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Bonanza Creek LTER: Annual Active Layer Depths from 1972 to Present in the Wickersham Fireline Sites near Fairbanks, Alaska
In June of 1971 the Wickersham fire burned 6313 ha and provided an opportunity to study various fire effects. When wildfire burns through a northern black spruce forest there is usually a subsequent increase in depth of thaw, due to the reduction in the depth of the organic layer. The construction of firelines with heavy machinery involves the complete removal of the organic layer and results in an even greater increase in active layer. This study was designed as a long-term comparison between depth of thaw on firelines, burned and unburned open black spruce forest underlain by ice rich permafrost.
Cooperative Alaska Forest Inventory (CAFI): IV - Sapling Inventory Data 2022-2024
The CAFI is a repeated forest measurement project established in forest stands throughout interior and southcentral Alaska. The CAFI was launched in 1994 and measurements were done at a 5-year interval until 2015. The project was on hiatus between 2016 and 2019 but picked back up again in 2020 and will continue at a 10-year interval. Total of 205 permanent plots have been established and each plot has been measured up to 6 times. The CAFI is the most extensive forest monitoring program, both in spatial and temporal scale, in interior and southcentral Alaska today. This is the sapling data of the CAFI. Sapling data is only available after 2022 due to a protocol change. The CAFI is a repeated forest measurement project established in forest stands throughout interior and southcentral Alaska. The CAFI was launched in 1994 and measurements were done at a 5-year interval until 2015. The project was on hiatus between 2016 and 2019 but picked back up again in 2020 and will continue at a 10-year interval. Total of 205 permanent plots have been established and each plot has been measured up to 6 times. The CAFI is the most extensive forest monitoring program, both in spatial and temporal scale, in interior and southcentral Alaska today.
Cooperative Alaska Forest Inventory (CAFI): V - Photo Collection 2022-2024
The CAFI is a repeated forest measurement project established in forest stands throughout interior and southcentral Alaska. The CAFI was launched in 1994 and measurements were done at a 5-year interval until 2015. The project was on hiatus between 2016 and 2019 but picked back up again in 2020 and will continue at a 10-year interval. Total of 205 permanent plots have been established and each plot has been measured up to 6 times. The CAFI is the most extensive forest monitoring program, both in spatial and temporal scale, in interior and southcentral Alaska today. This is the collection of photos taken at the sites.
Long-term monitoring and research of the ecology of the Tres Rios constructed treatment wetland, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, ongoing since 2011
# Project Description In order to better understand the water, nutrient and treatment dynamics of aridland constructed treatment wetlands, we have developed datasets tracking primary productivity (aboveground and belowground), nutrient and water budget dynamics, soils, and aquatic metabolism at the Tres Rios wetlands, operated by the City of Phoenix Water Services Department, since July 2011. The 3-cell Tres Rios Wetlands were completed in 2010 and are associated with the 91st Avenue Wastewater Treatment Plant, the largest in Phoenix. This project is focused on the largest of the three wetlands treatment cells which was the first to be planted and became operational in Summer 2010. The wetland cells are bounded by roads (the "shoreline"), and the system we study is 42 ha in size, approximately half of which is open water and half of which is fringing vegetated marsh. Water depth is relatively consistent across the marsh (approximately 25cm) and effluent inflow to the cell varies seasonally from 95,000 to over 270,000 m3 d-1. Measurements are taken along two gradients representing the two hydraulic pathways of the system: The whole-system, from inflow to outflow, within the vegetated marsh itself. # Abstract Constructed treatment wetlands (CTW) provide cost effective and ecosystem-service based solutions to the problem of urban wastewater treatment. They are a particularly attractive option for water reuse in arid cities, where water resources are scarce, and understanding CTW function in these environments is critical to facilitating sustainable water use practices. Although CTW are well established and studied in mesic climates, how they function in and respond to hot, arid climates is comparatively not well understood. Specifically, large atmospheric water losses via evaporation and plant transpiration comprise a much larger component of the whole-system water budget than in mesic climates. Additionally, given the primary role that emergent macrophytes play in nit
CAP LTER weather stations at Papago Park and Lost Dutchman State Park in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area of central Arizona, USA, ongoing since 2010
The CAP LTER maintains two micrometeorological stations (10-m height) in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, including at Lost Dutchman State Park and near the Desert Botanical Garden at Papago Park. The local terrain at both sites is flat or gently sloping Sonoran desert, and the vegetation canopy consists of patchy coverage of desert shrubs and trees. The dominant vegetation species include bursage (*Ambrosia deltoidea*) and creosote bush (*Larrea tridentata*), while minor species include palo verde (*Parkinsonia microphylla*) and saguaro cactus (*Carnegiea gigantea*). Wind speed and direction, incoming solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation have been monitored nearly continuously since the fall of 2010. Each variable is measured every 5 seconds and the average (or total for precipitation and total solar radiation) saved to a data logger every 10 minutes.
