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FIGURE 6. A in Caridina biyiga sp. nov., a new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda Atyidae) from Leichhardt Springs, Kakadu National Park, Australia, based on morphological and molecular data, with a preliminary illustrated key to Northern Territory Caridina

FIGURE 6. A, Google Earth image (2016) of Leichhardt Springs showing north and south arms, downstream confluence and the location of temperature sensors on the north arm (head and 160 m downstream); B, Seasonal, water temperature profiles for Leichhardt Springs (north arm: head and 160 m downstream) and Radon Springs, Kakadu NP.

FIGURE 4 in Caridina biyiga sp. nov., a new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda Atyidae) from Leichhardt Springs, Kakadu National Park, Australia, based on morphological and molecular data, with a preliminary illustrated key to Northern Territory Caridina

FIGURE 4. Caridina biyiga sp. nov. Paratype ♂ 2.05 mm CL (MAGNT Cr019225): A, first pleopod; D, abdominal pleura 4–6; G, left uropodal protopod. Paratype non-ovig. ♀ 2.25 mm CL (MAGNT Cr019227): B, right uropodal diaeresis, plumose setation omitted; H, ventrolateral view of pre-anal plate; I, telson. Paratype ♂ 2.15 mm CL (MAGNT Cr019225): C, second pleopod. Holotype ♀ 2.2 mm CL (MAGNT Cr019223): E, right third pereiopod; F, right fourth pereiopod; J, right coxa of fourth pereiopod showing epipod and setobranchs; K, fifth pereiopod. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Caridina biyiga sp. nov., a new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda Atyidae) from Leichhardt Springs, Kakadu National Park, Australia, based on morphological and molecular data, with a preliminary illustrated key to Northern Territory Caridina

FIGURE 3. Caridina biyiga sp. nov. Paratype ♂ 2.05 mm CL (MAGNT Cr019225). A, metastoma; B, mandibles; C, maxillula; D, second maxilliped; E, maxilla; F, first maxilliped; G, third maxilliped (dorsal view of left maxilliped). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Caridina biyiga sp. nov., a new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda Atyidae) from Leichhardt Springs, Kakadu National Park, Australia, based on morphological and molecular data, with a preliminary illustrated key to Northern Territory Caridina

FIGURE 2. Caridina biyiga sp. nov. Holotype ♀ 2.2 mm CL (MAGNT Cr019223): A, habitus; C, right first pleopod; D, right second pereiopod; E, enlarged view of rostrum; H, dorsal view of tip of propodus of right first cheliped, setation cut to reveal tip. Paratype ovig. ♀ 2.45 mm CL (MAGNT Cr019226): B, posterodorsal view of anteromedial acron showing transverse ca- rina; G, right antennule. Paratype ♂ 2.05 mm CL (MAGNT Cr019225): F, scaphocerite, setation omitted; J, carapace. Paratype non-ovig. ♀ 2.25 mm CL (MAGNT Cr019227): I, carapace. Scale bar for A = 5 mm, divisions = 1 mm. Remaining scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Caridina biyiga sp. nov., a new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda Atyidae) from Leichhardt Springs, Kakadu National Park, Australia, based on morphological and molecular data, with a preliminary illustrated key to Northern Territory Caridina

FIGURE 1. Maps showing the location of the study area. Upper left, location of the general study area within Australia; upper right, detailed view of the study area showing the location of Leichhardt Springs; main lower map, broader view of the study area showing its location within Kakadu NP and the Northern Territory.

FIGURE 11 in Caridina biyiga sp. nov., a new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda Atyidae) from Leichhardt Springs, Kakadu National Park, Australia, based on morphological and molecular data, with a preliminary illustrated key to Northern Territory Caridina

FIGURE 11. Live colouration of selected NT Caridina species. A, transversely banded colour form of C. 'sp. WA4' from the Blackmore River, Darwin area, NT; B, longitudinally banded colour form of same; C, C. 'sp. Gulf1' from the Howard R, Darwin area, NT; D, C. 'sp. NT2' from the Blackmore River, Darwin area, NT; E, C. 'sp. NT nilotica' from Leanyer Swamp, Buffalo Creek, Darwin Area; F, closeup view of cephalothorax of same. All photos courtesy of Dave Wilson.

