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FIGURE 1 in The phylogeny of Opoptera butterflies, and an assessment of the systematic position of O. staudingeri (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 1. Opoptera adult males, dorsal side on the left, ventral side on the right. Scale bar next to A = 1cm. (A) syme, Brazil, São Paulo. (B) sulcius, Brazil, Santa Catarina, Taió. (C) fruhstorferi, Brazil, Santa Catarina, Taió. (D) aorsa, Brazil, Paraná, Toledo. (E) hilaris, Middle Ecuador. (F) staudingeri, Costa Rica, Heredia, Puerto Viejo. (G) arsippe, Peru, Chuchurras. (H) bracteolata, Bolivia. Schematic representation and photographic detail of the HW discal cell region showing male sent organs. Venation terminology is given in I. Dashed lines represent the scent-pocket next to vein Cu2. (I) sulcius, Brazil, Santa Catarina, Taió; note thin hairpencil inserted into scent-pocket. (J) hilaris, Bolivia; note the three hairbrushes. (K) staudingeri, note the broad hairbrush inside discal cell. (L) arsippe, Peru, Chuchurras; note the open scent organ and long HW discal cell hairbrush.
FIGURE 1 in Butterflies of Guinea-Bissau: VIII. New data, new reports, corrections and biodiversity (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)
FIGURE 1. Map of Guinea-Bissau with centroids of the 10 km UTM squares containing the localities where butterflies have been recorded: black centroids include the localities prospected in this study, open centroids include those from previous studies, and grey centroids include localities from both the present and former studies. White dotted areas represent Protected Areas.
FIGURES 29–36 in A survey of the Neotropical montane butterflies of the subtribe Pronophilina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa
FIGURES 29–36. Adult satyrine butterflies from the Cordillera de La Costa, Venezuela (left: dorsal, right: ventral); 29. Pronophila obscura Butler (male, Cerro San Isidro); 30. P. obscura Butler (female, vía Maracay-Choroní); 31. Pronophila thelebe Doubleday (male, vía Capachal); 32. P. thelebe Doubleday (female, vía Capachal); 33. Mygona irmina (Doubleday) (male, Los Colonos); 34. M. irmina (Doubleday) (female, Los Colonos); 35. Thiemeia phoronea phoronea (Doubleday) (male, vía Naranjal); 36. T. phoronea phoronea (Doubleday) (female, vía Naranjal).
FIGURES 1–10 in A survey of the Neotropical montane butterflies of the subtribe Pronophilina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa
FIGURES 1–10. Adult satyrine butterflies from the Cordillera de La Costa, Venezuela (left: dorsal, right: ventral); 1. Pedaliodes plotina plotina (Hewitson) (male, vía Capachal); 2. P. plotina plotina (Hewitson) (female, vía Naranjal); 3. Pedaliodes manis ivica Viloria & Pyrcz n. ssp., HOLOTYPE (male, Altos de Pipe); 4. P. manis ivica Viloria & Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (female, Altos de Pipe); 5. Pedaliodes piletha piletha (Hewitson) (male, vía Naranjal); 6. P. piletha piletha (Hewitson) (female, Los Colonos); 7. Pedaliodes piletha costa Viloria & Pyrcz n. ssp., HOLOTYPE (male, Cerro San Isidro); 8. P. piletha costa Viloria & Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (female, Cerro San Isidro); 9. Pedaliodes manneja Thieme (male, vía Capachal); 10. P. manneja Thieme (female, vía Capachal).
FIGURES 21–28 in A survey of the Neotropical montane butterflies of the subtribe Pronophilina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa
FIGURES 21–28. Adult satyrine butterflies from the Cordillera de La Costa, Venezuela (left: dorsal, right: ventral); 21. Praepronophila perperna perperna (Hewitson) (male, vía Naranjal); 22. P. perperna perperna (Hewitson) (female, Cerro San Isidro); 23. Lasiophila zapatoza zapatoza Westwood (male, vía Naranjal); 24. L. zapatoza zapatoza Westwood (female, vía Naranjal); 25. Pseudomaniola phaselis phaselis (Hewitson) (male, Cerro San Isidro); 26. P. phaselis phaselis (Hewitson) (female, Sector El Tigre); 27. Oxeoschistus puerta puerta (Westwood) (male, Maracay-Choroní); 28. O. puerta puerta (Westwood) (female, Cuesta de Puerto Maya).
FIGURES 58–63. a in A survey of the Neotropical montane butterflies of the subtribe Pronophilina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa
FIGURES 58–63. a Lateral view of the male genitalia of satyrine butterflies of the genus Pedaliodes Butler from the Cordillera de La Costa, Venezuela (aedeagus removed from its natural position in lateral [c, except in 59, where it is b] and ventral [b, except in 59] view); 58. P. croizatorum Viloria & Camacho (Fila San Lorenzo, Monagas State, Venezuela); 59. P. ma nis m an is (C. & R. Felder) (Qda. La Cuesta, Mérida State, Venezuela); 60. P. manis ivica Viloria & Pyrcz n. ssp. (Cerro San Isidro); 61. P. manis ivica Viloria & Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (Avila); 62. P. piletha costae Viloria & Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (Cerro San Isidro); 63. P. piletha piletha (Hewitson) (Los Colonos).