Ecological Survey of Central Arizona: a survey of key ecological indicators in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area and surrounding Sonoran desert, ongoing since 1999
The Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA) is an extensive field survey and integrated inventory designed to capture key ecological indicators of the CAP LTER study area consisting of the urbanized, suburbanized, and agricultural areas of metropolitan Phoenix, and the surrounding Sonoran desert. The survey, formerly known as the survey 200 and renamed to ESCA in 2015, assesses conditions at approximately 200 sample plots (30m x 30m) that were located randomly using a tessellation-stratified dual-density sampling design. Beginning in 2000, the study is conducted every five years except the 2020 survey, which was conducted in 2023 owing to delays to due Covid. Study plots cover habitats throughout the CAP LTER study area ranging from native Sonoran desert sites to residential yards to an airport tarmac. Measurements include an inventory of all plants (identified to the lowest possible taxonomic unit, typically species), plant biovolume, soil coring for physicochemical properties, arthropod sweep-net sampling, photo documentation, and a visual survey of site and area characteristics. The objectives of the survey are to (1) characterize patches in terms of key biotic, physical, and chemical variables, and (2) examine relationships among land use, general plant diversity, native plant diversity, plant biovolume, soil nutrient status, and social-economic indices along an indirect urban gradient. A pilot survey was conducted in 1999, and the first full ESCA was conducted in 2000. The maiden survey in 2000 featured a suite of measurements that were not assessed in later surveys, including data from a portable weather station set up during the field survey at each location, organic matter decomposition, pollen, and mycorrhizae. In 2010, the survey was expanded to include an assessment of one of the residential parcels overlapping the survey plot at sites in residential areas. Many of the same variables that are measured in the 30m x 30m survey plot are measured in the p
Ecological Survey of Central Arizona: a survey of key ecological indicators in parcels of residential areas in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2010
The Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA) is an extensive field survey and integrated inventory designed to capture key ecological indicators of the CAP LTER study area consisting of the urbanized, suburbanized, and agricultural areas of metropolitan Phoenix and the surrounding Sonoran desert. The survey is conducted every five years at approximately 200 sample plots (30m x 30m) that were located randomly using a tessellation-stratified, dual-density sampling design. Study plots cover habitats throughout the CAP LTER study area ranging from native Sonoran desert sites to residential yards to an airport tarmac. In 2010, the survey was expanded to include an assessment of residential parcels overlapping the survey plot at sites in residential areas. Many of the same variables that are measured in the 30m x 30m survey plot are measured in the parcel, including an inventory of perennial plants, and the biovolume of trees. In addition, a detailed assessment of characteristics of the parcel is performed. Investigators interested in data from the broader Ecological Survey of Central Arizona that includes all survey plots can find those data in the Environmental Data Initiative data repository at [this](https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-cap&identifier=652) link.
