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5,200 results for “northern species”

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dryad36/100

Alignments and phylogenetic tree from: A new endemic species of Loasa ser. Macrospermae from northern Chile

Alignments used for the phylogenetic work and raw phylogenetic trees obtained. A new species of Loasa, endemic‌ ‌to‌ ‌the‌ ‌northern ‌Andes‌ ‌‌of‌ ‌Chile‌ is described and evaluated, under the IUCN criteria for conservation, as critically endangered. Molecular analyses based on plastid markers place the new species within the Loasa ser. Macrospermae, with high support, and specifically as sister to Loasa acerifolia. A key to and comparative plates including all the 13 known species of Loasa ser. Macrospermae, are provided.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Northern Nevada wildlife and topography: Camera trapping data set for 14 mammal species collected from 100 sampling sites in northwestern Nevada

Camera traps are one of the most common field techniques for surverying terrestrial mammal communities and thus, much work has gone into understanding how different factors influence species detection at camera trap locations. However, the effect of fine-scale topography, such as terrain slope and position, on wildlife detection has not been explicitly quantified despite strong effects of topography on animal movement in mountainous regions. This data set contains weekly detection non-detection data for 14 mammal species from 100 camera traps sites monitored for 28 months (June 2018 - September 2020) in northwestern Nevada, U.S.A. This sampling extent was split into 3 month sampling seasons, exclusive of winter (Dec, Jan, Feb) and spring 2020, when data were sparse. In addition to species detection data, that dataset includes topographic variables at cameras sites: 1) terrain slope, calculated in R package raster from a 10m digital elevation model and 2) Topographic position index averaged across three buffer sizes around points 270m, 810m, and 2430m. The land cover variables proportion mixed conifer and proportion pinyon-juniper woodland within a 5000m buffer of sites are also included. Both are derived from the USDA/US DOI Landfire 2016 dataset. The luring variable indicates whether attractant was applied at a site during a given week, the effect of which was assumed to last for a month after the last application.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

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Fig. ². Geographical distribution of 7KRWWHD EHXQJRQWDQRHK Mustaqim (.)NJ in Thottea beungongtanoeh (Aristolochiaceae), a new species Irom Aceh, northern Sumatra

Fig. ². Geographical distribution of 7KRWWHD EHXQJRQWDQRHK Mustaqim (.)NJ

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

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Data for: Ecological and evolutionary origin of Costus flammulus (Costaceae): A new species from the montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica

Costus flammulus is a new herbaceous species endemic to montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica. Costus flammulus has been mistaken for C. wilsonii, but phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that it is closely related to the widespread lowland species C. pulverulentus. Here, we used an integrated framework of species concepts to evaluate whether C. flammulus and C. pulverulentus are distinct species. First, we re-evaluate prior phylogenetic analyses to assess whether C. flammulus bifurcated from or budded off from within C. pulverulentus and whether C. flammulus is monophyletic. We then compare phenotypic traits to determine which diagnostic vegetative and inflorescence traits can be used to identify species in herbarium specimens and examine whether floral traits may confer floral isolation. We compare pollinator assemblages to examine whether pollinator specificity may contribute to reproductive isolation. Finally, we model species distributions and climatic niche overlap to assess ecogeographic isolation. We found that C. flammulus is a monophyletic species phenotypically, ecologically, and geographically distinct from C. pulverulentus and may have speciated as a peripheral isolate at the high elevation range edge of C. pulverulentus. Several lines of evidence, such as C. pulverulentus paraphyly, range size asymmetry, and C. flammulus' nested distribution and vegetative traits, suggest that C. flammulus budded off from a C. pulverulentus‐like progenitor species, evolving to tolerate a colder and more seasonal montane environment.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

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Data for: High focus on threatened species and habitats may undermine biodiversity conservation: evidence from the northern Baltic Sea

Conservation policies and environmental impact assessments commonly target threatened species and habitats. Nevertheless, macroecological research provides reasons why also common species should be considered. We investigate the consequences of focusing solely on legally protected species and habitats in a spatial conservation planning context using a comprehensive, benthic marine dataset from the northern Baltic Sea. Using spatial prioritization and surrogacy analysis, we show that the common approach in conservation planning, where legally listed threatened species and habitats are the focus of conservation efforts, could lead to poor outcomes for common species (and therefore biodiversity as a whole), allowing them to decline in the future. If conservation efforts were aimed solely at threatened species, common species would experience a loss of 62% coverage. In contrast, if conservation plans were based only on common species, threatened species would suffer a loss of 1%. Threatened species are rare and their ecological niches distinct, making them poor surrogates for biodiversity. The best results are achieved by unified planning for all species and habitats. The minimal step towards acknowledging common species in conservation planning would be the inclusion of the richness of common species, complemented by information on indicator species or species of high importance for ecosystem functioning. The trade-off between planning for rare and common species should be evaluated, to minimize losses to biodiversity.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data for: Tree species size class patterns portend compositional shifts and low resilience in managed northern hardwood forests

Declining biodiversity is a global challenge to sustainability and resilience of ecosystems facing multiple novel stressors, including climate change and invasive pests-pathogens. Northern hardwood forests (NHF) of the Great Lakes region have experienced declines in canopy tree diversity since European colonization, with current tree regeneration patterns in some areas suggesting perpetuation of this trend. However, regional (106 ha) patterns and possible causes are underexplored. To address this information gap, we used data from 141 managed NHF stands, Michigan, USA to examine diversity indices across tree size classes (seedling, sapling, and canopy); stand-level drivers of regeneration (seedling and sapling) diversity and individual species density; and patterns among species in relative abundances across size classes. Diversity was similar across size classes (mean asymptotic species richness of 6 – 7 species and <3 effective common species); however, some species contributing to sapling diversity are unlikely to contribute to future canopy diversity (Fraxinus americana and Fagus grandifolia, insect/pathogen limited; Ostrya virginiana, small maximum size). For the 11 most common species, conspecific canopy density (+, significant for 11 seedlings, 11 species) and stand basal area (-, saplings, 3 species) were the most consistent drivers of density, with less consistent effects for deer use, site quality, and substrate. Patterns of relative density by size class among the 18 species present on > 10 % of sites were consistent with theories of establishment or recruitment limitations due to deer browsing, deep shade, or limited suitable substrate. For seven species (including e.g., Tsuga canadensis, Betula alleghaniensis, Populus grandidentata, Tilia americana), relative abundance was lowest in the seedling layer and increased in larger size classes, suggesting seedling establishment substrate and/or early shade mortality limitations. For two species (Acer saccharum, Quercus rubra.), patterns of reduced sapling relative abundance compared to seedling or canopy strata suggests a sapling recruitment bottleneck from deer browsing/shade, whereas six species (e.g., Fagus grandifolia, Ostrya virginiana, Pinus strobus) had highest relative density for saplings suggesting sapling to canopy recruitment limitations. Lastly, seedlings were relatively most abundant for Acer rubrum and Prunus spp., indicating disproportionally high seedling establishment, if not sapling or canopy recruitment, and for F. Americana, consistent with recent pest-related canopy mortality. Our results suggest sustained low diversity and shifting composition are being driven by limited local seed availability, deep shading, limited seedling establishment substrate, and abundant deer. Management aimed at overcoming these specific limitations may be necessary to promote future NHF resilience.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

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Unmasking hidden genetic, vocal, and size variation in the Masked Flowerpiercer along the Andes supports two species separated by Northern Peruvian Low

Genetic divergence among isolated populations is not always reflected in phenotypic differentiation. We investigated the genetic and phenotypic differentiation in Diglossa cyanea (Thraupidae; Masked Flowerpiercer), a widely distributed species in the tropical Andes. We found strong evidence for two main lineages separated by the Marañón River valley in the Northern Peruvian Low (NPL). These two lineages show a deep sequence divergence in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; ~6.7% uncorrected p-distance, n = 122), spectral frequency and song structure (with exclusive final whistles in southern populations, n = 88), and wing length (the northern populations are smaller, n = 364). The two divergent D. cyanea mitochondrial lineages were not sister to each other, suggesting a possible paraphyly with respect to D. caerulescens (Bluish Flowerpiercer) that remains to be tested with nuclear genomic data. No genetic variation, size difference or song structure was observed within the extensive range of the southern group (from the NPL to central Bolivia) or within all sampled northern populations (from the NPL to Venezuela). These vocal differences appear to have consequences for song discrimination, and species recognition, according to a previously published playback experiment study. We propose that the southern taxon be elevated to species rank as D. melanopis, a monotypic species (with the proposed name Whistling Masked-Flowerpiercer). In turn, we provide a redefinition of D. cyanea (Warbling Masked-Flowerpiercer), which is now restricted to the northern half of the tropical Andes as a polytypic species with three subspecies (tovarensis, obscura, and cyanea). Based on our results, the subspecies dispar should be treated as a junior synonym of cyanea. Our study highlights the need to continue amassing complementary datasets from field observations, experiments, and collection-based assessments to better characterize the evolutionary history, biogeography, bioacoustics, and taxonomy of Neotropical montane birds.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Datasets of the paper: A new species of Pandanus-dwelling frog from northern Madagascar related to Guibemantis pulcher

Alignments, treefiles and table with all sequence metadata for phylogenetic analysis of the Guibemantis pulcher complex.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Aridity and soil fertility, not species richness, interact to affect temporal stability along a large natural gradient in Northern China

There is mounting evidence from experimental studies that drought and nutrient enrichment can interact to impact the biodiversity and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Whether such interactive effect influence plant diversity and the temporal stability of community productivity of natural ecosystems is unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, we combined a field survey of plant diversity and soil conditions with remote sensing temporal estimates of primary productivity in grasslands along a natural gradient in northern China. We found that aridity and soil ammonium (NH4+-N) interacted to influence temporal stability of NDVI. That is, the relationship between ammonium and temporal stability of NDVI shifted from positive to negative due to increased standard deviation of NDVI with increasing aridity. Species richness was not related to temporal stability because it influenced the mean and standard deviation of NDVI proportionally. As a result, soil fertility outweighed the contribution of species richness to temporal stability. Our study demonstrates the synergistic effect of aridity and soil fertility, but not species richness, on temporal stability along a large natural gradient. Predicting how environmental drivers affect diversity and the stable provisioning of ecosystem services in real-world ecosystems therefore requires a better understanding of the complex interactions among environmental drivers.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data and code from Pierson et al. "Revisiting a cryptic species complex: interspecific gene flow among woodland salamanders in the Blue Ridge Mountains of northern Georgia"

ABSTRACT The complex topography of mountainous landscapes can create biogeographic barriers and promote allopatric speciation—even among morphologically cryptic species. However, these biogeographic barriers are rarely permanent, and secondary contact between previously independently evolving populations may result in hybridization and introgression. Here, we use genome-wide SNP data to reexamine a classic example of cryptic species in the Appalachian Mountains: the slimy salamander (Plethodon glutinosus) species complex. This group of morphologically similar terrestrial salamanders includes 14 species with parapatric distributions across the eastern United States. In this study, we focused on the Chattahoochee Slimy Salamander in northern Georgia and used a series of complementary phylogenomic and population genomic analyses to evaluate spatial genetic structure within this species and demonstrate admixture with at least four other species of parapatric woodland salamanders. Our results highlight the utility of genomic data in clarifying species boundaries and underscore the difficulty of species delimitation in organisms with complex evolutionary histories.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

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Figure 11 in Description of three new species of dwarf Glossogobius from New Guinea and northern Australia

Figure 11. – Live individual from Timika area of Glossogobius pumilus. Photo G. Allen.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2017View details →

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Figure 9 in Description of three new species of dwarf Glossogobius from New Guinea and northern Australia

Figure 9. – Preserved holotype of Glossogobius pumilus, WAM P.27823-011, 32 mm SL male.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2017View details →

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Figure 8 in Description of three new species of dwarf Glossogobius from New Guinea and northern Australia

Figure 8. – Live individual from type locality of Glossogobius nanus. Photo M. Hammer.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2017View details →

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