FIGURES 11–20 in A survey of the Neotropical montane butterflies of the subtribe Pronophilina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa
FIGURES 11–20. Adult satyrine butterflies from the Cordillera de La Costa, Venezuela (left: dorsal, right: ventral); 11. Pedaliodes prytanis (Hewitson) (male form, vía Naranjal); 12. P. prytanis (Hewitson) (female form, vía Naranjal); 13. P. prytanis (Hewitson) (male form, vía Naranjal); 14. P. prytanis (Hewitson) (female form, vía Naranjal); 15. P. prytanis (Hewitson) (female form, Los Colonos); 16. P. p r y t a n i s (Hewitson) (female form, Los Colonos); 17. Pedaliodes pisonia (Hewitson) (male, Altos de Pipe); 18. P. p i s o n i a (Hewitson) (female, Altos de Pipe); 19. Panyapedaliodes panyasis (Hewitson) (male, Colonia Tovar); 20. P. panyasis (Hewitson) (female, Colonia Tovar).
FIGURES 45–54 in A survey of the Neotropical montane butterflies of the subtribe Pronophilina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa
FIGURES 45–54. Adult satyrine butterflies from the Cordillera de La Costa, Venezuela (left: dorsal, right: ventral); 45. Eretris encycla encycla (C. & R. Felder) (male, vía Capachal); 46. E. encycla encycla (C. & R. Felder) (female, vía Capachal); 47. Eretris neocycla Pyrcz & Viloria n. sp., HOLOTYPE (male, vía Naranjal); 48. E. neocycla Pyrcz & Viloria n. sp., PARATYPE (female, Cuesta Puerto Maya); 49. Lymanopoda obsoleta (Westwood) (male, Colonia Tovar); 50. L. obsoleta (Westwood) (female, Colonia Tovar); 51. Lymanopoda caucana Weymer (male, Cerro San Isidro); 52. L. caucana Weymer (female, Cerro San Isidro); 53. Steroma bega bega Westwood (male, Colonia Tovar); 54. S. bega bega Westwood (female, Colonia Tovar).
FIGURES 37–44 in A survey of the Neotropical montane butterflies of the subtribe Pronophilina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa
FIGURES 37–44. Adult satyrine butterflies from the Cordillera de La Costa, Venezuela (left: dorsal, right: ventral); 37. Corades enyo enyo Hewitson (male, Los Colonos); 38. C. enyo enyo Hewitson (Los Colonos); 39. Corades medeba pittieri Pyrcz & Viloria n. ssp., HOLOTYPE (male, vía Naranjal); 40. C. medeba pittieri Pyrcz & Viloria n. ssp., PARATYPE (female, vía Naranjal); 41. Corades pannonia pannonia Hewitson (male, vía Naranjal); 42. C. pannonia pannonia Hewitson (female, Colonia Tovar); 43. Manerebia mycalesoides (C. & R. Felder) (male, Sector El Tigre); 44. M. mycalesoides (C. & R. Felder) (female, Sector El Tigre).
FIGURE 4 in Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 4. Identification of dorsal (grey letters overlaying photographs) and ventral (color coded on separate diagrams) wing pattern elements for four brassoline species. The phylogeny on the left is based on Penz (2007) and results of this study, with Opsiphanes left unresolved. A, Mielkella singularis male; Mexico, Chiapas. B, Orobrassolis ornamentalis male; Brazil, São Paulo, Umuarama [Campos do Jordão]. C, Blepolenis bassus male; Brazil [no other data]. D, Opsiphanes sallei male; Peru, Huanoabamba.
FIGURE 1 in Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 1. Adult Blepolenis butterflies of both sexes in dorsal (D) and ventral (V) views, including dissection or collection numbers as listed in Appendix 1. A, Blepolenis bassus male D&V, Brazil, 08-41. B, B. bassus female D&V, São Bento [do Sul], [Rio Grande do Sul], 01-32. C, B. bassus female D, Campos do Jordão-Lagoinha, [São Paulo] MZSP 13714. D, B. bassus male D, Murtinho, E. Parana, MZSP 13711. E, B. batea male D&V, Santa Catarina, 08-38. F, B. batea female D&V, Santa Catarina. G, B. batea male D&V, Itatiba, São Paulo, MZSP 13719. H, B. batea male D, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 06-15. I, B. batea male D, Porto Alegre, MZSP 13709. J, B. batea male D, S. Paulo, 09-04, MZSP 13718. K, B. batea male D, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 01-33. L, B. catharinae male D, no locality, specimen from the Fruhstorfer Collection, B.M.[N.H.] 1937-285. M, B. catharinae male D&V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. N, B. catharinae female D&V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. O, B. catharinae male D, no locality, 09-15, MZSP 13710. P, B. catharinae male V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina.
FIGURE 2 in Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 2. Blepolenis male and female genitalia, including dissection numbers as listed in Appendix 1. Male genitalia is illustrated in lateral and ventral views (setae omitted from right side of figure to emphasize the shape), an outline of the tegumen is given in dorsal view, and outlines of the distal portion of the valva in lateral view show the variation in the dorsal, subterminal spines. The ventral view of female sterigma includes most, but not all the length of the lateral arms. All drawings in the same scale except for corpus bursa; scale bars 1 mm, appearing under A and C. A, Blepolenis bassus male, Murtinho, Paraná, 09-14. B, B. bassus male valvae, top figure is the left valva of the specimen in A; bottom left, Brazil, 01-31; bottom right, Brazil, 08- 41. C, B. bassus female (the irregular signa are an artifact of preparation), São Bento [do Sul], [Rio Grande do Sul], 01-32. D, B. batea male, Serra do Caraça, Minas Gerais, 09-05. E, B. batea male valvae, top to bottom, left to right: Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 01-33; S. Paulo, 09-04; Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 06-15; Nova Teutônia, Santa Catarina, 08-42. F, B. batea female, Santa Catarina, 06-16. G, B. catharinae male, Lagoa do Peri, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 09-01. H, no data, 09-15. I, Lagoa do Peri, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 09-02.
FIGURE 5 in Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 5. Diagram of the wing venation of Opsiphanes and Blepolenis. A, O. cassiae cassia (Linnaeus) male, annotated from Stichel (1909) showing terminology in German used by workers of that time, including the original description of Blepolenis by Röber (1906). B, B. batea male, vein thickness not to scale, labeled using the Comstock-Needham terminology. Scale bar refers to B only.
FIGURE 3 in Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 3. Bayesian inference of phylogeny and times of divergence. Numbers above branches are posterior probabilities of the nodes to the right of the number (see Methods), and selected color and morphological character changes are listed below branches (see text for description). Time periods are given above (epoch names) and below (millions of years) the phylogeny. The grey bars overlapping with tree branches represent confidence intervals for estimated divergence times.
FIGURE 16 in New species of high elevation cloud forest butterflies of the genus Pedaliodes Butler from the northern Colombian Andes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
FIGURE 16. Geographical distribution of new species: 1, Pedaliodes haydoni; 2, Pedaliodes philinae; 3, Pedaliodes adrianae; 4, Pedaliodes rodriguezi.
FIGURES 9–12 in New species of high elevation cloud forest butterflies of the genus Pedaliodes Butler from the northern Colombian Andes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
FIGURES 9–12. Male genitalia. Pedaliodes haydoni (paratype): 9A, genitalia in lateral view; 9B, aedeagus in lateral view; 9C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes adrianae (paratype): 10A, genitalia in lateral view; 10B, aedeagus in lateral view; 10C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes philinae (paratype): 11A, genitalia in lateral view; 11 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 11 C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes rodriguezi (paratype): 12A, genitalia in lateral view; 12B, aedeagus in lateral view; 12C, aedeagus in dorsal view.
FIGURES 13–15. 13 in New species of high elevation cloud forest butterflies of the genus Pedaliodes Butler from the northern Colombian Andes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
FIGURES 13–15. 13, Pedaliodes adrianae (paratype) female genitalia; 14, Pedaliodes philinae (paratype) female genitalia; 15, Pedaliodes rodriguezi male (Cerro San Felix, Antioquia, Colombia, 2900 m)
FIGURES 1–8. Pedaliodes adults. 1, P in New species of high elevation cloud forest butterflies of the genus Pedaliodes Butler from the northern Colombian Andes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
FIGURES 1–8. Pedaliodes adults. 1, P. haydoni male (holotype); 2, P. porcia male; 3, P. adrianae male (holotype); 4, P. adrianae female (paratype); 5, P. rodriguezi male (holotype); 6, P. ro dr i gu e z i female (paratype); 7, P. philinae male (holotype); 8, P. philinae female (paratype).
FIGURE 9 in Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the rose colored Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
FIGURE 9. Map showing the collecting localities of examined specimens (excluding dubious localities).
FIGURE 8 in Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the rose colored Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
FIGURE 8. Female genitalia in ventral view, including schematic representation of papilla anales and abdomen outline. Scale bar Scale bar 1 mm for line drawings only. a, C. pireta dissection CMP 13–28, the arrow indicates lateral portion of the sterigma that is much reduced (and not illustrated) in other species; b–c, C. cliftoni dissections CMP 13–35 and 13–29; d, C. aurora dissection CMP 13–33; e, C. pyritosa dissection CMP 14–20. f, characteristic aspect of a mated female; note that the scaling anterior to the sterigma have been lifted by the mating plug.
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