Phoenix Area Social Survey (PASS): 2017
The Phoenix Area Social Survey (PASS) was established in 2001 as part of the Central Arizona–Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER) project's long-term monitoring program. Every five years, the PASS team surveys households in select neighborhoods in metropolitan Phoenix in order to better understand people's perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors on environmental issues such heat stress and climate change, water scarcity and policy, landscape choices and management, and urban wildlife and biodiversity. In 2001, the first PASS was piloted in 8 neighborhoods (n= 302) in the City of Phoenix, Arizona. Aiming for about 20 respondents per neighborhood, the 2006 (n= 808) and 2011 (n= 806) samples were expanded to cover a broader range of neighborhoods (40-45) that better represent the geography of the greater metropolitan area, both in terms of location and demographics. In order to characterize and examine residents' views and practices in particular Phoenix-area neighborhoods, the 2017 survey was redesigned to target a larger number of people (~65) in fewer (12) neighborhoods across the region. The new sampling design allows for intensive neighborhood analyses that link residents' perceptions, attitudes, and decisions to the local ecology (e.g., urban infrastructure, landscape attributes, species composition). The 2017 PASS neighborhoods were distributed across CAP LTER ecological monitoring sites at green/blue infrastructure such as the Salt River, Tempe Town Lake, and Indian Bend Wash, in addition to desert preserves such as South Mountain Park and McDowell Sonoran Preserve. Ecological data also collected at these sites included climate and temperature data, nutrient fluxes, and wildlife community measurements. In each neighborhood, for example, the local bird community was measured at three point-count stations so that we can link biodiversity metrics to people's views and actions that affect them. Overall, the 2017 PASS survey explores major themes integral
Fine-scale meteorological observations from walking traverses in two Phoenix Area Social Survey (PASS) 2017 neighborhoods (2019)
This dataset includes human-biometeorological observations from 2.5 km walking traverses with a mobile weather station. The traverses occurred in two 2017 Phoenix Area Social Survey neighborhoods (U18: South Phoenix/Salt River (Audubon) and W15: Camelback Mountain) on one day in June and October, at 12pm and 4pm on each day. Specifically, air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and radiant energy (infrared and solar radiation) in 3-dimensions were measured at 2-second intervals. Additionally, mean radiant temperature was calculated from the radiation measurements. The meteorological observations are spatially referenced with latitude and longitude coordinates. The paths through the neighborhoods were chosen to maximize proximity to PASS 2017 participants’ homes.
Phoenix, Arizona (USA) residential yard management and vegetation change over time: 2008-2019
This project sampled residential front yards in four Phoenix, AZ neighborhoods to address questions about how residential yard vegetation varies among neighborhoods and changes over time and in response to resident attitudes. Neighborhoods were located on an approximate north-to-south transect in the city of Phoenix and represented different dominant landscape types (xeric or mesic) and different socioeconomic conditions. The project originated in summer 2008, when approximately 100 parcels were selected in each of the four neighborhoods for front yard vegetation sampling. All yards which could be relocated and accessed in the summer of 2018 were resampled, and current residents were surveyed to understand their yard management motivations, attitudes, and changes made. Yards of 100 survey respondents were resampled a third time in 2019. Yard sampling primarily focused on yard woody vegetation identification, but also included ground cover, yard type of neighboring yards, and features such as fences, lighting, and social infrastructure. Social and yard survey data can be linked with unique identifiers provided in the datasets.
Wildlife in urban neighborhoods of the greater Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area: patterns that span a social-ecological gradient in 2021
Wildlife communities are structured by numerous ecological filters in cities that influence their populations, and some species even manage to thrive in urban landscapes. CAP researchers were the first to observe “the luxury effect”, the hypothesis that biodiversity is positively related to income of residents. The luxury effect is still being tested worldwide twenty years later and has led to important new research on other socio-demographic factors that shape biodiversity but are vastly understudied, such as race and ethnicity, as well as the interaction of these factors with urban structural inequalities that may be hidden by income. This research aims to unpack the luxury effect by considering other landscape and socio-demographic factors that may influence wildlife communities across neighborhoods of metro Phoenix. Specifically, we are investigating if neighborhood income and ethnicity independently influence mammal occupancy in neighborhoods across the CAP ecosystem. To answer this question, we leveraged a wildlife camera array across CAP within community parks, in which cameras are placed across a gradient of average median household income and percent Latinx of residents. Incorporating socioeconomic data into urban mammal research will allow for the advancement in the understanding of socio-ecological patterns.
