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1,271 results for “tropical forest”
Figs 101–106 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 101–106. Female genitalia of Paratischeria robinsoni Diškus & Stonis sp. nov., paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316192, NHMUK). 101. General view. 102. Coils of ductus spemathecae. 103. Ovipositor lobes. 104–106. Dentate thickenings on tergum.
Figs 94–100 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 94–100. Male genitalia of Paratischeria robinsoni Diškus & Stonis sp. nov., paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316191, NHMUK). 94. Phallus. 95. Capsule, with uncus, temgumen and phallus removed. 96. Apical part of valva. 97. Uncus, socii and tegumen. 98. Uncus, dorsal lobes. 99. Uncus, ventral lobes and socii. 100. Uncus, ventral lobes and socii, lateral view.
Figs 124–127 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 124–127. Male genitalia of Paratischeria belizensis Remeikis & Stonis sp. nov., holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316193, NHMUK). 124. Capsule, with phallus inside. 125. Median excavation of uncus. 126. Socii. 127. Lateral view of capsule with phallus inside.
Figs 78–82 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 78–82. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria basilobata Remeikis & Stonis sp. nov. (NHMUK). 78. Capsule, with phallus inside, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316195). 79. Same, ventral lobe of uncus. 80. Same, anellus. 81. Socii, holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316194). 82. Same, anellus.
Figs 139–142 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 139–142. Male genitalia of Coptotriche forsteroniae Stonis & Diškus, 2008, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316200, NHMUK). 139–140. General view. 141. Socii, uncus and tegumen. 142. Transtilla.
Figs 90–93 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 90–93. Male genitalia of Paratischeria robinsoni Diškus & Stonis sp. nov., holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316187, NHMUK). 90. Uncus, dorsal lobes. 91. Uncus, ventral lobes. 92. Capsule with phallus inside, ventral view. 93. Capsule with phallus inside, lateral view.
Figs 60–64 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 60–64. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria scutifera Diškus & Stonis sp. nov. (NHMUK). 60. Lateral view of capsule, with phallus removed, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316177). 61. Median element of modified anellus (pseudotranstilla), paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316176). 62. Same, dentate margin of dorsal lobe of valva. 63. Same, ventral view of capsule, with phallus removed. 64. Pseudotranstilla and dorsal lobe of valva, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316177).
Figs 53–59 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 53–59. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria scutifera Diškus & Stonis sp. nov. (NHMUK). 53. Socii, holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316175). 54. Dorsal lobe of uncus, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316177). 55. Ventral lobes of uncus, holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316175). 56. General view, holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316175). 57–58. Same, shield-like lobe of valva. 59. Phallus, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316177).
Figs 47–52 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 47–52. Female genitalia of Astrotischeria papilloma Diškus & Stonis sp. nov. 47–50. General view and details, paratype from Belize (genitalia slide no. 010316186, NHMUK). 51. Corpus bursae and coils of ductus spermathecae, paratype from Honduras (genitalia slide no. AD916, ZIN). 52. Same, apophyses and ovipositor lobes.
Figs 6–20 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 6–20. Tischeriidae collected in Las Cuevas, Belize. 6. Astrotischeria papilloma sp. nov., head, paratype (NHMUK 010289202). 7. Same, holotype (010289201). 8. Same, paratype (010289202). 9. A. scutifera sp. nov., holotype (010289214). 10. Same, paratype, hindwing (010289218). 11. Same, paratype (010289221). 12. A. basilobata sp. nov., holotype (010289226). 13. Same, frontal tuft. 14. Same, dorso-lateral view. 15. A. selvica, paratype (010289241). 16. A. casila, holotype (010289244). 17. A. furcata, holotype (010289261). 18. Paratischeria robinsoni sp. nov., holotype (010289262). 19. Same, paratype (010289269). 20. Same, paratype (010289270).
Figs 1–5. Map and locality. 1 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 1–5. Map and locality. 1. Las Cuevas, Belize, Central America, 16°43′53″ N, 88°59′11″ W (Map base courtesy of T. Patterson, USA). 2–3. Road to Las Cuevas Research Station, located in the heart of the Chiquibul Forest in the Maya Mountains of Belize. 4. The site of Las Cuevas Research Station (formerly Las Cuevas Biological Station), shortly after its establishment by the Forest Department of Belize and the Natural History Museum, London in 1994 (courtesy of NHMUK). 5. Habitat, moist tropical forest (at right, collector Simon R. Hill, 1998).
Figs 107–111 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 107–111. Male genitalia of Paratischeria tubifex Diškus & Stonis sp. nov. (NHMUK). 107. Capsule, with phallus removed, holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316168). 108. Capsule with phallus removed, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316171). 109. Apical parts of valvae, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316172). 110 –111. Valva, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316169).
Seed consumption by small fish follows peak seed availability in a tropical dry forest river
<p>Seed consumption and dispersal by fish has been more extensively described in natural Neotropical large river systems of Amazonia, where ichthyochory follows a seasonal gradient associated with a floodpulse that creates long-lasting seasonally flood zones. It has been shown that it is relevant in maintaining the plant community structure of wetlands, but its effects on plant communities in seasonal dry forests are largely unknown. The Amacuzac hydrological system, which runs through one of the most extensive seasonal tropical dry forests of Central Mexico, shows a marked climatic seasonality, which in turn determines a transient increase in river flow and its potential to overflow, resulting in a drag effect on banks, and in the river carrying three times more seeds in the rainy than in the dry season. Another characteristic of the system is the coexistence of native and non-native fish species, due to the fact that the middle part of the river receives discharges from four tributaries that cross important urban, industrial, and agricultural districts as well as an extensive network of ornamental fish farms. Therefore, we hypothesize that rates of seed consumption by fish would correspondingly increase during rainy seasons, and that both native and non-native fish would consume seeds in similar proportions. We evaluated seed consumption by fish by (a) identifying and estimating the frequency and number of fish species whose stomachs contained seeds, and determining the percentage of each fishes' diet corresponding to seeds with respect to total food items, and (b) by evaluating if there were seasonal differences in the consumption of intact seeds by fish and between native vs. non-native species. We found two native species - <i>Astyanax aeneus</i> and <i>Notropis moralesi</i>, and two non-native species - <i>Aequidens rivulatus</i> and <i>Amatitlania nigrofasciata </i>containing seeds in their stomachs. The number of individuals with seeds was significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season, with a higher proportion of non-native fishes carrying seeds, but only in the rainy season. We found significant differences between the fish species in the proportion of seeds consumed. Fishes follow the peak of seed availability after a flood pulse released them from the soil seed banks. Thus, fishes consume fruits/seeds on a seasonal basis, however in this case it is explained by a different mechanism other than the timing of seed production by trees. As with hydrochory in tropical dry forests, seed consumption/dispersal by fish inhabiting rivers within this ecosystem has been overlooked in the ecology and conservation literature. This evidence is relevant for tropical dry forest ecosystem dynamics and management strategies in riparian corridors.</p> <p> </p>
Using multiple seedlots in restoration planting enhances genetic diversity compared to natural regeneration in fragmented tropical forests
<p>Catastrophic degradation of forests is ongoing worldwide and leads to severe forest fragmentation. Restoration plantings are often necessary to restore fragmented forests, complementing the limited natural regeneration. High genetic diversity is critical for the long-term viability of restored forests. However, there is limited knowledge of whether planted populations capture a genetic variation comparable to natural populations. We measured the efficiency of two forest restoration strategies using the common tropical oak <em>Quercus bambusifolia</em>. The multi-seedlot planting was established over ten years by collecting seeds from several locations in fragmented secondary forests of Hong Kong, while the single seedlot planting was established in just one year with seeds from a single natural location. We analysed the genetic diversity and genetic structure from both plantings and compared them with natural populations. The multi-seedlot planting exhibited a higher rate of genetic recovery, greater genetic diversity (He = 0.69), and higher effective population size (Ne_p = 86.5) compared to natural populations (He = 0.66, Ne_p = 64.3, on average) and the single seedlot planting (He = 0.50, Ne_p = 30.8). The multi-seedlot planting erased the effect of seed shadows which was detected in natural populations while the single seedlot planting strengthened the effect. We conclude that capturing high levels of genetic diversity in the collection of propagules is a standard requirement to ensure the long-term viability of forest restoration. Propagule collection over multiple years is required when only a few parental trees are available to avoid founder effects.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Duron Q, Cornulier T, Vidal E, Bourguet E, Ruffino L (2020) Combining live and lethal trapping to inform the management of alien invasive rodent populations in a tropical montane forest. NeoBiota 63: 101-125. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.63.53811
Density of rats
Supplementary material 2 from: Duron Q, Cornulier T, Vidal E, Bourguet E, Ruffino L (2020) Combining live and lethal trapping to inform the management of alien invasive rodent populations in a tropical montane forest. NeoBiota 63: 101-125. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.63.53811
Rat abundance and density, rat capture probabilities
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Scinax Wagler (Hylidae: Scinaxini) from the tropical forests of Northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Holotype of Scinax tropicalia sp. nov. (MZUESC 20440). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views.
