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Fig. 11 in Biogeography, ecology, acoustics and chromosomes of East African Eurycorypha Stål species (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae) with the description of new species

Fig. 11 Female abdominal apices of Eurycorypha species. a, b Eurycorypha punctipennis Chopard, lateral view on ovipositor (a), ventral view on subgenital plate (b). c, d Eurycorypha resonans n. sp., lateral view on ovipositor (c), ventral view on subgenital plate (d). e, f Eurycorypha conclusa n. sp, lateral view on ovipositor (e), ventral view on subgenital plate (f)

Fig. 13 East African Eurycorypha species. a–c in Biogeography, ecology, acoustics and chromosomes of East African Eurycorypha Stål species (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae) with the description of new species

Fig. 13 East African Eurycorypha species. a–c Eurycorypha meruensis Sjöstedt, southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, 1430 m, banana–coffee plantation, male (a) and female (b), male nymph, fifth instar (c). d–f E. varia Brunner von Wattenwyl, southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, 1710 m, lower border of montane forest, male (d), female (e), female nymph, fifth instar (f)

Fig. 12 in Biogeography, ecology, acoustics and chromosomes of East African Eurycorypha Stål species (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae) with the description of new species

Fig. 12 Nymphs of Eurycorypha species. a Ant-like stage of cf. E. combretoides n. sp. (third instar), savanna bushland, East Kilimanjaro. b Nymph of E. varia Brunner von Wattenwyl (probably fourth instar), southern slopes of Kilimanjaro, forest edge above Kidia, 1700 m

Fig. 9 East African Eurycorypha species. a in Biogeography, ecology, acoustics and chromosomes of East African Eurycorypha Stål species (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae) with the description of new species

Fig. 9 East African Eurycorypha species. a Eurycorypha punctipennis Chopard, male, Msaranga valley, southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. b Eurycorypha punctipennis Chopard, female, same locality as male. c Eurycorypha resonans n. sp., male, banana–coffee plantation, village Mahoma, southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. d Eurycorypha resonans n. sp., female, same locality as male. e Eurycorypha combretoides n. sp., male, Chala area, savanna, East Kilimanjaro. f Ant- mimiking male nymph of E. combretoides n. sp. (fourth instar), collected on a bush of Maytenus senegalensis at eastern savanna area of Mount Kilimanjaro and reared to adult

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Fig. 2 in Flowering phenology of co-occurring Asteraceae: a matter of climate, ecological interactions, plant attributes or of evolutionary relationships among species?

Fig. 2 Number of Asteraceae species growing in Chaco Serrano forests of La Serranita-Los Aromos that bear flowers during each month of the year; for calculation, see text in Material and methods Section

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Fig. 1 in Flowering phenology of co-occurring Asteraceae: a matter of climate, ecological interactions, plant attributes or of evolutionary relationships among species?

Fig. 1 Diagram of phylogenetic relationships between Asteraceae taxa studied in this work (adapted from Panero and Crozier 2008; Panero and Funk 2008)

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Fig. 4 in Flowering phenology of co-occurring Asteraceae: a matter of climate, ecological interactions, plant attributes or of evolutionary relationships among species?

Fig. 4 Plot of PCA scores for 43 co-occurring Asteraceae species in Chaco Serrano forests of La Serranita-Los Aromos, showing first two principal component axes from analysis of flowering phenology considering plant traits and taxonomic membership. Vectors corre-

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Fig. 9 Lunidia viridis n. gen. n in A new genus and species of African Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with data on its ecology, bioacoustics and chromosomes

Fig. 9 Lunidia viridis n. gen. n. sp., chromosomes. (a, b) C-banding staining of male complement, mitotic metaphase (a) and diakinesis (b), with terminal C-bands in L2. (c) Silver nitrate staining at diplotene, NOR detected in telomeric region of L2. (d, e). FISH on male chromosome using both 18S rDNA (arrow) and telomeric DNA

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Fig. 5 Lunidia viridis n. gen. n in A new genus and species of African Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with data on its ecology, bioacoustics and chromosomes

Fig. 5 Lunidia viridis n. gen. n. sp., female. Arrow: veins R and Sc of fore wing continued in visible part of hind wing, thus resembling mid-vein of a leaf

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Fig. 2 in Pauesia species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) attacking Eulachnini aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae) on coniferous plants in Lithuania: ecological and mitochondrial COI diversity

Fig. 2 Haplotype networks of Pauesia species attacking Eulachnini aphids in Lithuania based on partial COI fragment

Fig. 7 in Ecological and spatial patterns associated with diversification of South American Physaria (Brassicaceae) through the general concept of species

Fig. 7 Climatic niche comparisons along the environmental space using hypervolumes for delimited lineages of South American Physamia. (a–c) Hypervolumes (point density and alpha-hull contour boundary) for delimited lineages of South American Physamia representing their climatic niches, and estimated using the values extracted from the components of the PCA-env (first three components). (a) PCenv1 vs PCenv2. (b) PCenv1 vs PCenv3. (c) PCenv2 vs PCenv3. (d) Phylomorphospace plot showing niche position between delimited lineages obtained using centroid distances between each pair of hypervolumes and multidimensional scaling