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from 2019 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) data for the central Arizona region
This project calculates two vegetation indices—Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) remotely sensed imagery. The intent is to make remotely sensed variables and visualizations accessible to stakeholders and researchers studying the Phoenix metropolitan area. NDVI and SAVI are calculated from the 2019 NAIP imagery (1m resolution). This dataset extends the 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2017 NDVI and SAVI products derived from NAIP imagery (also 1m resolution). All images are cropped to the CAP study area boundary.
Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) derived from 2019 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) data for the central Arizona region
This project calculates two vegetation indices—Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) remotely sensed imagery. The intent is to make remotely sensed variables and visualizations accessible to stakeholders and researchers studying the Phoenix metropolitan area. NDVI and SAVI are calculated from the 2019 NAIP imagery (1m resolution). This dataset extends the 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2017 NDVI and SAVI products derived from NAIP imagery (also 1m resolution). All images are cropped to the CAP study area boundary.
Urban Heat and Desert Wildlife: Rodent Body Condition Across a Gradient of Surface Temperatures in the greater Phoenix, Arizona (USA) metropolitan area (2019-2020)
We live-trapped wild rodents from seven field sites spanning three strata of land-surface temperatures in the Phoenix, Arizona (USA) metropolitan area. We captured 116 adult pocket mice (Chaetodipus spp. and Perognathus spp.) and Merriam’s kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) during 2019 and 2020 from mountainous urban parks and open spaces. Animal body condition was quantified as percent body fat (i.e., fat mass divided by body mass). We used a noninvasive quantitative magnetic resonance instrument to measure body condition.
High-frequency, long-term measurements of water quality and chlorophyll in the Tempe Town Lake, Tempe, Arizona, USA, ongoing since 2018
Constructed in 1997, the Tempe Town Lake is a small reservoir that transforms a section of the typically-dry Salt River bed into a 224-acre lake in the heart of Tempe, Arizona. To accommodate the river when it flows, the lake features hydraulically-operated steel gates that allow water to pass through the system unimpeded. The lake has been a remarkable success as a community amenity and as a driver of economic growth in the area around the lake. The lake provides an ideal model system for the many artificial lakes constructed in arid-land cities owing to management decisions, such as draining, that affect their operation and ecology. At the same time, dramatic shifts in hydrology and chemistry when the lake is transformed to a flowing river and back into a Lake during and after floods, provide opportunities to study the system's dynamic evolution to new limnological steady states. The CAP LTER began measuring water quality, including temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in the lake starting 2005. Initially, these data were collected through a mix of hand-held meters and analyses of water samples collected during regular visits to the lake (e.g., see [knb-lter-cap.630](https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-cap&identifier=630)). In summer 2018, the CAP LTER installed a *in situ* datasonde to measure water quality, including optical dissolved organic carbon characteristics, at high temporal resolution (~ 30 minutes). After a brief period during which data were collected both with the datasonde, and by hand-held meters and analyses of water samples, the project transitioned to collecting data exclusively with the datasonde. The data presented here reflect readings captured by the datasone.
Urban habitat features and patterns of snake removals in the greater Phoenix, Arizona (USA) metropolitan area (March 2021 - March 2022)
In urban and suburban areas, wildlife and people are often in close quarters, leading to human-wildlife interactions (HWI). Understanding how wildlife interact with humans and the built environment is critical as urbanization contributes to habitat change and fragmentation globally. In our study, we partnered with a local business that removes and relocates snakes from homes and businesses in the Phoenix area. The most frequently removed were venomous (family Viperidae, e.g., rattlesnakes) and nonvenomous (family Colubridae, e.g., gophersnakes) snakes. Using these records, we investigated taxa-specific habitat trends at two spatial scales. The neighborhood scale focused on front yard measures of cover and vegetation classes and the landscape scale focused on variables related to vegetation indices and degree of urbanization. Both analyses compared areas where snakes were removed to random locations in the city to represent possible habitat available to snakes. At the neighborhood scale (n=60), we found that removals occurred in yards with abundant cover opportunities. At the landscape scale (n=764), we found species-specific differences with nonvenomous snakes removed from areas of higher urbanization compared to venomous snakes. Understanding these distinct habitat patterns in residential yards can identify areas with potential human-snake conflict.