FIGURE 10. A in Caridina biyiga sp. nov., a new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda Atyidae) from Leichhardt Springs, Kakadu National Park, Australia, based on morphological and molecular data, with a preliminary illustrated key to Northern Territory Caridina

FIGURE 10. A, first pereiopod of Caridina wilkinsi (MAGNT Cr019230); B, cephalothorax of same; C, location of preanal carina; D, Caridina 'sp. NT2' (MAGNT Cr019234); E, Caridina 'sp. Gulf1' (MAGNT Cr019232); F–H, pre-anal carina variation in lateral view (setation omitted); I, Caridina 'sp. NT nilotica' (MAGNT Cr019235); J, Caridina typus (MAGNT Cr019231); K, Caridina 'sp. WA4' (MAGNT Cr019236); L, Caridina 'sp. NT1' (MAGNT Cr019233).

FIGURE 7 in Caridina biyiga sp. nov., a new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda Atyidae) from Leichhardt Springs, Kakadu National Park, Australia, based on morphological and molecular data, with a preliminary illustrated key to Northern Territory Caridina

FIGURE 7. Bayesian majority rule consensus topology of Australian Caridina 16S rDNA dataset with Bayesian posterior probability values. Nodes with probability values <0.50 have been collapsed.

Fig. 3 in Spatial pattern of intraspecific mitochondrial diversity in the Northern Carpathian endemic spring snail, Bythinella pannonica (Frauenfeld, 1865) (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae)

Fig. 3 Bythinella pannonica COI haplotype network. Circles Haplotypes occurring in the Karst (white) and in the Bükk Mts. (black). Circle sizes are proportional to the frequencies of the haplotypes. Haplotypes were nested into hierarchical clades following the rules of Templeton et al. (1987) and Templeton and Sing (1993). The two main clades, which could not be connected at the 95 % confidence level, are considered as distinct 4-step clades. For reasons of simplicity, only 2nd and higher step clades are indicated here. See Table 4 for phylogeographic inferences

Fig. 2 in Spatial pattern of intraspecific mitochondrial diversity in the Northern Carpathian endemic spring snail, Bythinella pannonica (Frauenfeld, 1865) (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae)

Fig. 2 Constrained Bayesian tree of Bythinella pannonica mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) haplotypes. The tree was rooted by Bythinella austriaca (FJ028978) (not illustrated). Numbers at branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities. For reasons of comparability, 2nd and higher step clades, defined by nested clade analysis, are indicated. Posterior probabilities above 95 % are given only for 2nd and higher step clades (see Fig. 3 for nested clade structure). Note that clade 2–7 is inferred to be paraphyletic by this analysis. This tree has been deposited in the TreeBase (http://purl.org/ phylo/treebase/phylows/study/ TB2:S10789)

Fig. 4 in Spatial pattern of intraspecific mitochondrial diversity in the Northern Carpathian endemic spring snail, Bythinella pannonica (Frauenfeld, 1865) (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae)

Fig. 4 Mismatch frequency distributions of pairwise mutational differences for different datasets of Bythinella pannonica samples. a Whole dataset, b clade-A (see Figs. 2 and 3) c Clade-B d Subset of Clade-A sampled in the Karst, e Subset of Clade-A sampled in the Bükk Mts. Thick solid lines Observed frequency of pairwise differences, dashed lines expected distribution under the sudden expansion model, thin lines lower and upper bounds of the 95 % confidence interval

Fig. 1 in Spatial pattern of intraspecific mitochondrial diversity in the Northern Carpathian endemic spring snail, Bythinella pannonica (Frauenfeld, 1865) (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae)

Fig. 1 Relief map of the northeastern part of the Carpathian Basin showing collection sites and the geographic distribution of intraspecific clades [at the level at which significant phylogenetic structure was found by nested clade phylogeographic analysis (NCPA)]. Clade names correspond to those in Figs. 2 and 3. More precise locality data are given in Table 1. Thick solid line Political border between Hungary and Slovakia

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Рис. 13. ГнёзΑа скаΛьных гоΛубей Columba rupestris, основаниями которых сΛужиΛи старые гнёзΑа птиц этого виΑа. 1 — Δазовский район, мост через кΛюч ЗвёзΑочка, 25.05.2022, фото В.П. Шохрина; 2 — Октябрьский район, разваΛины в окрестностях сеΛа Чернятино, 23.04.2022, фото À.В. Коробова Fig. 13. Nests of hill pigeons Columba rupestris with old nests of the same species as foundations. 1 — Lazovsky District, bridge over Zvezdochka Spring, 25.05.2022. Photo by V.P. Shokhrin; 2 — Oktyabrsky District, ruins in the vicinity of the village of Chernyatino, 23.04.2022. Photo by D.V. Korobov in About breeding biology of the hill pigeon Columba rupestris in Primorsky Krai

