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Fig. 6 in Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex

Fig. 6. Type locality of C. ama sp. nov. and C. aravera sp. nov., upper arroyo Piray Guazú on RP20 (26°26′34.1″ S, 54°08′29.4″ W), 18 February 2012.

Fig. 5. A in Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex

Fig. 5. A.Topographic map of the Middle Paraná Basin. B. Satellite map of the Piray Guazú Basin showing distribution of the sympatric C. ama sp. nov. (dark green) and C. aravera sp. nov. (light green), and also of other species in the Iguazú (red) and the Middle Paraná (C. ypo Casciotta, Almirón, Piálek, Gómez & Říčan, 2010: dark orange; C. yjhui: orange; C. hu: yellow; C. mandelburgeri sensu lato: blue, C. gillmorlisi: grey; C. taikyra: pink). Large and small dots in the Piray Guazú Basin show localities where the species is common or rare, respectively. Dark blue and light blue dots show the northern and southern mtDNA clades of C. mandelburgeri, respectively. White bars show location of significant waterfalls. White dot (marked with X in B) shows an upstream locality in the Piray Guazú where both C. ama and C. aravera are absent. Locality 1 (in B, marked with a star) is the type locality of both new species. Localities 2 and 3 (in B) are paratype localities of the two new species. Inset in A shows the parallel species pairs in the Piray Guazú and Urugua-í basins.

Fig. 2 in Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex

Fig. 2. Crenicichla ama sp. nov., live specimens. A–B. Male paratypes. C–E. Female paratypes. A. MLP 11448, tributary to upper arroyo Piray Guazú on RP16 23 km from San Pedro, 26°35′45.90″ S, 54°16′59.96″ W, November 26 2016. B. MLP 11182, 94.5 mm. C–D. MLP 11180. E. MLP 11448, tributary to upper arroyo Piray Guazú on RP16 23 km from San Pedro, 26°35′45.90″ S, 54°16′59.96″ W, November 26 2016).

Fig. 3 in Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex

Fig. 3. Crenicichla aravera sp. nov., live specimens. A. Holotype, ♂ (MLP 11450). B. Paratype, ♂ subadult (MLP 11451, 81.2 mm). C–D. Female paratypes (MLP 11451, 83.3 mm; MLP 11452, 93.7 mm), upper arroyo Piray Guazú on RP20, February 18 2012.

Fig. 1. A in Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex

Fig. 1. A. Crenicichla ama sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MLP 11446, 105.8 mm). B. Crenicichla aravera sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MLP 11450, 102.5 mm).

Figure 4. A in Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma)

Figure 4. A. Holotype adult Hyposmocoma desilvai sp. n., DR21D16E.1, DNA00252, reared from a "cigar" type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Female genitalia of same specimen, slide KAA0902. C. Holotype adult H. makaohuna, DR21D16A.E3, DNA00255, reared from a "candywrapper" type case from Kamehamenui FR. D. Fe- male genitalia of same specimen, slide KAA0901. Abbreviations: pa = papilla anales, IX = segment IX.

Figure 3. A in Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma)

Figure 3. A. Paratype adult of Hyposmocoma kukilakila sp. n., DR21D16B.E1, DNA00228, reared from a "tiny burrito" type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Female genitalia of same specimen, slide KAA0899. C. Male genitalia, tegumen, ventral view, paratype slide KAA0960. D. Male genitalia, valvae and aedeagus, slide KAA0960, digitally dissected partial valvae with spurs intact below, paratype slide KAA0959. E. Pleural lobes on sternite VIII, slide KAA0959. F. Sternite sclerotization and protruding sternite hook on segment VII, slide KAA0959. Abbreviations: lb = left brachium, rb = right brachium, st = sterigma, sp = spur, la = left anellus lobe, ph = phallus, ra = right anellus lobe, ss = sternite sclerotization, rsh = right sternite hook.

Figure 6 in Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma)

Figure 6. Larval cases of the new species, all to same scale. A. Hyposmocoma makaohuna, rearing lot DR21D16A, B. H. kamehamenui, rearing lot DR21D16B, C. H. desilvai, larval case of holotype (note case openings on both ends), D. H. starrorum, rearing lot DR21E1A (single case opening), E. H. kukilakila, rearing lot DR21D16B.

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Figures 1–7. 1 in First Confirmed Record of Leaf Mining in the Fruitworm Moths (Carposinidae): A New Species Feeding on an Endemic Hawaiian Clermontia (Campanulaceae)

Figures 1–7. 1. Dorsal view of holotype adult of Carposina hahaiella in resting position. 2. Angled view of holotype in resting position; red arrows indicate patches of black raised scales. 3. Pinned holotype. 4. Pediobius sp. parasitoid wasp (UHIM.DNA00075); identification by David Honsberger. 5. Host plant in its native habitat, note invasive kahili ginger plants dominating the undergrowth. 6. Leaf mines on Clermontia in the field. 7. Transmitted light view of live larva feeding in leaf mine.