Herb Survey: Effect of Burning Patterns on Vegetation in the Fish Lake Burn Compartments
This study examines the effects of long-term prescribed burning treatments on vegetation structure and composition, productivity, and nutrient cycling in upland oak savanna and woodland vegetation. The basis for the study is an ongoing, experimental prescribed burning program begun in 1964 at Cedar Creek, and a similar program operating since 1962 on the adjacent Helen Allison Savanna property (owned by The Nature Conservancy). These prescribed burning programs are designed to subject upland oak communities (and some old fields) to different burn frequencies and patterns of burning, with the ultimate objectives of 1) restoring and maintaining the historically important savanna and open woodland vegetation, and 2) providing information about the effects of different burning patterns on vegetation structure and composition. This study addresses the latter of these two purposes and expands on it by also investigating possible influences of fire on resource availability (nutrients, water, and light) and net primary productivity. This study represents a continuation and expansion of experiments 015 and 094.
Cedar Bog Lake Water Quality Data
This dataset contains water quality data from multiple locations and dates collected from surface waters of Cedar Bog Lake (CBL) during summers of 2016 -2018. Sampling of biogeochemical and water quality parameters measured include dissolved inorganic and organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, total phosphorus, particulate particulate and total dissolved phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, and algal biomass (as chlorophyll a). These data were collected to support research examining energy flow pathways in the lake using stable isotopes, and build long term water data records for the lake as a reference site, given that it is largely protected from direct human impacts. These water quality data enhance previous water quality data available for CBL. The food web analyses project was developed to compare energy flow in CBL food webs between the foundational original studies by Raymond Lindeman in the 1930s to those inferred from stable isotope analyses. The food web project also examined constraints on resource use by consumers imposed by chemical conditions, and explored the potential role of methane as an energy source for consumers. Stable isotope data for food web components, including fish and invertebrates, will be published separately.
Seasonal Electrofishing Data from Rookery Branch and Tarpon Bay, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, November 2004 - ongoing
This study examines temporal and spatial dynamics in the fish community of the oligohaline to mesohaline reaches of ecotonal creeks along the southwest region of Everglades National Park. Collections of fish in SW ENP during 2004 - 2014 across Rookery Branch and Tarpon Bay. Sampling started in the wet season of 2004, and has been conducted three times per year at these approximate times: November (wet season); February (transition); and April (dry season). Electrofishing samples were processed in the field, and all species (except for non-natives) were returned live at the point of collection. In the Rookery Branch region, fish abundance varies markedly yearly and seasonally. Catches peak in the drier months, reflecting a pulse of movement by freshwater taxa into creeks as marshes upstream dry. The timing of this pulse is closely tied to the pattern of water recession in upstream marshes, and has important ramifications for wading bird prey availability.
Movements of aquatic predators within the Shark River estuary (FCE LTER), Everglades National Park, South Florida, USA, June 2007 - ongoing
In South Florida, the allocation of freshwater resources is a constant source of debate. Stakeholders competing for freshwater include agriculture, rapidly growing urban populations, and the natural environment with its associated ecosystem services. Among these services, one of the most valuable is the provisioning of coastal recreational fisheries, which generates roughly $8 billion annually in angler expenditures in Florida alone. Yet, the interplay between freshwater allocation and the sustainability of these coastal fisheries remains poorly understood. One pathway of influence is through the availability of resources and food. Seasonal rainfall and freshwater management drive pulses of freshwater marsh prey into estuaries, creating short-lived but abundant foraging opportunities. Previous research has shown that these prey pulses occur primarily in the inland reaches of the estuary, providing resources for recreationally and ecologically important consumers such as the Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis), Florida Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), Atlantic Tarpon (Megalops atlanticus), Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas), and American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). However, it is unclear how far these species move to exploit this subsidy, or whether such pulses increase reproductive output and long-term population stability. Further, sea level rise is changing how economically and ecologically important taxa use estuarine environments. To address these questions, we use acoustic telemetry to track the multi-year (2007–present) movements of key estuarine taxa, including Common Snook, Florida Largemouth Bass, American Alligator, and Bull Shark, within the Shark River Estuary of Everglades National Park. This multi-species approach expands our focus from freshwater and estuarine predators to include apex predators that link freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. From a science perspective, our research provides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.