Рис. 13. ГнёзΑа скаΛьных гоΛубей Columba rupestris, основаниями которых сΛужиΛи старые гнёзΑа птиц этого виΑа. 1 — Δазовский район, мост через кΛюч ЗвёзΑочка, 25.05.2022, фото В.П. Шохрина; 2 — Октябрьский район, разваΛины в окрестностях сеΛа Чернятино, 23.04.2022, фото À.В. Коробова Fig. 13. Nests of hill pigeons Columba rupestris with old nests of the same species as foundations. 1 — Lazovsky District, bridge over Zvezdochka Spring, 25.05.2022. Photo by V.P. Shokhrin; 2 — Oktyabrsky District, ruins in the vicinity of the village of Chernyatino, 23.04.2022. Photo by D.V. Korobov

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Рис. 9. Варианты размещения гнёзΑ скаΛьных гоΛубей Columba rupestris в нишах раз- Λичных строений. 1 — Δазовский район, автомобиΛьный мост через кΛюч ЗвёзΑочка, 25.05.2022, фото В. П. Шохрина; 2 — Уссурийский гороΑской округ, окрестности сеΛа НовоникоΛьск, заброшенный животновоΑческий компΛекс, 27.03.2022; 3 — Октябрьский район, окрестности сеΛа Чернятино, заброшенное зΑание, 23.04.2022; 4 — Октябрьский район, окрестности сеΛа Покровка, заброшенное зΑание 17.05.2022; 5 — там же, 17.05.2022; 6 — там же, 17.05.2022. Фото À. В. Коробова Fig. 9. Possible locations of nests of hill pigeons Columba rupestris in the niches of buildings. 1 — Lazovsky District, a road bridge over Zvezdochka Spring, 25.05.2022. Photo by V. P. Shokhrin; 2 — Ussuriysky City District, vicinity of the village of Novonikolsk, abandoned livestock facility, 27.03.2022; 3 — Oktyabrsky District, vicinity of the village of Chernyatino, abandoned building, 23.04.2022; 4 — Oktyabrsky District, vicinity of the village of Pokrovka, abandoned building, 17.05.2022; 5 — in the same place, 17.05.2022; 6 — in the same place, 17.05.2022. Photo by D. V. Korobov in About breeding biology of the hill pigeon Columba rupestris in Primorsky Krai

Рис. 9. Варианты размещения гнёзΑ скаΛьных гоΛубей Columba rupestris в нишах раз- Λичных строений. 1 — Δазовский район, автомобиΛьный мост через кΛюч ЗвёзΑочка, 25.05.2022, фото В. П. Шохрина; 2 — Уссурийский гороΑской округ, окрестности сеΛа НовоникоΛьск, заброшенный животновоΑческий компΛекс, 27.03.2022; 3 — Октябрьский район, окрестности сеΛа Чернятино, заброшенное зΑание, 23.04.2022; 4 — Октябрьский район, окрестности сеΛа Покровка, заброшенное зΑание 17.05.2022; 5 — там же, 17.05.2022; 6 — там же, 17.05.2022. Фото À. В. Коробова Fig. 9. Possible locations of nests of hill pigeons Columba rupestris in the niches of buildings. 1 — Lazovsky District, a road bridge over Zvezdochka Spring, 25.05.2022. Photo by V. P. Shokhrin; 2 — Ussuriysky City District, vicinity of the village of Novonikolsk, abandoned livestock facility, 27.03.2022; 3 — Oktyabrsky District, vicinity of the village of Chernyatino, abandoned building, 23.04.2022; 4 — Oktyabrsky District, vicinity of the village of Pokrovka, abandoned building, 17.05.2022; 5 — in the same place, 17.05.2022; 6 — in the same place, 17.05.2022. Photo by D. V. Korobov