Fig. 3 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 3. Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov., male left palpus, schematic. A. Palpus without embolic division, ventral view. B. Embolic division with part of distal suprategular apophysis, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 50 μm; B = 40 μm.
Data from: Quantifying the factors affecting leaf litter decomposition across a tropical forest disturbance gradient
Deforestation and forest degradation are driving unprecedented declines in biodiversity across the tropics, and understanding the consequences of these changes for ecosystem functioning is essential for human well-being. Forest degradation and loss alter ecosystem functioning through changes in species composition and abiotic conditions. However, the consequences of these changes for heterospecific processes are often poorly understood. Leaf litter decomposition is a major source of atmospheric carbon and critical for carbon and nutrient cycling. Through a highly replicated litter-bag experiment (3360 bags), we quantified the effects of litter quality, decomposer functional diversity and seasonal precipitation regime on litter decomposition along a tropical disturbance gradient in SW China. In addition, using soil and litter from sites selected from across the disturbance gradient, we established replicated litter-bed treatments and exposed these to a gradient of simulated canopy cover in a shade-house. Across the landscape, mass loss from litter-bags after 12 months varied from 7% to 98%. Even after 12 months, litter-bags installed at the beginning of the dry season had much lower mass loss than those installed at the beginning of the wet season. As expected, litter quality and faunal exclusion had substantial effects on decomposition rates. Decomposition rates declined along the disturbance gradient from mature forest, through regenerating forest to open land, although the effect size was strongly dependent on installation season. The effect of excluding meso- and macro-invertebrates increased with increasing forest degradation, whereas the effect of litter quality declined. Results from the shade-house experiment strongly suggested that forest degradation effects were driven predominantly by changes in micro-climatic conditions resulting from increased canopy openness. To better model the impacts of anthropogenic global change on litter decomposition rates, it will be important to consider landscape scale processes, such as forest degradation.
Data from: Determinants of litter decomposition rates in a tropical forest: functional traits, phylogeny and ecological succession
Plant litter decomposition is one of the most important processes in terrestrial ecosystems, as it is a key factor in nutrient cycling. Decomposition rates depend on environmental factors, but also plant traits, as these determine the character of detritus. We measured litter decomposition rate for 57 common tree species displaying a variety of functional traits within four sites in primary and four sites in secondary tropical forest in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. The phylogenetic relationships between these trees were also estimated using molecular data. The leaves collected from different tree species were dried for two days, placed into detritus bags and exposed to ambient conditions for two months. Nitrogen, carbon and ash content were assessed as quantitative traits and used together with a phylogenetic variance-covariance matrix as predictors of decomposition rate. The analysis of the tree species composition from 96 quadrats located along a successional gradient of swidden agriculture enabled us to determine successional preferences for individual species. Nitrogen content was the only functional trait measured to be significantly positively correlated with decomposition rate. Controlling for plant phylogeny did not influence our conclusions, but including phylogeny demonstrated that the mainly early successional family Euphorbiaceae is characterized by a particularly high decomposition rate. The acquisitive traits (high nitrogen content and low wood density) correlated with rapid decomposition were characteristic for early successional species. Decomposition rate thus decreased from early successional to primary forest species. However, the decomposition of leaves from the same species was significantly faster in primary than in secondary forest stands, very probably because the high humidity of primary forest environments keeps the decomposing material wetter.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.