Fig. 4 in Ecological and spatial patterns associated with diversification of South American Physaria (Brassicaceae) through the general concept of species

Fig. 4 Phylogenetic placement of sampled specimens of South American Physamia. (a–c) Maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree generated by Bayesian inference with BEAST 1.8.4. (a) nrITS dataset. (b) cpDNA dataset (tmnL-F/tmnH-psbA/tmnG intron/tmnS-tmnG). (c) Concatenated ITS + cpDNA datasets. (d) MCC tree estimated from ITS and cpDNA datasets using the multispecies coalescent method implemented in *BEAST v.1.8.4. The small circles on nodes indicate posterior probability (pp): black circles pp≥0.9, gray circles 0.9>pp≥0.7, white circles

Fig. 1 in Ecological and spatial patterns associated with diversification of South American Physaria (Brassicaceae) through the general concept of species

Fig. 1 Representatives of South American Physamia. a–c P. cmassistigma. a Plant with flowers. b Plant with fruits. c Detail of fruits. d–e P. latemalis. d Plant with flowers and fruits. e Detail of fruits. f–g P. mendocina. f Plant with flowers. g Plant with fruits. h–i P. pygmaea. h Plant with flowers and fruits. i Details of fruits. j–l P. umbaniana. j Plant with flowers. k Plant with fruits. l Detail of fruits. a–c from Salamiato et al.

Fig. 6 in Ecological and spatial patterns associated with diversification of South American Physaria (Brassicaceae) through the general concept of species

Fig. 6 Geographic and climatic niche distribution for delimited lineages of South American Physamia. (a) Maximum clade credibility (MCC) species tree estimated from ITS and cpDNA datasets using the multispecies coalescent method implemented in *BEAST 1.8.4 and the hypothesis of six independently evolving lineages. Numbers on branches correspond to posterior probability. (b) Geographic distribution of lineages: green,

Fig. 5 in Ecological and spatial patterns associated with diversification of South American Physaria (Brassicaceae) through the general concept of species

Fig. 5 Results of species delimitation analyses. (a) Results from GMYC (discovery approach), BPP, and BFD (validation approaches) plotted onto the MCC tree obtained with the concatenated ITS+cpDNA dataset. GMYC analyses were conducted using MCC trees obtained with nrITS, cpDNA, concatenated nrITS+cpDNA, and coalescence nrITS–cpDNA analyses. BPP analyses were conducted using six different combinations

Fig. 3 in Ecological and spatial patterns associated with diversification of South American Physaria (Brassicaceae) through the general concept of species

Fig. 3 Median-joining networks of a, nrITS dataset; b, cpDNA dataset (tmnLF, tmnH-psbA, tmnG intron, tmnS-tmnG spacer). Six morphologically defined species are distinguished by different colors: blue, P. cmassistigma; pink, P. latemalis; red, P. mendocina; black, P. okanensis; yellow, P. pygmaea; green: P. umbaniana. Intermediate (unobserved) haplotypes are distinguished by small gray circles. Circle sizes correspond to relative numbers of in- dividuals sharing a particular haplotype

FIG. 4 in Going with the Flow: Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Three Ecologically Divergent Darter Species

FIG. 4. Reduced major axis regression plots from the isolation by distance analysis for (A) Ammocrypta beanii, (B) Etheostoma swaini, and (C) Percina nigrofasciata.

FIG. 3 in Going with the Flow: Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Three Ecologically Divergent Darter Species

FIG. 3. Bar plots representing estimated genetic clusters (K) and individual probability estimates of cluster assignment (Q values) from program STRUCTURE for (A) A. beanii at K ¼ 5, (B) E. swaini at K ¼ 2, and (C) P. nigrofasciata at K ¼ 4. The most likely K value was estimated using the ad hoc DK statistic (Evanno et al., 2005).

FIG. 2 in Going with the Flow: Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Three Ecologically Divergent Darter Species

FIG. 2. Chart showing habitat characteristics of each darter species and predicted levels of gene flow between populations based on habitat variables. FST represents population differentiation, while AR represents allelic richness. Arrows pointing up indicate an increase, arrows pointing down a decrease, and horizontal arrows indicate moderate/intermediate levels. Illustrations were designed by Elizabeth Marchio (elizabeth. marchio@gmail.com; www.lizmarchio.com).

FIG. 1 in Going with the Flow: Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Three Ecologically Divergent Darter Species

FIG. 1. Map of Pearl River including sampling sites for the three darter species. Ammocrypta beanii, Etheostoma swaini, and Percina nigrofasciata are represented by circles, squares, and diamonds, respectively. Map was generated using ArcGIS ArcMap 10.