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Рис. 11. ВыΛупΛение в гнёзΑах скаΛьных гоΛубей Columba rupestris. Уссурийский гороΑской округ, окрестности сеΛа НовоникоΛьск. 1–3 — 27.03.2022; 4 — 03.05.2022. Фото À. В. Коробова Fig. 11. Hatching in the nests of hill pigeons Columba rupestris. Ussuriysky City District, vicinity of the village of Novonikolsk. 1–3 — 27.03.2022; 4 — 03.05.2022. Photo by D. V. Korobov растений (нереΑко жестких, в частности, ΑопоΛнитеΛьно испоΛьзоваΛи сухие Λистья, поΛыни Artemisia sp.). Часто в гнезΑах при- пропиΛеновые нити, кусочки поΛиэтиΛена, сутствуют перья (преимущественно махо- а 3 мая 2022 гоΑа в окрестностях сеΛа Новые) скаΛьных, реже сизых гоΛубей и Αру- воникоΛьск быΛо найΑено гнезΑо, основу гих птиц. В некоторых Αругих сΛучаях в которого составΛяΛи обгоревшие кусочки качестве строитеΛьного материаΛа гоΛуби корΑа автомобиΛьного коΛеса, сожженного Рис. 12. ГнёзΑа скаΛьных гоΛубей Columba rupestris. 1 — с оперенными птенцами, Пограничный район, мост через реку СтуΑёная, 12.07.2007, фото À.В. Коробова; 2 — посΛе выΛета птенцов, Δазовский район, мост через кΛюч ЗвёзΑочка, 25.05.2022, фото В. П. Шохрина Fig. 12. Nests of hill pigeons Columba rupestris. 1 — with feathered chicks, Pogranichny District, bridge over the Studenaya River, 12.07.2007. Photo by D.V. Korobov; 2 — after the chicks have flown out, Lazovsky District, bridge over Zvezdochka Spring, 25.05.2022. Photo by V. P. Shokhrin in About breeding biology of the hill pigeon Columba rupestris in Primorsky Krai

Рис. 11. ВыΛупΛение в гнёзΑах скаΛьных гоΛубей Columba rupestris. Уссурийский гороΑской округ, окрестности сеΛа НовоникоΛьск. 1–3 — 27.03.2022; 4 — 03.05.2022. Фото À. В. Коробова Fig. 11. Hatching in the nests of hill pigeons Columba rupestris. Ussuriysky City District, vicinity of the village of Novonikolsk. 1–3 — 27.03.2022; 4 — 03.05.2022. Photo by D. V. Korobov растений (нереΑко жестких, в частности, ΑопоΛнитеΛьно испоΛьзоваΛи сухие Λистья, поΛыни Artemisia sp.). Часто в гнезΑах при- пропиΛеновые нити, кусочки поΛиэтиΛена, сутствуют перья (преимущественно махо- а 3 мая 2022 гоΑа в окрестностях сеΛа Новые) скаΛьных, реже сизых гоΛубей и Αру- воникоΛьск быΛо найΑено гнезΑо, основу гих птиц. В некоторых Αругих сΛучаях в которого составΛяΛи обгоревшие кусочки качестве строитеΛьного материаΛа гоΛуби корΑа автомобиΛьного коΛеса, сожженного Рис. 12. ГнёзΑа скаΛьных гоΛубей Columba rupestris. 1 — с оперенными птенцами, Пограничный район, мост через реку СтуΑёная, 12.07.2007, фото À.В. Коробова; 2 — посΛе выΛета птенцов, Δазовский район, мост через кΛюч ЗвёзΑочка, 25.05.2022, фото В. П. Шохрина Fig. 12. Nests of hill pigeons Columba rupestris. 1 — with feathered chicks, Pogranichny District, bridge over the Studenaya River, 12.07.2007. Photo by D.V. Korobov; 2 — after the chicks have flown out, Lazovsky District, bridge over Zvezdochka Spring, 25.05.2022. Photo by V. P. Shokhrin

Fig. 4 in Effectiveness of Morphological Sex Determination in the East Asian Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica gutturalis) on Spring Migration

Fig. 4. Probability of being males by discriminant score in the East Asian Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica gutturalis.

Fig. 3 in Effectiveness of Morphological Sex Determination in the East Asian Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica gutturalis) on Spring Migration

Fig. 3. Canonical discriminant scores of each sex calculated for the sex determination of the East Asian Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica gutturalis.

Fig. 2 in Effectiveness of Morphological Sex Determination in the East Asian Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica gutturalis) on Spring Migration

Fig. 2. Distribution of the streamer length (T6-T5) and white tail patch length of the East Asian Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica gutturalis. Black circles denote females and white circles denote males. Posterior probability of being male, calculated from the discriminant function, is presented as a contour map; isopleths of probability are marked from 0.1 to 0.9.

Fig. 1 in Effectiveness of Morphological Sex Determination in the East Asian Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica gutturalis) on Spring Migration

Fig. 1. Frequency distribution of (a) streamer lengths (T6-T5) and (b) white patch lengths selected by stepwise discriminant function analysis for the sex determination of the East Asian Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica gutturalis. Black columns denote females and white columns denote males; curved lines are the expected normal distributions of measurements reconstructed for each sex.