fold coverage (likely haploid) was 72.8 Mbp and the total length for contigs having 50–80-fold coverage (likely diploid) was 151.3 Mbp, D) Comparison of pfam domain types identified in three beetle proteomes, E) Alignment of a portion of the Sirt6 homologs from mouse (Mus musculus; short life span), beetle (A. verrucosus; long life span), and beaver (Castor canadensis; long life span). Amino acids highlighted in the beaver (red) are known to promote longevity in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster compared to those in mouse. Identical longevity-associated amino acids in A. verrucosus are also highlighted.

Fig. 1 in Reflex Bleeding in Tonically Immobilized Larvae Causes Debris-Based Camouflage in the Blue Death-Feigning Beetle, Asbolus verrucosus LeConte (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Fig. 1. Selected developmental measurements of Asbolus verrucosus. A) Histogram of the number of eggs hatching at ambient temperature based on number of days after collection (n = 199), B) Head capsule widths for larvae, C) Time to pupation (circles, n = 12) or eclosion (diamonds, n = 11) for mature larvae transferred to 88 °F at different ages, D) Time required to induce pupation (circles, n = 12) or eclosion (diamonds, n = 11) after mature larvae were transferred to 88 °F at different ages.

Fig. 3 in Reflex Bleeding in Tonically Immobilized Larvae Causes Debris-Based Camouflage in the Blue Death-Feigning Beetle, Asbolus verrucosus LeConte (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Fig. 3. Death feigning in Asbolus verrucosus. A) Adult beetle feigning death, B) Survival analysis of adult death feigning (n = 24), C) Larva feigning death, D) Survival analysis of larval death feigning (n = 32). Scale bars: 1 cm.

Fig. 2 in Reflex Bleeding in Tonically Immobilized Larvae Causes Debris-Based Camouflage in the Blue Death-Feigning Beetle, Asbolus verrucosus LeConte (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Fig. 2. Captive-bred Asbolus verrucosus pupae and adults. A) Ventral view of a pupa, B) Lateral view of a pupa, C) Dorsal view of a newly eclosed adult, D) Rugose elytra inside elytral sheath from a preserved specimen, E) Tergite with setae from a preserved specimen, F) Setae near urogomphi, G–I) Teneral adults at increasing ages. Scales for top and bottom rows are 5 mm and 0.5 mm for the middle row.

Fig. 4 in Reflex Bleeding in Tonically Immobilized Larvae Causes Debris-Based Camouflage in the Blue Death-Feigning Beetle, Asbolus verrucosus LeConte (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Fig. 4. Reflex bleeding in Asbolus verrucosus. A) Two recently exhumed larvae feigning death. The larva on the top (arrow) bled and was obscured by debris, B) Exudate (arrows) originating from regions proximal to the second abdominal sternite, C) Micrograph of the exudate (differential interference contrast image merged with DAPI stained image) revealed hemocytes were present, D) Abdominal pleuron near second sternite in a larva prior to reflex bleeding (arrow indicates site where larva bled), E) Same larva as in (D), showing melanization at the site about 10 minutes after bleeding. Scales in A and B are 1 cm, C is 5 mm, D and E are 0.1 cm.

Fig. 16 in Illustrated Catalog of the Subtribe Helopinina Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Pedinini)

Fig. 16. Type specimens of species representing the genus Nicandra. A) Subgenus Nicandra: A) N. sinuatipes. B–C) Subgenus Oncotopsis: B) N. distincta, C) N. spinimanus.

Fig. 15 in Illustrated Catalog of the Subtribe Helopinina Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Pedinini)

Fig. 15. Type specimens of species representing the genus Nicandra subgenus Nicandra. A) N. desertica, B) N. emyonopus, C) N. minoroides, D) N. namaquensis, E) N. pofadderensis, F) N. scabrosus.

Fig. 14 in Illustrated Catalog of the Subtribe Helopinina Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Pedinini)

Fig. 14. Type specimens of species representing the genus Nicandra subgenus Heteronicandra. A) N. brincki, B) N. dentimana, C) N. quadricollis, D) N. rudebeki, E) N. serripes.

Fig. 17 in Illustrated Catalog of the Subtribe Helopinina Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Pedinini)

Fig. 17. Type specimens of species representing the genus Psectes. A) P. bechuanus, B) P. hereroensis, C) P. kaokoanus, D) P. porti, E) P. transvaalensis, F) P. criberrimus.

Fig. 13 in Illustrated Catalog of the Subtribe Helopinina Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Pedinini)

Fig. 13. Type specimens of species representing the genus Nicandra subgenus Calous. A) N. granicosta, B) N. hobohmi, C) N. okahandia, D) N. variabilis.

Fig. 8 in Illustrated Catalog of the Subtribe Helopinina Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Pedinini)

Fig. 8. Type specimens of species representing the genus Diestecopus. A) D. arenicola, B) D. bechuanus, C) D. ctichus, D) D. histrio, E) D. martinsi, F) D. namaqua.

Fig. 4 in Illustrated Catalog of the Subtribe Helopinina Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Pedinini)

Fig. 4. Overview of the Helopinina material deposited at Ditsong Museum (Pretoria, South Africa). Selected drawers with identified material (top left), exemplar drawer with undescribed yet designated as new ("in litt.") species of helopinine beetles.

Fig. 3 in Illustrated Catalog of the Subtribe Helopinina Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Pedinini)

Fig. 3. Morphological diversity of Helopinina and their resemblance to some distantly related darkling beetle tribes.

Fig. 7 in Illustrated Catalog of the Subtribe Helopinina Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Pedinini)

Fig. 7. Type specimens of species representing the genus Blastarnodes. A) B. herero, B) B. carpi, C) B. gebieni borgesi, D) B. gebieni gebieni, E) B. zoutpansbergianus.

Fig. 1 in Illustrated Catalog of the Subtribe Helopinina Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Pedinini)

Fig. 1. Conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses of the tribe Pedinini (for details see KamiŃski et al. 2019a).A) Preferred topology obtained with inclusion of sequences originating from a museum specimen of Loensus Lucas (Pedinina), B) Rejected topology rendering Helopinina paraphyletic with regard to Leichenina. An asterisk indicates either Bayesian posterior probability of 1.0 (above) or maximum likelihood bootstrap percentage of 100% boot support (below) of a particular clade.

Fig. 10 in Illustrated Catalog of the Subtribe Helopinina Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Pedinini)

Fig. 10. Type specimens of species representing the genus Drosochrus. A–C) Subgenus Drosochrus: A) D. collaris, B) D. crenulatus laevicostatus, C) D. kalahariensis. D–F) Subgenus Desertosochrus: D) D. externus, E) D. piligaster, F) D. labuschagnei.

Fig. 2 in Illustrated Catalog of the Subtribe Helopinina Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Pedinini)

Fig. 2. Taxonomic diversity of the subtribe Helopinina and summary of collections and descriptors. A) Species and subspecies diversity of the genera, B) Authors of species and subspecies descriptions, C) Entomological collections hosting the primary types of the species and subspecies representing Helopinina.