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Figures 8–10. 8 in First Confirmed Record of Leaf Mining in the Fruitworm Moths (Carposinidae): A New Species Feeding on an Endemic Hawaiian Clermontia (Campanulaceae)

Figures 8–10. 8. Composition of transmitted-light scans of dried leaf mines of Carposina hahaiella on Clermontia fauriei. Each leaf has one to three mines, some with a dead larva inside. 9. Holotype female genitalia, specimen UHIM.DNA00096, genitalia slide KAA #0390. 10. Slide mounted larva after DNA-extraction, UHIM.DNA00072, dorsal view of section with head capsule and prolegs.

Figure 2 in Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma)

Figure 2. Hyposmocoma starrorum sp. n. A. Holotype adult male DR21E1A.E8, DNA00319, reared from a "burrito" type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Female genitalia, slide KAA0898. C. Male holotype genitalia, valvae and tegumen (right bra- chium folded over right valva), slide KAA0897. D. Phallus and ductus ejaculatorius, slide KAA0897. E. Sternite hooks on segment VII, slide KAA0897. F. Pleural lobes on sternite VIII. Abbreviations: sp = spur, la = left anellus lobe, ra = right anellus lobe, lb = left brachium, rb = right brachium, cp = costal process, o = ostium, st = sterigma, lsh = left sternite hook, rsh = right sternite hook.

Figure 1 in Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma)

Figure 1. Map of East Maui with the 3,433 acres of Kamehamenui Forest Reserve indicated in red. Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0. Data by Open- StreetMap, under ODbL.

Figure 5. A in Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma)

Figure 5. A. Holotype adult of H. kamehamenui, DR21D16B.E2, DNA00249, reared from a "burrito" type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Male genitalia of same speci- men, tegumen and brachia, lateral view, slide KAA0900. C. Phallus, same specimen. D. Valvae, same specimen. E. Pleural lobes, same specimen. Abbreviations: rb = right brachium, t = tegumen, sp = spur, ph = phallus.

Fig. 4 in A taxonomic review of the endemic Mexican genus Ceratotrupes Jekel, 1865 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Ceratotrupini), with the description of an unexpected new species from the Sierra Madre del Sur

Fig. 4. Ceratotrupes gonzaloi sp. nov. (CMNC). A–B. Dorsal habitus of male (A) and female (B). C. Details of head and prothorax; arrows indicate posteromedial edge of pronotum without margin. D. Details of cephalic horn and pronotal projection of male. E. Aedeagus in dorsal view. F. Parameres in dorsal view; arrows indicate main differences between C. gonzaloi sp. nov. and C. sturmi. G. Right paramere in lateral view; arrow indicates absence of lobe beneath apical spur.H. Tergite.I. Pleurotergites. J. Phallobase in ventral view; arrow indicates straight margin of ventral lobe. K. Phallobase in dorsal view. L. Phallobase in lateral view; arrow indicates the short bifurcation. M. Internal sac (is) and median struts (ms) in dorsal view. N. Internal sac and median struts in lateral view.

Fig. 2 in A taxonomic review of the endemic Mexican genus Ceratotrupes Jekel, 1865 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Ceratotrupini), with the description of an unexpected new species from the Sierra Madre del Sur

Fig. 2. Ceratotrupes bolivari Halffter & Martínez, 1962 (CMNC). A–B. Dorsal habitus of male (A) and female (B). C. Detail of the elliptical groove of the last antennal lamella. D–E. Aedeagus in dorsal (D) and lateral view (E).

Fig. 12 in Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another

Fig. 12. Gulella libertas sp. nov., holotype (NMSA W9287/T4601), length 2.6 mm, width 1.2 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. Detail of aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus.

Fig. 10 in Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another

Fig. 10. Gulella nkandla sp. nov., holotype (NMSA-Mol 0P2361/T4610), length 3.8 mm, width 1.9 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. Detail of aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus.

Fig. 9 in Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another

Fig. 9. Distribution map of Gulella hlathikhulu sp. nov. (green circles), G. nkandla sp. nov. (yellow triangles), G. mystica sp. nov. (red squares) and G. libertas sp. nov. (blue circle) in north-central KwaZulu-Natal. Contours at 1000 m and 2000 m.

Fig. 7 in Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another

Fig. 7. Gulella mcmasteri sp. nov., holotype (NMSA-Mol 0P2359/T4608), length 2.5 mm, width 1.1 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. Detail of aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus.

Fig. 11 in Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another

Fig. 11. Gulella mystica sp. nov., holotype (NMSA W1181/T4600), length 3.3 mm, width 1.7 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. Oblique view into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus.